高考英语语法宾语从句讲义.docx

《高考英语语法宾语从句讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法宾语从句讲义.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、宾语从句一.宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾 语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句:that引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、 介词或形容词之后，引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略。作及物动词,如：say, think, know, hear, see, hope, wish, remember, forget 等 的宾语。 如：She says (that ) she will help me learn English this evening.作介词的宾语：连词that

2、引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，一般只用在except, but, in之后，其他介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it作形式宾语。如：He is a good boy except that he is careless.You may depend on it that I shall always help you.作” be + 形容词”结构的宾语。如：sure, glad, certain, pleased, sorry, happy, afraid 等, 如：Im happy (that) I passed the exam.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用此作形式宾

3、语，而将宾语从句后置。We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.引导词that不能省略的几种情况：and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that, 但第二个从句的连词that 一般不可以省略。He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时I know nothing about him except that he is from th

4、e south.that从句位于句首时That she is a good girl I know.宾语从句的主语是this/that或有this/that修饰时I think that this part is very important.宾语从句由it作形式宾语代替时We all consider it important that children should take plenty of milk.2 .由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充

5、当某个成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don/t know why the train is late.3 .由if或whether引导的宾语从句,if/whether意为是否“。常用在ask, wonder, doubt, find out, be uncertain /doubtful /等后，二者通常可以互换。I want to know if (whethe

6、r) he lives there.If和whether的区别介词后的宾语从句一般用whetherThe teacher worried about whether she had hurt the girls feeling.与or连用分别引导两个从句时，特别是句中有or not时用whetherI wonder whether or not we should take part in this activity.I dont know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.宾语从句位于句首时，一般用whetherWhether he will join

7、in the winter camp,I dont care.在动词不定式之前只能用whetheroHe doesnt know whether to go or not.在容易产生歧义的句子，一般用whether。Let me know whether you can come.告诉我你是否能来。二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。1 .陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。He was an honest boy. The teacher said. f The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.2

8、 . 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。带有系动词be (is, am, are, was,were)的特殊疑问句。Do you know how old he is.带有情态动词can/should等的特殊疑问句f Can you tell me what I should do?带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。f Do vou know where I put my wedding ring? f Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu?注意：当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述

9、句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。Whats wrong with you? 怎么了？ f He asked the girl what was wrong with her.What has happened to him? f We want to know what has happened to him.四、宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。1 .如果主句是现在时，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He has told me that he/ll leave for New York to

10、morrow.I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.2 .如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。He told me that he would take part in the high jump.He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.3 .如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理、自然现象、名言警句、格言等，此时宾语从句 用一般现在时即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态

11、。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.五、判断技巧1、判断是否为宾语从句：空格部分位于谓语动词或者介词后面，空格后跟着完整的句子 或者缺少某个成分的句子。2、根据空格后的内容选择引导词：空格后句子完整，主句表达的意思是明确的，一般选 择that,主句表达的意思是不明确的，一般选择if/whether。空格后句子不完整，根据句子 意思选择连接代词和连接副词。宾语从句习题单项选择1. The te

12、acher told us the earth around the sun.A. whether, moves B. if movedC. that moves D. that moved2. Mr. Zhang doubts Mike has told his parents the truth.A. whetherB. whoC. whenD. that3. Excuse me, could you please tell me if the meeting on time?If it tomorrow, well have to put it off.A. will hold； sno

13、ws B. will be held； snows C. will be held； snow D. holds； will snow4. I know I promised to take you to dinner, but I wont finish working until tenoclock.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. why5. He asked me.A. if I would go skating with him B. when did I buy the CD C. that I had a good time6. Do you think at home

14、 on computer in the future?Yes, I think they neednt go to school.1 . kids will study B. did kids study C. kids studied D. will kids study7 .Excuse me. Could you please tell me?Sure. Go along this street and turn Ie代Its on your right.A. when I can get to the bookstoreB. when can I get to the bookstor

15、eC. how I can get to the bookstoreD. how can I get to the bookstore8 .Look at the man in blue! Do you know? Oh, he is a policeman.A. what does heB. what he doesC. how he does9.1 never doubt his advice is of great value to me.A. that B. whether C. how D. what10.1 wonder June is a good time to visit H

16、ong Kong.A. thatB. whenC. whether11.No one doubted the Germans win the 2018World Cup again.A. if; can B. whether; couldC. that; couldD. that; can12. The Dragon Boat races are so exciting, but our boat is still behind.一Dont worry. Km sure our team will win!A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. why13. I dont know

17、or not. Neither do I. You may ask his teacher.A. whether he is at schoolB. if he is at schoolC. that he is at school14. David asked meA. if I will be free that dayC. where do I come fromD. whether is he at schoolB. whether or not I would be free that dayD. when I will leave here15. Do you believe th

18、at humans could live on Mars? I dont think.A. if it comes trueB. that it will come trueC. why it will come trueD. how does it come true16.1 dont know he has time to help us. Lets ask him.A. thatB. ifC. howD. what17. Nobody knows to visit our school.A. when will he comeB. when does he comeC. when he

19、will come18. The teacher asked usA. when did I finish my workC. what we were interested in19. 一Jack, could you tell me一Sure. In the post office on Green Road.A. where you bought the stampsC. when you bought the stamps20. 一Im sorry Im late.一Could you tell me?A. why you are late againD. when he does c

20、omeB. why didn/t we tell him about it earlierD. where we are going to have our lunchB. where did you buy the stampsD. when did you buy the stampsB. why are you late againC. what were you doingD. who did you talk with21. This article explains.A. what can colors doB. what will colors doC. how colors w

21、ill doD. what colors can do22. Could you tell me you did it so well?With my parents help.A. whoB. howC. whenD. what23. 一I don? t know we will go.一Why not? We will go to the beach for a picnic.A. WhereB. WhenC. how24. She was angry at he was doing and she walked out without a word.A. whatB. thatC. if

22、D. when25. The light in his room is still on. Do you know?To prepare for the coming exam, I think.A. if he works hardB. why he stays up so lateC. why is he so busyD. when he will stop working补充合适的引导词。1 I am not sure is more frightened, me or the little boy.2、The Indians figured out exactly thick the

23、 walls needed to be to make the cycle workon most days.3、The boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do.4、I think we should prevent him from doing is the most important.5、 Its important to make them feel they are being listened to and that you on

24、ly havetheir best interests at heart6、 Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out they deserved his help.7、The rise in sales of translated fiction shows hungry so many British readers are forgreat writing from other countries.8、

25、Do you know he will stop workingMaybe at 12:00 pm.9、Please decide we will go next month, Canada or other countries?10 I think you must explain you didnt finish your task.11 Up to now, we are doubtful the meeting will be held in time.12、 The colors used in his painting show he is very outgoing.13、 I

26、didn/t understand this would happen and my credit card had been charged forthe reservation.14 I was wondering I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.15、 We all know clean water is important for our health. But we also know we should watch we keep our water in.答案1 who 2 how 3 what 4 what 5 that 6 if/whether 7 how 8 when9 where10 why 11 if/whether 12 that 13 why 14 where 15 what