专题14 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版.docx

《专题14 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题14 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版.docx（29页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、优点英语2024年新高考英语二轮复习 【培优小题狂练】专题14阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）解析版【近年高考考情】考例1 (2023全国甲卷C篇) 28题考例2 (2023 全国乙卷 A篇) 23题考例3 (2020全国卷A篇) 21题考例4 (2023全国乙卷C篇) 28题考例5 (2023新高考I卷A篇) 22题考例6 (2020全国卷D篇) 34题考例7 (2023浙江1月卷A篇) 23题考例8 (2022新高考II卷A篇) 22题考例9 (2022全国乙卷A篇) 22题考例10 (2020新高考卷A篇) 21题【实用解题妙招】细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答

2、题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。 题型一直接信息题直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用

3、“一找二定三比对”的方法。考例1 (2023全国甲卷C篇) 28题I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarders Sophies World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).28. Who opened the door

4、to philosophy for the author?A. Foucault.B. Eric Weiner.C. Jostein Gaarder.D. A college teacher.28. C。细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarders Sophies World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It sp

5、oke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的 Sophie的世界。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。考例2 (2023 全国乙卷 A篇) 23Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medica

6、l college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunx

7、ian.C. James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.23. D。细节理解题。Step 1找关键词：first African American with a medical degree。Step 2定位到原文：she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree。Step 3比对选项：通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree

8、. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。考例3 (2020全国卷A篇) 21题All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes eve

9、ry effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.21. What would you do to get ticket information?A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit .au.C. Ask at the local station.D. Check the train schedule.21. C。分析：Step 1找关键词：ti

10、cket information。Step 2定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticket information，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”。Step 3比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。答案是C。题型二间接信息题间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息

11、,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换。 考例4 (2023全国乙卷C篇) 28题According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under

12、 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.30. Which is the percentage of the people using mo

13、re diverse ingredients now?A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.30.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一

14、左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。两个同义转换：one third33%；a wider variety of =more diverse 考例5 (2023新高考I卷A篇) 22题Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the gra

15、de for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course manage

16、ment system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) 22. How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.22. B。细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最

17、终成绩由3部分组成。故选B。同义转换：final grade= Essays (60%)+ Group Assignments (30%)+ Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)考例6 (2020全国卷D篇) 34题Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting she

18、llfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A. They could walk on stilts all day.B. They had a superb way of fishing.C. They

19、could stay long underwater.D. They lived on both land and water.34. C。细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法。同义词复现:astoni

20、shed与amazed为同义词 。高频同义转换（动词类）优点英语book=reserve=orderconduct=carry outplease=amuse=entertainimprove=promoteguarantee=ensuredocument=recordruin=destroy=damage=violatedeclare=announce=informdivide=separate=part withcomplete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve delay=put off=postpone give=supply=provide=offer e

21、ncourage = motivate =stimulate = spur reject=refuse=turn down=decline receive=accept see=observe=notice=spot search=explore connect=link=relate=associatediscourage=frustraterent=hireprove=turn outremove=get rid ofadmire=appreciatepossess=owndecide=determine=resolve to doget= obtain= acquire= gain= p

22、ossess高频同义转换（名词类）data=statisticsnovel=fictionfeature=characteristicscareer=occupationmanners=etiquettegratitude=appreciationexperiment=trialpersonality=characterstress=pressureorigin=pioneercircumstance=environment=atmospherecreation=innovationachievement=recognitionoption=choice=selectionmaterial=r

23、esourceluggage=baggage=packagerule=regulation=principledirection=discipline=guidelinecolleague=coworkeressay=passage=article=textapproach=way=method=means高频同义转换（形容词副词类）delicious=tastyattentive=focusedoriginal=initialfinal=eventualobvious=evident=Strikingaccurate=exactauthentic=true=genuinethrilling=

24、frighteningthrilled=excitedtime-honored=has a long historydull=boringdaring=braveextra=additionalglad=pleased=delightedtouched=movedaccessible=available=at handappropriate=proper=suitableappealing=attractivecomplex=complicatedsafe=secure高频同义转换（高频短语类）ahead of time=in advance=previousplaces of interes

25、t=tourist attractionresult in=lead to=contribute tobe accustomed to=be used to doingprevent.from=keep.from=stop.fromjoin in=take part in=participate in=involve in=be engaged inget ready for=be prepared forfocus on =concentrate ontransform A into B=turn A into Bin the long term=in the long runhold on

26、 to=insisttake action=take measures=take steps tokeep in touch with=contactdeal with=cope with=handle with=addressat the same time=meanwhileon the spot=on the scenebe proud of=take pride inhead into=leave forarrive at=reach=get to=approachin spite of=despitefrom ones perspective=from ones point of v

27、iewtry doing=attempt tobe filled with=be charged with=be full ofrun into=come acrosstake the place of=replacefrom time to time=once in a whilebe caught in=be trapped inconsist of =be made up offor a moment=for a whilea collection of =a series offigure out=find outbright up=light uproll around=turn u

28、pgive.a lecture=deliver a speechdraw ones attention=attract ones attentionbe desperate for=desire for=be thirsty forin favor of=favorable优点英语题型三数据计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。考例7 (2023浙江1月卷A篇) 23题Explorers CampFull day camp for kids aged 5-13. Monday-Friday, July 8-

29、26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12Week 2 | July 15-19Week 3 | July 22-26Register for a single week or multiple weeks. Fees: $365 per week. The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp StructureThe day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers ha

30、ve a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. 23. How

31、many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week?A. 15.B. 21.C. 30.D. 42.23.细节理解题。根据“Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon)

32、and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。考例8 (2022新高考II卷A篇) 22题Childrens Discovery MuseumGeneral Information about

33、 Group PlayPricingGroup Play $7/personScholarshipsWe offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be

34、 received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship. Group SizeWe require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of

35、 35 or more, please call to discuss options. 22. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.22. C。细节理解题。根据“Group Size”标题下“We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children.(我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人)”可知，10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。考例9 (2022全

36、国乙卷A篇) 22题Admission4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.22. How much would

37、 a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A. 4.B. 8.C. 12.D. 16.22. B。细节理解题。根据Admission部分“4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。考例10 (2020新高考卷A篇) 21题POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem ab

38、out how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the N

39、ational Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.21. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Six.21. 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners ch

40、oice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。【高考真题再练】1 (2023新高考I卷A篇) Bike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks,

41、squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there

42、 is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes.PricesHand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day (24

43、hours)14.759.75Each additional day8.006.00Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike sh

44、op or book online.21. What is an advantage of MacBike?A. It gives children a discount.B. It of offers many types of bikes.C. It organizes free cycle tours.D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A. 15.75.B. 19.50.C. 22

45、.75.D. 29.50.23. Where does the guided city tour start?A. The Gooyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.【答案】21. B22. C23. D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。21.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot

46、brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。22.细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。23.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The to

47、ur departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。2 (2023新高考II卷B篇) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to hel