非谓语动词（一）动词todo形式讲义高考英语一轮复习.docx

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1、非谓语动词（一）一动词todo形式链接高考：1. （2023年高考英语全国甲卷） Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer.2. （2023年高考英语全国新高考I卷）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.3. （2023年高考英语全国新高考

2、H卷）To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined.4. （2023年高考英语全国新高考H卷） I promised to take care of Tiffy and them as soon as we got to Kansas City.5. （2023年高考英语全国乙 卷） years later, sh

3、e was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.6. （2023年高考英语全国乙 卷） I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.动词不定式：动词不定式由、to+动词原形构成，如：to study, to play ,动词不定式虽然不能 作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不 定式短语

4、，如：to study hard, to play table tenniso1.动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动to taketo have takento be takingto have been tak ing被动to be takento have been taken2.动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：（1）作主语：To help others is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形 式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句

5、末，如：It is good to help others.(2 )作表语：My job is to teach them English.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表 语，与表示将来时的be +动词不定式结构有所区别，如：The government plan is to set up another middle school for the v川age children.政府的计划是给山区再成立一所 中学。(句中的谓语动词为is ,动词不定式to set up.为表语，主语为plan，但plan 并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan 产

6、生的。)(3 )作宾语:作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.;作 某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure 等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.;动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑 问词时，就可作介词的宾语,如：Can you give them some advice on what to do next?(4 )作宾语补足

7、语,如：Tell the children not to play on the street,如果句中的 谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式 须将 to 省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.(5 )动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而 将该动词不定式后置，如：I dont think it right to do it that way.(6 )作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is th

8、is the best way to help him?和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面 就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on.如果被不定式修饰的名词为 place, time, way ,不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去,如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(7 )作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加 in order

9、 to或so as to (以便或为了)，但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而 so as to 不能位于句首，如:She reads China Daily every day in order to ( so as to ) improve her English.将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it.结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。too

10、 +形 容词或副词+动词不定式，表示足能的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3 .复合结构不定式：由for +名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构 的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这 种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语 的性质或特征时，就用介词Of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，

11、这些形容词一般有 good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite 等,如: It is very kind of you to help him every day.4 .疑问词+动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语, 在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5 .动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not +动词不定式构成，如： Its

12、wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6 .动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：(1 ) 一般式：动词不定式一般式所 表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所 表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后)， They often watch us play table tennis.(同时);(2 )完成式:动词不定式完成式所 表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting. (

13、 3 )进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词 所表示的动作同时发生 , 如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7 .动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.随堂练习1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could( enter

14、) a good college2. He ran as fast as he could ( hope ) to catch the early bus,3. Before going abroad he devoted all he could(improve) his oral English.4. Both of my parents insisted a computer for me, but I dont think it isnecessary.5. The boss insisted that every minute be made full use of(do) the

15、work well6. She looks forward every spring to(pay) a visit the flower-lined garden.7,( test) eggs, put them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good.8?Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” (get )enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.9 What d

16、o you think about English? Its a difficult language(speak)10?How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? The key(solve) the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers/71分析：其实正确答案应是to entero此句为省略句,即在could后省略了动词do , 若把句子补完整应为 Everyone in our class was working

17、hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college0即句中的不定式短语（to enter a good college ）是 用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词（could ） 一起构成谓语。2.分析：此题的答案是hoping ,其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus3,分析此题答案to improving ,注意两点：一是devote . to .是固定搭配，意为 把贡献给；二是其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。 伴随状语。4 .分析：答案on buying。其实,动词ins

18、ist后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为 insist通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on或upon ,即用于 insist on （ doing ） sth ;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词5 .分析：答案to do ,是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则 是.should make full use of every minute to do the work well,句中涉及 make use of . to do sth （利用做某事）这一结构。另外,还有make the most of （尽量利 用），make the best of （尽量利用）等短语也可能用于此类试题。6分析：答.案paying look forward to意为期盼，其中to是介词，后接动词要用动 名词。7 .分析：答,案to test,句首to test eggs为目的状语。8分析:答.案 to get .to get enough protein and nutrition 表目的。9 .分析:答案 to speak 句型 Its + adj /n +to do10 .答,案to solving the key to.意为”的关键，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符 号，若后接动词要用动名词。