初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 2 Section B预习指导（知识点+练习题）.doc

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1、八年级英语下册 Unit 2 Section B预习指导一、知识点1.Run out of sth. 用光某物Sth.run out . 某物用光了Eg: She runs out of the ink.她用光了墨水。The ink runs out.墨水用光了。2.Take after . “（外貌或性格）像.”（血缘关系）Look like “看起来像.”（外表）Eg: She takes after her mother. 她像她的妈妈。She looks like that star.她看起来像那个明星。3.Fix .up 修理.Repair、fix与mend区别：Repair通常指对

2、损坏或不完全运作的物品进行大规模修复fix通常指对某个物体进行调整和安装的过程使其保持固定的状态mend通常指对较小规模或结构进行简单的修补或修复Eg: Lets fix this machine up.让我们修理一下这台机器吧。Can you repair it?你能修理它吗？4.Give away 分发Give up 放弃Give in 投降、让步Give back 归还Give out 分发；散发Give off 放出；发出Give ab.a hand 给予帮助Eg: Please give them away.请把他们分发一下。5.Not.any more = no more “不再”

3、Not .any longer = no longer 不再Eg: She isnt a child any more.= She is no more a child.她不再是个孩子。6.Be similar to. “与.相似”Be similar in . 在.方面相似Eg: This book is similar to that one.这本书和那本书相似。7.Keep (动词) “保存；保持；持续”Keep sth. 保存某物Keep + 形容词 “保持某种状态”Keep doing sth. 一直做某事Eg: Please keep this book.请保存这本书。Please

4、 keep quiet.请保持安静。Please keep studying hard.请一直努力学习。8.Broken (形容词) “破损的”- break (动词） “打破；损坏”（名词）“休息”Eg: Broken cup 破杯子Please dont break this vase.请不要打破这个花瓶。Have a break. 休息一下。9.Letter (名词) “字母”；“信”常见搭配：capital letter 大写字母Small letter 小写字母Write a letter to sb.= write to sb. 给某人写信Receive a letter from

5、 sb.= hear from sb. 收到某人来信Eg: Can you write a letter to me?你能给我写封信吗？10.Would like to do sth. 想要做某事 注意：其中would为情态动词。Eg: I would like to be an actor.我想成为一名演员。11.Thank you for + 名词/代词/doing sth “为.而表示感谢”Eg: Thank you for inviting me.谢谢你帮我。12.Give sth.to sb.= give sb.sth. 给某人某物Eg: Please give me a book.

6、= Please give a book to me.请给我一本书。13.Be sure + that从句= be sure to do sth.“确信.”Be sure about sth. “对某事确信”Eg: Im sure that I will pass the exam.= Im sure to pass the exam.我确信通过考试。14.Set up “建立；设立”Eg: They set up a music club.他们建立了一个英语俱乐部。15.Disabled people = the disabled “残疾人”The + 形容词 “表示一类人”Eg: the

7、old 老人；the young 年轻人the blind 盲人；the deaf 聋子16.Help (名词/动词) “帮助”常用搭配：help sb.(to) do sth.= help sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事With the help of . 在.帮助下Help oneself to sth. 随便吃.Cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事Eg: Can you help me learn English? = Can you help me with English?你能帮我学英语吗？He made great progress with the h

8、elp of his teacher.在老师的帮助下，他取得了很大进步。Please help yourself to some bread.请随便吃些面包。The girl cant help crying when she heard the news.听到这个消息时，那个女孩情不自禁地哭了。17.Possible (形容词) “可能的” - impossible (形容词) “不可能的”Eg: Nothing is impossible.一切皆有可能。18.Make it + 形容词 + for sb.+ to do sth.“使某人做某事是.的”注意：it为形式宾语，to do才是真正

9、的宾语Eg: Working hard made it possible for me to win the first prize.努力工作使我有可能获得一等奖。19.Luck (名词) “幸运”派生词：lucky (形容词） “幸运的”；luckily (副词) “幸运地”；unlucky (形容词) “不幸的”； unluckily (副词) “不行地”Eg: Lucky makes a big difference to my life.运气对我的生活造成了影响。20.Make a big difference to. “对.有影响”Make no difference to . “对

10、.没影响”Eg: Lucky makes a big difference to my life.运气对我的生活造成了影响。21.Tell a story 讲故事Eg: She often tells a story to her daughter.她经常给她女儿讲故事。22.Imagine (动词) “想象” - imagination (名词) “想象”Imagine (sb.) doing sth.想象(某人)做某事Eg: Please imagine you flying like a bird.请想象一下你想鸟儿一样飞。23.Use sth.to do sth. 使用某物做某事Eg:

11、 I use this pen to write.我用这个钢笔写字。24.Have a difficulty with sth./ (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”Difficulty (名词) “困难” - difficult (形容词) “困难的”Be difficult for sb. 对某人来说很难。Eg: I have a difficulty (in) learning English.我学英语有困难。It is difficult for you.这对你来说很难。25.Normal things like doing sth. 像做.的正常事Eg: normal t

12、hings like answering the telephone像接电话这类平常事26.Answer the telephone 接电话27.A friend of mine = one of my friends “我的一个朋友”该句为双重所有格Eg: She is a friend of mine.她是我的一个朋友。28.Help me out 帮某人摆脱困境Eg: Please help me out.请帮我摆脱困境。29.Train (名词) “火车” (动词) “训练”- training (名词) “训练”- trained (形容词) 受过训练的常见搭配：train sb.i

