高考英语一轮复习语法不定式用法及考点讲义.docx

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1、2023年高考英语语法不定式用法及考点一、不定式一般式的三种用法1、表示将来即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。如：We decided to leave early.我们决定早点动身。I hope to finish reading the book tonight. 我希望今晚看 完这本书。I should like to give him a chance.我愿意给他一个机会。He asked me to buy him some paper.他叫我给他买些纸。We expect him to come in time.我们希望他能及时来。2、表示同时表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作。如：He

2、seems to be tired.他似乎累了。注：以下用作宾语补足语的不定式省略了 to：Who heard him say that?是谁听到他这样说的？Did you notice me pause?你注没注意我停顿了 一下？3、表示过去表示略先于谓语动作的动作。如:Im sorry to hear that.听到这事我很难过。（to hear略先 于 am sorry）Helen was pleased to see him.海伦见到他很高兴。Im happy to meet you at last.我很高兴我终于碰到了你。Im glad to see you looking so h

3、appy.我很高兴看到你显得这样快活。二、不定式被动式的用法1、基本形式不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done；若表示动作先于另一动作之前，则用完成式，即to have been done。2、用法归纳不定式被动式在句中可以用作:1 .主语。如:It s a great honour to be invited to the banquet.承蒙邀请赴宴，甚是荣幸。To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a goodtiring.被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。It s a pity to be kept in the hous

4、e in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。2 .表语。如:All this is to be sold.所有这些都是出售的。Water must be pure if it is to be drunk.水如供饮用必须 净化。The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候电 话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。3 .宾语。如：She doesn t want to be separated from him.她不愿和他分 开。He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil.他恳求允

5、许他 返回巴西。I don t wish to be disturbed in my work.在工作时我不愿 意被人打扰。They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们 要求出示真实可靠的文件。4 .定语。如：I made notes of the things to be mended. 我t已下了 需要修 补的东西。The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to behired.黑人是最先被解雇，最后被雇用。5 .状语。如：He asked to be kept info

6、rmed about developments. 他要求 随时向他报告发展情况。As she waited to be served, she became very impatient.她 在等候侍者送饭时，很不耐烦。She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday.她到达那里，被告知他们度假去了。6 .宾语补足语。如：He did not like his intention to be laughed at.他不喜欢 自己的意图受到嘲笑。He ordered the goods to be sent by air.他命

7、令把货物空运。7 .主语补足语。如：The court was ordered to be cleared.有命令要关闭法庭。The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 不 许将书携出室外。8.用在“for+名（代）词+不定式”结构中。如：It s an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我彳艮荣 幸被邀在这里讲话。It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 有必要让他对此有所准备。It s impossible for the

8、 job to be finished in time.这 项任务要按时完成是不可能的。The note was a simple request for a porter to be sent to room 201.这个字条就是请指派一个搬运工到201室去。Can you arrange for the gold to be delivered on Monday? 你 能不能安排一下周一把金子送到？三、不定式完成式的用法1、表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作：He seems to have caught a cold.他似乎感冒了。I hate to have quarreled with

9、her.我后悔和她吵架了。I believe it to have been a mistake.我相信这是一个错误。You appear to have travelled quite a lot.你似乎作过多次 旅行。I m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起给了 你这么多麻烦。It s said to have been built in the Ming dynasty. 据说 它是明朝修建的。/2、表示在某个给定的时间之前已完成的动作：I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前

10、已完成这项工作。3、表示过去未曾实现的想法和愿望：I should like to have come earlier.我本想早点来的。We were to have been married last year.我们本来打算去年 结婚的。四、不定式否定式的用法说明1、不定式的否定式的构成通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前，即构成not to do 或never to do的形式，注意not和never 一定要放在不定式符号 to的前面，而不是其后面：The doctor advised me not to smoke.医生劝我不要抽烟。It s politically short

11、-sighted not to do so. 不这样做在 政治上是短视的。He strongly advised me not to do so.他使劲劝我别这样做。Take care not to break it.小心别把它打破了。Be careful not to break anything.当心别打破什么了。She had sense enough not to say anything about it. 她有 足够的头脑不提此事。Father warned me never to drive after drinking. 父亲警告我不要酒后开车。Visitors are req

12、uested not to touch the exhibits. 参观的 人请勿触摸展品。【注意】若不定式为完成式和被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之 刖：She pretended not to have seen him.她假装没看见他。It is nice not to be dependent on others. 不依靠别人是好 的。You were silly not to have locked your car.你没锁车太傻 To2、so as to do sth 和 in order to do sth 的否定式对于这两个结构的否定式，通常是将否定词置于不定式符号t。 之前，而

13、不是置于整个结构之前或其他位置：Study hard so as not to fail the exam.努力学习，以免考 试不及格。He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻 进来，以免把他妻子吵醒。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.进去时不要出声, 以免把宝宝吵醒。Take every precaution so as not to catch cold. 采取一切预防措施以免感冒。We keep the window shut in order not to let the flies in.我们把窗子关着以免苍蝇进来。They hid themselves in the cave in order not to be seen by the enemy.他们躲在洞穴里以免被敌人发现。Please reply at once in order not to lose this opportunity of a lower price.请立即回复，以免失去这次低价的机会。They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints.他们一定戴上了手套，以防留下指纹。