2024年高考英语语法二轮复习之非谓语动词考点归纳讲义素材.docx

《2024年高考英语语法二轮复习之非谓语动词考点归纳讲义素材.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2024年高考英语语法二轮复习之非谓语动词考点归纳讲义素材.docx（48页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2024年高考英语语法二轮复习之非谓语动词考点 归纳什么叫非谓语动词？非谓语动词就是在句子中不能用作谓语的动 词。英语动词根据它是否能用作谓语，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动 词。谓语动词在句中可用作谓语，而非谓语动词则不用作谓语（但可 用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等）。英语的非谓语动词有三种形式，即不定式、动名词、分词。如：She doesnt like me living here.她不愿意我住这儿。She decided to call his office.她决定给他办公室打电话。I saw him working in the garden.我看见他在花园里干活。We had the ma

2、chine repaired.我们请人修理了 机器。以上各句中的living为动名词、to call为不定式、working为 现在分词、repaired为过去分词。非谓语动词的总体用法特点是：不定式表示将来（谓语之后）的或 具体的动作；动名词表示已完成的或一般的动作；现在分词表示主动 和正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。考点归纳考点1考查习惯上后接动名词的动词用法在初中英语中，习惯上只能后动名词作室语，不能接不定式的动 词不多，如：advise【建议），avoid（避免），consioer （考虑）， dislike（不喜欢），enjoy （喜爱），excuse（原谅）,fini

3、sh（完成）,aive up （放弃）,imaaine （想象），keep （保持）,mind （介意），pardon （原谅），The teacher caught the boy smoking.老师撞见这个男孩在抽 烟。The teacher caught him sleeping in class.老师发现他在上 课时睡觉。3.用于keep sb doing sth,表示使某人不停地做某事。如：He kept the fire burning,他让火燃着。11 m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你等了。4 .用于leave sb doing s

4、th,表示让某人做某事或处于做某事 的状态中。如:His letter left me feeling pretty bad.他的信让我感到很 难受。They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself. 他们走开了，让我孤零零一个人坐在那儿。5 .用于be busy doing sth,表示忙于做某事。如：She was busy preparingessons. 她忙一 备课。 (www. yyarammar. comFarmers were busy getting in the crops.农民在忙着收庄稼。有时可在busy后加

5、上介词in,此时的现在分词则变成动名词。 如：6,用于spend sth doing sth,表示花时间或金钱做某事。如：He spent quite a lot of time doing that, 他花了 不少时间做那事。Mary spent the whole evening watching TV, and so did Jane. 玛丽整晚都在看电视，珍也一样。有时可在现在分词前加上介词in,此时的现在分词则变成动名 词。如：He spent quite a lot of time in doing that. 他花了 不少时 间做那事。7.用于have difficulty do

6、ing sth,表示做某事有困难。如：She might have difficulty in getting a job.她找工作可能 有困难。I have difficulty in working out this problem. 我做出这 道题来有困难。有时可在现在分词前加上介词in,此时的现在分词则变成动名 词。如：I have great difficulty in doing the work. 做这工作我觉 得很吃力。考点11考查特殊搭配中动词原形的使用英语中有些特殊结构，后接总是接动词原形，这类结构最重要的 （也是最常考的）是whynot （为什么不.）、had bette

7、r （最好）和 would rather（宁愿）。如：Why not give her some flowers?为什么不送她些花呢？It s late, wed better go home.时间不早了，我们最好回家吧。Would you rather work on a farm?你宁愿在农场干活吗？注意:had better和would rather构成否定式时，习惯上是将 not置干整个结构之后（动词原形之前），而不是置于hadwould之后。 如：Wed better not tell him.我们最好还是不告诉他。Id rather not say anything.我宁可什么也不

8、说。You had better not miss the last bus.你最好不要误了 最后 一班公共汽车。注意:would rather有时也than搭配使用，表示“宁愿而I would rather go than stay.我宁愿走不愿留。考点12考查动词have后的非谓语动词形式动词have后可接多种非谓语动词形式，主要结构如下：1. have sb do sth：其中的have为使役动词，表示叫（请、使） 某人做某事。如：I 11 have her post the letter.我要以她去寄信。He had his son clean the car他以他的儿子擦车。2. h

