英语四级短文翻译技巧.docx

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1、英语四级短文翻译技巧英语四级短文翻译技巧篇一翻译的原则是“信”、“达”、“雅”三原则，但在四级考试中，对汉语没有 很高的要求，所以我们只要做到“信”和“达”就可以了。做英语四级翻译时，要翻译好长句，有的同学在考试时，看到长句就发懵，无 从下手不知道该怎么办。在解决长句翻译的时候，先找出主干结构，翻译好主干 后，再翻译修饰部分，最后整合好按照正确语法顺序连在一起。注意时态的转变和固定搭配。这些细节性问题更是提分的关键，一定要选择正确的时态并随着时态修改be 动词、动词的过去式、过去分词、进行时等等。还有对固定搭配的运用，注意固定 搭配中的介词的正确运用，是提分的重点。英语四级短文翻译技巧篇二1

2、.增词为了充分传达原文含义，必须增补词语，以求达意。北京是中国的政治、文化中心。这里你可以游览万里长城、故宫、颐和园等。beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: the great wall, the forbidden city, the summer palace etco我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。i don, t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in englisho虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。modest

3、y helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes on lag behindo2 .减词：汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞手段有两种作用。一 是为了强调，重复表达一个意思，或增添修饰语，加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭 配，或平衡节奏，增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或句式，到了英 语里要么不合逻辑，要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！让我们张开双臂，热烈 拥抱这个春天吧！ let us stretch out our arms to embrace the sprin

4、g, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science。见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。the sight of his native place called back his childhood, 他连续讲了 两小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。he has been speaking in french for two hours without any mistakeso长嗟短叹sighing deeply发号施令一一-issue orders土崩瓦解fall apart两面三刀two-faced tactics

5、3 .词类转换词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，尤其是名词、动词、形容 词这三种最主要的词类。eg.他的演讲给我们的印象很深。his speech impressed us deeply.（名词变动词）eg.你说他傻不傻？don t you think he is an idiot （形容词变名词）英语四级段落翻译技巧4 .语态转换在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态。在英语中被动语态的使用频率 要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译，会使译文显得十分别扭。这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。the little boy was hurt on his way home

6、 from schoolo门锁好了。the door has been locked up。新教材在印刷中。new textbooks are being printed。5 .分译&合译（按内容层次分译）分译：需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的.复句。这种句子如果 译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如 果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。youth will soon be gone, never to return, and it will be too late for you t

7、o go into scholarship when in your declining yearso她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank, in it there was a boatman fast asleep合译：相较于汉语而言，英语长句多，因此在翻译中，要把汉语的两个或多个句子合 译为英语的一句，使译文紧凑、简练。对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。to me my aquarium i

8、s like my own little kingdom where i am kingo第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详 细。the following day i received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more detailso6 .正、反表达翻译1 .汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达他提出的论据相当不充实。the argument he put forward is pretty thin。他七十岁了，可是并不显老。he was 70, but he carried his y

9、ears lightly。11 .汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达她来得正是时候。she couldn t have come at a better time。对于汉译英，你越细心越好。you can never be too careful about chinese-english translation。12 变序从译文的行文上考虑，有时需要对原文的词序作一番调整，以适应英文的修辞 习惯，或者为了避免因结构而产生的歧义。例：到西安你可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。unique local creations are available in xi an, such as the three col

10、ored glazed pottery of the tang dynasty and terra-cotta figureso（“兵马俑”和“唐三彩”在译文中变换了位置，是为了避免。f the tang dynastyn在结构上产生歧义。）英语四级短文翻译技巧篇三1 .改变词类(Conversion)。英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少，充当不同成 分时常常要改变词类。Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetesoThis issue is of paramount importanceoRationing by points is over and

11、rationing by the purse is in。Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea” .(1990. 1)2 .选词用字(Diction)。Before Hugo could protest, he and the others were led away.(抗议一 分辩)Put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and

12、let it stand.(稍等片刻再喝)It s a crime you didn t finish school.(憾事)3 .词序调整(Inversion)。一个句子中词和分句的顺序，英汉两种语言往往 不同。如表示时间和地点，英语常常是先小后大，而汉语是先大后小。His address is 3612 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19001, USA。Don, t hesitate to come when you need helpoblack and white TV, iron and steel company4 .省略(Omission)。Y

13、ou cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you don t know how to make a design or how to read itoIt took him a long time to reach the bottom and to couch behind a little dwarf palm。5,增词(Amplification)。英语中没有量词，助词，翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些英语的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。I could knit when I was seven0In general, the

14、 “higher up“ the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. (1993. 6)-Walking past the Garden of Eden, Adam s son asked his father, “Who owns that large estate?”- That s where your mother and I used to live, “ replied Adam, ubefore she ate us out of house

15、and home. ”6 .重复(Repetition)。Practically every river has an upper, a middle and a lower part. 上 游，中游，下游If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutralo7 .译反译法(Negation)The Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people set on it.(辜负)Sudd

16、enly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage.(还有别人)If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. (1993. 1)8 .译法(Division)。英语长句多，为了符合汉语表达习惯，可将英语长句拆 成短句。It was a real challenge th

17、at those who had learned from us now excelled us。It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security。Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. (1993. 6)Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example by cheating, has to appear before a student courto