英语过去分词用法总结.docx

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1、过去分词用法总结：过去分词作表语作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，强调主谓关系。这种结 构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种，表示不同的 意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系，绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可 以用by短语来表示。（1）过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异： The store is now closed .（系表）The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m.（被动） The novel is well written .（系表）The novel is written by LuXu

2、n .（被动）某些过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主 语多半是人。这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词：delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect.这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词，其中很多可以被very修饰.A. On hearing the good news everyone was very e

3、xcited .B. We are very pleased at the news .需要注意的地方：1 .多数情况下，如果主语是人，表语使用过去分词，；如果主语是事或物，表 语使用现在分词。但事实上，当表示主语处于某种状态中，即“感到/觉得、”, 表语要使用过去分词时，所以有时主语是物时也可；而要表示主语“具有令人/使 别人感到的特征/性质”，表语使用现在分词，包括有时主语是人时也行。He is terrifying他很吓人。（指他的长相或举动令人害怕）。He is teirified.他很害怕。Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊

4、恐的狗（狗受到了惊吓）。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。2 . get done也可构成被动语态，在意义上接近于be done .例如：He right hand got burnt in that big fire.他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了。She got murdered last year.去年她被人谋杀 了。get done表状态练习：1. What angame ! Im really at it.A. excited, excitingB. exciting, excitedC. excited, ex

5、citingD. exciting, exciting2. The ground is with the leaves .A. covering, fallingB. covered, fallingC. covered, fallenD. covering, fallen3. We are all to see that child .A. pleasing, smiledB. pleasing, smilingC. pleased, smilingD. pleased, smiling4. He got about losing the money.A. worriedB. worryin

6、g5. There was an look on his face when the actress appeared.A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. Excitement6. After the heavy rain, many cars got in the mud.A. catchB. catching C. caught D. being caught7. When I went in, they were in a heated discussion.A. absorb B. Absorbed C. absorbing D. being abs

7、orbed8. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got.A. killB. killingC. killedD. to be killed过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。单个过去分词(及物动词和不及物动词)，作定语时大都放在被修饰的词语 之前，过去分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词语之后，它的作用相当于一个定 语从句。如：Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health.The injured workers are now bei

8、ng taken good care of in the hospital.Is this the book bought by the teacher?All the broken windows (=A11 the windows that were broken) have been repaired.In autumn there are many fallen leaves (=many leaves that have fallen) on the ground.注意：1 .某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语.例如：There is no time left.2 .如果被修饰

9、的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或 指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后 面。Is there anything unsolved?还有没解决的问题吗？There is noting changed here since I left this town.仿照以上例句转换下列句子1. The book which was written in 1957 tells the life of the farmers.2. Most of the people who were invited to t

10、he conference were my old friends.Exercises in class:1. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists .A. invited B. to invited C. being invited D. inviting2. The computer centers ,last year , is very popular among the students in this school .D. usesD. followedD. to be catchingD. to knockA

11、. to use B. usedC. using3. Jones and Smith came in ,by their wives.A. following B. to follow C. and followed4.1 don*t know the girl in the snow storm.A. to catch B. caughtC. catching5. The girl down by a car was dying.A. knockB. knocking C. knockedcame out of the hall.D. to be followed6. The foreign

12、 guests, by an interpreter, A. following B. to follow C. followed7. The problem so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere.A. having been settled B. Settle C. be settled D. settled8. The children at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.A. to examineB. examinedC. examineD. examining9

13、. The managers will again discuss the plan last week.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out10. There have been several new events to the program for the 2008Beijing Olympic Games. 2006 年)匕京卷A. addB. to addC. addingD. added过去分词作宾补He cant make himself understood by us.I heard the son

14、g sung in EnglishI wish my homework (to be) finished before five oclock.过去分词作为宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:1 .表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等.I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化彳艮大.2 .表示致使意义的

15、动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.Hl have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发.He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了 .Don*t leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完.3 .表示思维活动的动词如consider, know, think等后。如：I consider the matter settled.我认为这件事解决了。I thought myself misunderstood somehow in the talk.4 .表示爱憎?意愿的