9、ave sb （sth） doing sth：表示使（让）某人（某事物）一直做 在做某事。如：He had the light burning all night.他让灯亮了 一整夜。Within minutes he had the whole audience lauahina andclappina.没出几分钟他就让全体听众笑起来，鼓起掌来。3. have sth done：表示请别人做某事。如：We had the machine repaired.我们请人修理了机器。Why dont you have your hair cut?你为什么不理发？4. 有时表示经历或遭遇某情况。如：H

10、e had his finger cut.他的手指弄伤了。I had my watch stolen yesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了。5. have sth to do：表示有某事要做，其中的不定式作定语。如:I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。She has plenty of clothes to wear.她有足够的衣服穿。高中英语非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词作主语表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词Seeing is believe. To see

11、is to believe.动名词的完成式一般不做主语（动名词表示一个事）It s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having （ B 为什么不行）It was computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he oughtto have spent on his lessons. （ D 为什么不行?）A. to ha

12、ve played B. playing C. played D. having playedthe homework made his father lose his temper.（但复合结构可 以）A. The boy s not having done B. The boy not having doneC. The boy s having not done D. The boy having not donewhat在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答What made your brother so delighted? for his progress.A. His teac

13、her praised him B. His being praised by his teacherC. His teacher having praised him D. He was praised by his teacher B非谓语动词作宾语动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有：agree （同意）,ask （请、要）,attempt （试图）,afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要 求 apply 申请 care （想要）,choose （决定、要）,decide （决定）,desire （希望）, determine （决心）,

14、help 帮助 expect （期望）,fail （未能）,hope （希望）,intend （打算），learn （学习）,manage （设法）,offer （愿意）,plan （计划、打算）， pretend （假装）,refuse （拒绝、谢绝）,wish （希望）等等promise答应want想 要wish希望有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑delay推迟deny否认discuss讨论dislike不喜欢enjoy

15、喜爰escape 逃脱excuse原谅fancy设想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原谅give up 放弃imagine想像keep保持 mention提及mind介意miss没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止?摇 prohibit 禁止 put off推迟report报告risk冒险stop停止suggest建议understand理解 feel like想做某事有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别forget , remember跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式,还未作mean to do

16、,打算作某事；mean doing,意味着try to do ,尽力作某事；try doing,尝试着作某事want / need/ require doing sth,表示被动;regret doing sth.对做过的某事表示后悔；regret to say,很抱歉的说like hate doing,经常性的,like/ hate to do,特定的某一次be/get used to doing习惯于做某事，used to do过去经常做某事be used to do被用来做can t help doing=can, t help but do 忍不住做某事 can t help （to）

17、 do 不 能帮助做某事Stop doing停止正在做着的某事;stop to do停下来做别的事情go on doing继续做原来做的事go on to do接着干别的事情forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something except, but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式,不用to,否则要 带toThere is nothing to do except till it stops snows. CA. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waitsShe can d

18、ance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）非谓语动词作表语1 .表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语 （表示某一次，如果主语中有do时，不定式省略to）2 .动名词作表语同进行时的区别动名词作表语时是说明主语的职责和功能等，和主语是对等关系，没有正在进行之意,而现在分词有正在进行之意如：My job is looking after the children, （looking 为动名词）He is looking

19、after the baby, （looking 为现在分词）3现在分词和过去分词作表语时相当于-ed形容词和-ing形容词。-ing形容词，令人。的；-ed形容词,令人感到。的，有被动意味。动词短语be/get used to doing习惯于做某事,used to do过去经常做某事be used to do被用来做canz t help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事 canz t help （to） do 不 能帮助做某事stop doing停止正在做着的某事；stop to do停下来做别的事情go on doing继续做原来做的事go on to do接

20、着干别的事情forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a.不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习 惯性的动作。如:is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk(分析)a good form暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选Bb.不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语，即用句型:It

21、is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) to do sth.Itz s important for us to learn English well.It s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It s no good / use doing sth.It s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较a、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：My job is teaching / to teach English, (teaching

22、/ to teach English 是 my job的内容)Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.(主表语要用同一种形式) b、分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的 性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise （使某人吃惊）， surprising （令人吃惊），surprised （主语）感到吃惊）类似动词有:excite （激动）, astonish （惊奇），shock （震惊），sea re （惊恐）z dis叩point 佚望），move （感动）， 如

