高考英语语法定语从句讲义.docx

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1、定语从句一、定义：在复合句中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为 先行词，引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词连接先行词和从句，并代替先行词在从 句中作一定的句子成分。二、定语从句的分类：根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。1、限制性定语从句：紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，说明先行词 的性质特征等。A nurse is a person who looks a代er patients.非限制性定语从句：主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。Toms father, who is over sixty,

2、still works hard day and night.2、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.3、that不能引导非限制性定语从句。4、在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词作宾语时，可以省略（介词后除外）；但在非限制性 定语从句中不能省略。Generation gap is a problem（that/which） people are interested in.He was eage

3、r to see her mother,whom he loved very much.三、关系代词的基本用法1、who/whom:二者都指人，who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语。位于介词后或在非限制 性定语从句中作宾语时，一般用whom。The man who spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong.He is the person who/whom I respect.Do you know the man with whom they are talking?2、whose:既可指人，也可指物，作定语。You are the only one who

4、se advice he might listen to.This house whose windows face the street is my unclesWhose+名词=the+名词+of+关系代词I will talk to those students whose homework=the homework of whom hasnt bee done.3、which:指物，作主语、宾语。The computer which is on that desk is mine. We are drinking milk which they bought yesterday.4、t

5、hat:既可指人（=0加卜001）,也可指物（=41忙叫作主语、宾语、表语。He doesnt seem to be the man that he was ten years ago.The picture that we are looking at was drawn by my sister.This book that is written in English is my birthday gift from my father.【注意】1 .先行词为物时，关系代词用that而不能用which：(1)先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，如all, much, something,

6、everything, nothing, little, none 等That is all that I want to say.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时He was the first person that passed the exam. This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等限定词修饰时This is the same bike that I lost.(4)先行词里同时含有人或物时We were

7、 deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.当主句是Here/there/which开头There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. Which is the shirt that fits me most?2 .先行词为物时，关系代词用which,而不用that的情况：(1)先行词为that时，用which,而不用that。Whats that which is under the desk?(2)关系代词前有介词时，一般用which,而不用that。T

8、his is the room in which he lives.(3)引导非限制性定语从句Tom came back, which made us happy.3 .先行词为人时，关系代词用who不用that的情况：(1)先行词为指人的one/ones/anyone/those时Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.(2) There be结构 主语是指人的名词时There is a gentleman who wants to see you.(3)非限制性定语从句中4.先行词为人时，关系代词用t

9、hat不用who的情况：(1)主句是who开头时Who was the man that you danced with last night?(2)当先行词前有序数词、形容词最高级、the same/the last/the only等修饰时四、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1 .充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构This is the house in which I lived two years ago.There used to be a time during which the Chinese people struggled for freedomYou should

10、 explain the reason for which you are absent.2 .名词+介词+which / whom ”引导的定语从句We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear.五、关系副词的基本用法1. when在句中作状语，表示时间，可用at/in/on/during which替代。He remembers the day when he joined the League.2. where在句中作状语，表示地点，可用at/in/on which替代。This is the place wher

11、e he works.3. why在句中作状语，表示原因，可用for which替代,why不能引导非限制性定语从句，forwhich可以This is the reason why he is late today.【提醒】1 .当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.2 .当position, point, case, situation, atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定

12、语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.3 .关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help?这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗?4 .当先行词是时间名词时，关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句 中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如: 册Do you

13、 remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?-Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?六、主谓一致问题1、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的形式取决于先行词。2、从句前面为One+of+可数名词复数，谓语用复数。前面为the one of+可数名词复数，谓 语用单数。He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。He is the o

14、ne of the boys who likes playing basketball.他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。七、判断技巧：一般在语法填空考察定语从句的关系词，可分为几个步骤：1、判断是否为定语从句：先看句子是否完整，即基本成分主谓宾/主系表是完整的。空格是位于名词/代词后面，空格后的内容与前面的名词/代词相关，起到修饰说明作用，可 以判断为限制性定语从句；空格和名词/代词中间有逗号隔开，空格后的内容与前面的名词/代词/整个句子相关，则是 非限制性定语从句。2、判断先行词是人、物、整个句子。3、判断代表先行词的关系词在从句中的成分：如果在从句中充当主语、宾语，一般考虑关系代词。如果在从

15、句中充当状语，一般考虑关系副词。单项选择1. 一What are you looking for?Im looking for a book tells the history of England.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. where2. 一Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable?一Because he knows almost everything we want to know.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. who3. I heard that Shao Yifu passed away.Yes, he is

16、a great man donated billions of dollars to charity, schools andhospitals.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /4. He always forgets all the things he needs to do.A .whenB. thatC. whereD. which5. After Mandela was free in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people wanted to kill him.A. whoseB. whichC. /D. who6

17、. The book in I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whose7. He showed me around the school he studied three years ago.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. there8. He is the teacher class we all like.A. whenB. whoC. whomD. whose9. Please tell me something about Ya

18、ng Liwei.He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud.A. thatB. whoseC. whoD. whom10. My mother doesnt like stories have sad endings.A. thatB. whoC. whereD. those11. Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree waiting in a line?一They are the students from No. 1 Primary School.A. that ar

19、eB. where areC. which isD. who is12. I/ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met inthe English speech contest last yearA. whomB. whoseC. whichD. where13. She is talking about the school and teachers we visited last month.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that14. It is the school

20、rooftop a group of Shanghai students have grown vegetables.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where15.1 like the city the people are really kind and friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who16. The factory I am going to is the place my mother usedto work many years ago.A. where; whereB. where; which C. which; wh

21、ere D. which; which17. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when18. Nobody knows the reason he is o代en late for school.A.whyB. whereC. whichD. when19. Do you remember the days we spent together on the farm?A.whyB. whereC. whichD.

22、 when20. The famous basketball star,tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. who21. Have you seen the film Titanic,leading actor is world famous?A. itsB. itsC. whoseD. which22. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the

23、price of which C. its price D. the price of whose23. She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. whichC. thisD. that24. I shall never forget the day Shen Zhou V was launched,has a great effect on my life.A. when; whichB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; that25. Dora was alwa

24、ys speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,made the others unhappy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what用适当的关系词填空。1. This is the house in I lived ten years ago. which2. The man from I borrowed the book is Li Lei. whom3. One of my friends Sandhya used to stay in Subhas Nagar,was situated in a littl

25、e lower area across the railway line. which4. The earth is the only planet provides us with everything we need. that5. The time a professor can spend with a student is limited. that/which6. Potatoes can be planted in places its too cold to grow rice. where7. Sept.30th is the last day you must pay yo

26、ur bill. when8. She is the person handwriting is very good. whose9. Can you tell me the reason the car broke down. why10. We are often told to eat a rainbow and we aim for the very guideline says the more color a food has, the better it is. that11. She works from 9.am to 5.pm daily at the pet shop,s

27、he opened with her husband. which12. They were trained by their masters had great experience with caring these animals. who/that13. Sarah,has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. who14. My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV

28、 show in the mid-1980s, I was the first reporter permitted to film a special unit about pandas. when1. .1 believe this is an important reason I am able to make progress, why16. The cats live at the museum they now lead an comfortable life, where17. In 1939 , J.M.W. Turner began to work on his painti

29、ng,title is THE Fighting Temeraire. whose18. There are many destinations in the UK, one of is the South-West of England,which19. According to statistics,326 visitors attended the festival, many of were hanfu-wearing enthusiasts. whom20. The number of times that upcycling has been looked up on the Cambridge Dictionary website has risen by 181% since Dec. of 2011,it was first added to the online dictionary. when