16、动词如want,wish, like, hate等后。I wanted two tickets reserved.我要预定两张机票。He didn,t wish it mentioned.他不愿这事被提起。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.特殊：5 . with +宾语+过去分词”的结构（独立主格结构）(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进 来了，他的双手被绑在背后.(2) With water heated, we can see the steam.水一被

17、加热，我们就会看到水蒸气.(3) With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了.(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注 视着他(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿.注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体 部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。例如：（二）、作宾语补足语的过

18、去分词与宾语之间的关系1 .及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻 辑上的被动关系。I want the letter posted.我想把这封信寄出去。He had his money stolen o2 .少数不及物动词如go, change, fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动 作完成，不存在逻辑上的被动关系。She found her necklace gone on her way home.在回家的路上她发现项链不见了。He had his leg broken.3 .动词seat, hide, dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般不表示被

19、动的意义，相 当于表语。因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去 分词作宾语补足语。When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.练习：1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out2. Mr.Brown was very disappointed to see the washing

20、machine she had had went wrong again.A.itB.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired3. In the past few years,wc have had thousands of trees around our school.A.plantB.plantedC.planting D.being planted4. She was glad to see her child well care of.A.takeB.to be takenC.takenD. To take5. He found them at

21、a table.A.sat; to play chessB.sitting; to play chessC.seated; playing chess D.seat; play the chess8.1 can make you what I say,but you cant make yourself in English.A.understand; understandB.understand; understoodC.to understand; understandD.understand; to be understood9. The girl asked him not to le

22、ave the door.A.to closeB.closedC.to be closed D.closing10.1 have often heard thenABC Song, but I have never heard Alice it.A.to be sung;to singB.being sung;sangC.sung;singD.sang;singing11.1 have had my bike, and Im going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.A.repair;to repairB.repairing;to be repaired

23、C.repaired;repairD.to repair;repairing *过去分词作为状语一、过去分词作状语所表示的意义（1）过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在 被动关系。the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. （2009 江西卷）A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given（2）有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去

24、分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；dressed in（穿 着），stationed （驻扎）;lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）;born （出身于）;tired of （厌烦）.。 由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法,如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed 等。Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do.汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。Lost / Absorbed in deep th

25、ought, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音.【高考链接21and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. （2009 浙江卷）A. To be triedB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired B过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系（此时应注意人称一致）-1. Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.种在肥沃的土壤里，这些

26、种子 能长得很快。2. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in ahurry. （2009 福建卷）A. RemindingC. To remindB. RemindedD. Having reminded3. Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. （given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I,即I被再给一个小时.)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks mo

27、re beautiful to us. （seen 为过去分词作状语，表“被看”,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是”我们，因为“我们”应 主动看城市.)4. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了重点: 分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取 决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去 分词。比较：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful, （our city 与 see 之间是被动关系） Seeing from

28、the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. （ we 与 see 之间是主谓关系） 二过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面, 前面有逗号与主句隔开.He stood there silently, moved to tears.=Moved to tears, he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶.三 过去分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致。如果过去分词 作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻 辑主语

29、的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构。如：More time given to us, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons day.（2007 重庆卷）A. finishingC. had finishedB. finishedD. were finishedSignal given, the bus started.信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal是given的逻辑主语,

30、因此主句主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语.Head held high, she went by.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head是held high的逻辑主语，因此主句 主语she就不再是held high的逻辑主语.)四改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成”连词+过去分词“结构作状语. 根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be时可省略从句主语和动词be的 原则，可把状语从句变换为“连词+过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ alth

31、ough 等：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.I wont attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited).除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。Every evening after dinner, if notfrom work, I will spend some timewalking my dog.(2009湖南卷)A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be ti

32、red练习题：1 .more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.2. The computer center,last year, is very popular among the students in this schoolA. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened3. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language c

33、ame outin the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be written C. being writtenD. written4.such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered5. The researcher is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it.A. begi

34、nsB.having begunC. beginningD. begun6.in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was founded C. FoundedD. Founding7. When, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed8. Prices o

35、f daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying9. Unless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. inviting C. being invited D. having invited10. Mr. Smith,of the speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; bored C. tired; boredD. tiring; boring11. time, he 11 make a first-class tennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given