定语从句的用法及考点讲义高三英语二轮复习.docx
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1、2023年高中英语语法定语从句的用法及考点一、定语从句关系词的用法与选择1 .关系词的用法关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代询主要有that, who. whom, whose, which, as 等,其中 who 和 whom 只用干指人,which 和as只用干指事物,whose和that既口生指人也可用于指物,它 们在定语从句可用作主语、宦语、表语或定语;关系副词主要有when, where和why,其中when表示时间,where表地点,why表原因,它 们在定语从句中均用作状语:A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞行的机器。 (tha
2、t植物,在从句中用作主语)I have forgotten everything that I learn t at school.我 把学校学的所有东西都给忘了。that植物,在从句中句作室语The man who lives in that house is my uncle. 住在刃B座房 子里的人是我叔叔。who指人,在从句中作主语The house whose windows are broken is empty.破了 窗户的刃E 座房子是空的。whose植物,在从句中作定语There are some students whose questions I cant answer.
3、 有 些学生提出的问题我回答不了。whose指人,在从句中作定语He is not such a fool as he looks,他并不像他看起来那么 傻。as指人,在从句作表语2 .关系词的选择选择关系词可考虑以下四点:(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which 等)。(2)二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分, 是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose, 有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why) o(3)三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语
4、从句还是非限制 性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。(4)四看文体,即分清是正式文体还是非正式文体,是书面语体 还是口语体。二、定语从句关系词省略关系词有时可以省略,但这只限于限制性定语从句中,在非限制 性定语从句中,关系词则不可省略。1 .关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who. whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语 或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。如:Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?Is there anything (which) you wanted?想要什么东西吗?Have
5、 you anything (which) youd like to sell? 你有什么东 西想卖吗?This was the worst film (that) he had ever seen.这是他所 看过的电影中最差的一部。That is the house (that) we built.这就是我们盖的房子。He is the kindest man (that) I have ever met, 他是我遇至U 过的最仁厚的人。It was the most worrying day (that) he had ever spent. 这 是他度过的最烦恼的日子。I wore th
6、e necklace (which) my grandmother(had) left me. 我戴着祖母留给我的项链。Its the only building (which) I ve ever seen which is made entirely of glass.这是我所见过的唯一的一座全部用玻璃造的建 筑物。Who is the man(that /who /whom) you were talking to? 冈! 才和你讲话的人是谁?You remember the boy (who) I was going out with?你记得 那个跟我约会的小伙子吗?真正爱过的只有这个
7、女人。2 .关系代词作表语时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。如:China is not the country (that) it was.中国已不是过去的 中国了。(that作表语)My son is not the boy (that) he used to be.我的儿子已不是过去的样子了。(that作表语)Can you remember the factory (that) it used to be?你还记得工厂原来的样子吗? that作表语When he came back, he found that his hometown was not the
8、 one that it had been,他回来的时候,发现家乡已不是原来的样子 了 o that作表语3 .关系代词作宾补时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时,可以省略。如:Im not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认 为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)4 .关系代词作主语时的省略一般说来,关系代词作主语时是不能省略的,但是在以下两种特 殊情况,也可省略。(1)当定语从句为there be结构时,作主语的that可以省略。 如:I ve told you all (that) there is to tell.该告诉的我
9、都 告诉你了。It was the only cotton mill (that) there was then.那时它 是唯一的一家棉纺织厂。(2)当主句为there be结构时,在定语从句中作主语的that, which, who有时可省略。如:Theres a gentleman (who) wants to see you. 有一位先生要见您。(3)当主句为it is, here is结构时,在定语从句中作主语的 that有时可省略。如:Heres a little book (that) will tell you how to raise roses. 这是一本关于玫瑰花栽培的小册
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