23、：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.c、在 seem /叩pear （似乎，好像），prove /turn out （被证明是），remain （仍然是,尚待）等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed （to be） very happy.Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remainswhether they will enjoy it. （to be seen）不定式、动名词作宾语的比较1、只能接不定式的动词：a.（想要）want,

24、would like, would prefer, ask, demand, intend, desire,b.（希望）wish, hope, expect,c.（决定）agree, decide, manage, promise, choose, continue, plan, prepare, make up one s mind, try one s best, offer, apply,d.happen, learn, fail, pretend, refuse, afford2、只能接动名词的动词：suggest, advise健议）,finish, mind（介意）,enjoy （

25、喜欢）,appreciate （鉴 赏,感激），forbid 禁止）,avoid （避免）,can t help doing （忍不住），risk （冒 险），feel like （想要）,delay, put off （推迟）,give up （放弃）,be busy （忙 于）,be worth （值得）,practise （反复练习）,3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：remember to do 记得去做， remember doing 记得做过 forget to do 忘记去做,forget doing忘记做过了, regret to do遗憾去做，regret doingpr

26、actise（练习）,put off （推迟）,stop（停止），suggest （建议）等。如：I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。He avoided answering my questions.他避而不答我的问题。He considered going to see Paul in person. 他考虑亲自去 找保罗。Marys mother enjoys listening to music.玛丽的母亲喜欢听 音乐。The man kept looking at her.这个人不断地看她。Would you mind helping

27、me for a few minutes?您抽几分钟帮我个忙好吗？The doctor said I must give up smoking. 医生说我必须戒烟。考点2考查介词后接动词的用法 在通常情况下，在介词后接一个动词作宾语时，该动词要用动名词。如：How about going for a walk?出去散散步如何？The Swiss are clever at making watches.瑞士人善于制表。Excuse me for coming back. Doctor.医生, 原谅我又回来了。He left without paying his bill.他没有付账就走了。Wh

28、at did you do after leaving school?离开学校之后你干什 么了？Before going outl phoned Betty.出门之前我给贝蒂打了 一个后悔做过,try to do设法去做，try doing试着做,go on to do接着做另一件 事，go on doing继续做同一件事，mean to do打算做，mean doing意味着做,stop to do停下来去做，stop doing停止做,cant help (to) do不能帮助做,can t help doing忍不住做。如：In some parts of London, missing

29、 a bus means for anotherhour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting A4、表示未实现的愿望的动词，即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做这些动词 plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect,用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示。Would like / love 只用 would like to have done如:I would love to the party last night but I ha

30、d to work extrahours to finish the reportA. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone B5、要接动名词的几个句型prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing (阻止.做)spend / waste time / money in doing sth.在花费或浪费时间或钱 how about / what about doinghave some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做 有困难have a hard

31、/ good time in doing做.很艰难或做很愉快There is no sense / point in doing6、含介词to的短语look forward to 盼望，devote.to 致力于、献身于，be / get used to 习 惯于，lead to 导致，get down to 着手做，pay attention to 注意，refer to谈至I，所指,参考，equal to等于，能胜任，belong to属于如:Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some school for poor chil

32、dren.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up7、介词but （除了）后接不定式：如：have no choice but to do sth.没有别的选择 只好做但当but前有形为动词do时，but后的不定式省to.如：Sandy could do nothing but to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit A8 . permit / allow （允许）,advise （建议）,forbid （禁

33、止）,有两种用法:一 是后接动名词，二是后接sb. + to do sth9、need, want, require意为需要，主语是物时,用句型： need, want, require + doing （用动词ing主动形式表被动意义）to be done不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较1、不定式作宾语补足语，如:ask sb to do sth （sb作宾语,to do sth作宾补， 宾语+宾补二复合宾语）类彳以动词有：invite, tell, want, encourage, advise, order, requir, foce, beg, cause, allow,

34、permit, forbid（禁止）,warn（警告）,remind, teach, call on （号 召），depend on （指望），would like / love （想要）,prefer, wish, expect, （hope不带复合宾语）注:help sb （to） do sth.2、let / make / have sb do sth.但使役动词的被动语态常用：be made to do sth.注：get sb to do sth.也译成让某人做Though he had often made his little sister, today he was made

