高中英语必备的长难句分析(附历年高考英语长难句100例).docx
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1、高中英语必备的长难句分析(附历年高考英语长难句100例)阅读理解得分低,往往是因为文章看不懂,文章中的句子之所以难以 理解,有许多原因,其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。 句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分, 如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等 等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。如何处理长难句?1找谓语,找定语一般情况下,一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语),我们 可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且,如果一个句子中出现 两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词,则该句可以是并列句或复合句 (并列谓语动词的情况除外)。
2、如:People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.【句意】二十一年来,象牙交易一直被明令禁止,人们担心削弱这一unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermount
3、ain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City.据盐湖城的ITA的观点,闪烁的棕色眼睛,摇着尾巴,并有无条件的 爱心,狗能成为无判断力的(忠实的)听者,这是刚开始搞阅读的小孩 所需要的。简析:夹杂with构成的介词短语及过去分词短语。12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea. 这家盐湖城公共图书馆接受这个观点。简析:关键词sell on (to)使接受。13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506,
4、 and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.这个岛屿,于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现,在1810年有人居住, 现在属于英国,人口数有几百人。简析:有两个过去分词短语作状语。14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge
5、stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.他们已有一千多年与外界没有联系,这给他们充足的时间来修建1000 多座巨大的石像,被称为莫艾,因为有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。简析:夹杂有现在分词短语,过去分词短语及定语从句。15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.我们的(
6、生日)聚会针对两到十岁的小孩,它们互动感强,富有创新, 因为它们能基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的氛围。简析:关键词aim for针对;in that在于。16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.在这里叙述的这种筹备(生日)聚会的计划所带有的最重要的观点在于它能让父母和孩子的关系更加密切。简析:夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。17. He had realized that the
7、words: ”one of six to eight“ under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII s six wives. 他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词“一、六、八”在某些 方面将这个野兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英,即亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第 一个妻子,联系起来。简析:夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。18. Until one day he came across two stone crosses in
8、Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. 直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架,他才懂得 在1773年修建这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。简析:关键词come across碰巧遇见,in one s honor纪念某人。19. It is Sue Townsend s musical play, based on her best-selling book.它是苏珊汤森德的音乐剧本,根据她畅销的小说改编的。简析:关键词best-selling畅销的。20. Gold is one
9、 of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.戈德是对有机食品感兴趣众多购买者当中的一位,遍及英国的超市依 赖更多像他那样的购买者,因为他们要增加有机食品生意。简析:关键词count on依赖。21. Supporters of underground development say that building
10、 down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth s space.地下发展的支持者说在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一种利用 地球空间的办法。简析:关键词rather than而不是。22. Those who could were likely to name a woman.那些能够说出好朋友名字的单身男人,很有可能说出一个女人的名字。简析:省略句 who could (name a best friend )承前省。23. In general, women s friendships with each other
11、 rest on shared emotions and support, but men s relationships are marked by shared activities.一般来说,女人相互的友谊基于相互分享情感和支持,但男人间的关 系以共同参与社会活动为特征。简析:关键词rest on依靠。24. For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled 一a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior”.就大部分而言,男人
12、间的交往在感情上受控制,这与“男子汉气概” 的社会要求是相符合的。简析:关键词for the most part就大部分而言。25. Whereas a woman, s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn t unusual to hear a man say he didn t know his friend, s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking
13、if he could sleep on the sofa.一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚 姻;而听见一个男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家 的沙发上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕,这是很平常的。简析:夹杂多种语法结构not unusual=usual; notuntil,直到 才。26. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.1066年以前,在我们现在称为英国的土地上,住着属于两个主要
14、语 种的民族。简析:倒装句,并含有定语从句及分词短语。27. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.如果这种情况延续下去的话,那么今天的英语将和德语很相近。简析:含虚拟语气。28. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which
15、Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词,特别是肉类,取决于它是长在田 野里,还是在家里准备煮着吃,这就表明一个事实,即萨克森农民在 农田干活,而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。简析:含对比。29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Fore
16、ign“ than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.当美国人第一次游览欧洲时,他们通常发现德国比法国对他们来说更 加“陌生”,因为他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语,比起法语更加不 同于英语。简析:含比较级句型结构。30. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and
17、emphasize it in their advertising.一些公司已经把洁净安全产品的生产当作他们主要的销售关键,并且 在他们的广告宣传中强调这一点。简析:make后接双宾语。31. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure
18、.在他们逗留之后,所有的游客都会收到一份生存证明记录他们的成功, 也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时,他们会得到一份证明,表明他们 曾尝试过冒险。简析:含两个分词短语,关键词state表明。32. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the incre
19、asing number of white-collar employees. 主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加,这些人付得起这种新型 服务,换句话说,上海的汽车出租行业发展如此快,主要因为白领工人人数的增加。简析:关键词rest in依赖。33. That you won t be for long means it won t be long before you 11 have to recycle your rubbish.你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。简析:夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。34. These words, I have just made up,
20、have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can t think of.这些词,是我编造的,只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。简析:关键词make up编造。35. Picturing(Imagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.设想未来有益于现在和将来的几代人。简析:关键词picture活用为动词想象,设想。36. Decision thinking is not unlike poker 一 it often
21、matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.做决策像打扑克牌,起作用的不但是你怎么想的,还包括别人对你的 想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。简析:含较复杂的句型结构not unlike=like not only-but also 不仅而且37. The easy way out isn t always easiest. 解决问题容易的办法并非总是最容易的。简析:关键词the way out解决问题的办法。
22、38. The hot sun had caused the dough (面 团)to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母)made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.炙热的太阳导致面团面积加倍,酵母使面团的表面摆晃叹息,似乎它 在呼吸,它看上去像某种来自外部空间的无名生物。简析:比喻形象生动。禁令会助长非法捕猎,导致大象数量减少。【分析】that引导宾语从
23、句,从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt, 根据逻辑意义,可知encourage和hurt的主语是动名词短语 weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory02提主干,去枝叶一般情况下,一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句、状 语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来,就 不能完全把握句子的核心意义,从而导致思维混乱,主次不分。如: Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal S
24、tudy of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向 研究的研究结果,这项研究是一个历时15年的课题,它记录了数千 名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。【分析】句子主干为 Economists analysed findings o fr
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