35、by his little sister.A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, notice句型：感官动词+ sb + do/doing/ done （分别表示全过程、正在发生、被 动完成）1） They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow A2） The missin

36、g boy was last seen near the river.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play A4、with的复合结构：with +宾+宾补。作宾补的词可以是：形容词、副词（in, out），介词短语，非谓语形式）。With的复合结构的宾补中的非谓语形式to do 表示将来z doing表示主动和进行,done表示被动和完成。The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be t

37、ied D. tied D5、have 句型:have sb do sth, have sb/ sth doing, have sb /sth done have sth done表示两种意义：请别人做,而不是主语做；意外事故引起的。如:He didn t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch.A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair B6、find + 宾语 + 宾补（doing / done ）, keep + 宾+doing, catch sb +

38、doing （撞见某人在做）,smell sb +doing （察觉到某人在做）He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of apassagesA. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting D7、表示认为的 think, believe, consider, judge 等,常用句型：think sb （to be ）+ adj. / n., be considered to have done sth.被认为已做了某事 8、make oneself understood

39、/ heard / known ,即用了过去分词作作宾补 9、句型 It is said / reported / thought / known that.可变成:sb / sth be said / reported to have done sth.如：Robert is said abroad, but I don t know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying A不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较1、不定式作目的、

40、原因、结果状语a.作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to doz in order to do, so as to do （不 用于句首）b.原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad,surpried, disappointed.不定式不放在句首。如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.C.结果：常用only to do.来表示未曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生 在谓语动作之后。另外 固定结构loo. to do, enough to do, so / such. as to do中，不定式

41、也作结果状语。d.在形容词后作状语，只用不定式 如：The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.)We find the lake safe to swim in.(注意尾介词)2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不 作目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词(if, unless, when, while, once (一旦)though, although )1)time, he II make a first-class tennis player.A. Having gi

42、ven B. To give C. Giving D. Given D2 ) I won t attend his wedding.A. unless invited B. if invited C. unless inviting三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较1、不定式作定语 常表示用要做和修饰the +序数词”。常用句型: have / there be. / with + 宾语 + to do分析：以I have homework to do.为例：不定式作定语有两种关系：a.主谓关系：I do homeworkb.动宾关系：to do与homework构成动宾关系注意：以 Jack,

43、do you have some clothes?A. to wash B. to be washed 为例：分析：(1 )动宾关系：wash clothes成立;(2 )主谓关系:You wash clothes 成立吗？根据句意，显然不是。这里的洗衣服是说话做,而不是句子的主语you. 所以只能用不定式的被动式，选Bo如：1) He gave me a book to read.2 ) There are five pairs/ but I m at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose

44、D. for choosing B (根据语境，可知是有五双可供选择，即从5中选1 ,而不是选5)3 ) There are always people to if you feel like a chat.A. talk to B. talk C. speak about D. speak A(to talk要与people构成动宾关系，要用短语talk to/ with sb)2、分词作定语：单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前，而分词短语常放在 后面。(1) They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.(

45、过去 分词表被动和完成)(2) I want to write about people addicted to drugs.比较：a sleeping boy (= a boy who is sleeping); a swimming pool (= a pool for swimming)falling leaves (leaves that are falling); fallen leaves (leaves that have fallen down)a developing country (发展中国家);a developed country (发达国家)3、to be done

46、, being done, done 作定语的区别这三个都表示被动，就是时间不同。To be done表将来,being done表同 时进行，done表完成。注意：having been done也表完成被动，但不用作定 语。2013年非谓语动词高考真题详解2013 北京】24. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found2【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处动词find与主语she为主动关系且作原因状语， 故用现在分词findi

47、ng。句意：（由于）她发现该课程很难，她就决定转到低一 水平的（课程）。2013 W匕京】29. When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked3【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词作宾补，动词block与see的宾语the road之间为被动关系,构成短语see sb/ sth doneo故选Do2013 福建】22.basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为Will help ,因此所选非谓语动词做主语, 故使用动名词，答案选C。2013 福建】32. Anyone, once positive for H7N9 flu virus, willreceive free medical treatment