13、n sth. 在某方面训练某人Train sb.to do sth. 训练某人做某事Eg: She trained this dog to help people.她训练这条狗去帮助人们。30.Cheer sb.up 使某人振奋 Eg: Please cheer her up.请让她振奋起来吧。31.Be excited about sth. 对某事感兴奋Be excited to do sth. 对做某事感兴奋Exciting (形容词) “令人兴奋的”修饰物Excited (形容词) “感到兴奋的”修饰人Eg: Im excited about this movie.我对这部电影感兴奋。S

14、he is excited to visit China.她对参观中国很兴奋。32.Be able to do sth.= can do sth. “能做某事”Eg: The little girl is able to look after herself.= The little girl can look after herself.这个小女孩可以照顾自己。33.Carry 拿；提；扛Bring 带来；拿来Take 带走；拿走Eg: Please bring him home.请把他带回家。34.Feel lucky to do sth. 对做某事感到幸运Eg: He feels luc

15、ky to take part in the meeting.他感到很幸运参加这个会议。35.Because of + 短语Because + 句子Eg: The meeting is put off because of the weather.会议因为天气被推迟了。I passed the exam because I worked hard.因为努力学习，我通过了考试。36.Kind (形容词) “善良的”- kindness (名词) “善良”Eg: We like him because of his kindness.我们喜欢他因为他的善良。37.Give sb.orders 给某

16、人下命令Order (名词) “命令；顺序”(动词) “命令；订购”常见搭配：in order to . 为了Eg: I got up early in order to catch the first bus.为了赶头班车我早早起床。38.For example “例如”一般用于列举同一类人或事物中的一个例子such as “例如”一般用于列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，但必须少于前面总数。Eg: I like fruit, for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.我喜欢水果，例如，我经常晚上吃香蕉。He knows several la

17、nguages, such as English and Chinese.他直到几种语言，例如英语和中文。39.At once = right now = right away 立刻Eg: Please leave at once.请立刻离开。40.Send sb.sth.= send sth.to sb. “送给某人某物”Eg: Tony sent me a book.= Tony sent a book to me.托尼送给我一本书。41.A photo of . .的照片Eg: a photo of my family 全家福42.Show (动词) “展示” (名词) “展览”常见搭配

18、：show sb.sth.= show sth.to sb. 给某人看某物Eg: Please show me that photo.= Please show that photo to me.请给我看看那张照片。Magic show. 魔术表演。43.Change (动词) “改变”Change ones life 改变某人的生活Change ones mind 改变某人的主意Change.into.把.变成Eg: The magician changed the girl into a bird.魔术师把那个女孩变成一只鸟。44.Best wishes 最好的祝福45.Guide (名词

19、) “导游” (动词) “指导”Guide sb.to + 地点 “引导某人去.”Eg: Guide me to the bookstore.带我去书店。46.Interest (名词) “兴趣”- Interesting (形容词) “有趣的”（修饰物）- interested (形容词) “感兴趣的”（修饰人）常见搭配：take an interest in sth.= be interested in (doing) sth.对（做）某事感兴趣Lose interest in . 对.失去兴趣A place of interest 名胜古迹Eg: Mike takes an intere

20、st in this book.= Mike is interested in this book.马克对这本书感兴趣。47.Be free to do sth. 有空做某事Eg: She is free to watch this movie.她有空看这部电影。48.Be strong in = be good at = do well in “擅长.”Eg: She is strong in English.她擅长英语。49.In ones free time 在某人的空闲时间Eg: She often reads books in her free time.她在空闲时间经常读书。二、练

21、习题一、短语互译1.Run out of . _2.修理 _3.Give away _4.建立 _5.Answer the telephone _二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词1.The poor b_ man cant see anything.2.The old man cant hear you because he is _ (聋的).3.My alarm clock doesnt work.Who can help me r_ it?4.I cant _ (想象) what the future life is like.5.I wrote some l_ to you.三、

22、用所给词的适当形式填空1.This is a _ (train) dog.It is very lucky.2.If you have some _ (difficult) in learning English, you should ask your teacher for help.3.More and more people are _ (interest) in reading books.4.He is free _ (visit) his grandparents.5.She feels _ (luck) to take part in this meeting.四、单项选择(

23、)1.They need money to _ a special school for disabled children.A.ask for B.think up C.set up D.put off( )2.They are helping _ food to the poor.A.give out B.give away C.give up D.give off( )3.They are really _ about this _ news.A.exciting; exciting B.exciting; excitedC.excited; excited D.excited; exc

24、iting( )4.Mike _ his father, because they are both handsome.A.looks after B.looks atC.takes after D.looks up( )5.The Internet makes _ possible for everyone _ education anywhere and anytime.A.it; to get B.this; to get C.it; getting D.this; getting( )6.The meeting is put off _ bad weather.A.when B.unt

25、il C.because of D.because( )7.My computer doesnt work.Could you please help me _?A.fix up it B.fix it up C.fix them up D.fix up them( )8.Our milk _.Lets go to supermarket and buy some.A.is run out B.is run out of C.runs out D.runs out of( )9.She is _ flowers.A.interested to planting B.interesting in

26、 plantingC.interested in planting D.interesting to plant( )10._, he passed the exam.A.Luck B.Lucky C.Luckily D.Unlucky五、句型转化1.He has worked in this school for five years.(就划线部分提问)_ _ has he _ in this school?2.She didnt live here any more.(改为同义句)She _ _ live here.3.She can look after herself.(改为同义句)S

27、he _ _ _ look after herself.4.谢谢你来看我。(译成英语)_ _ _ _ me.5.这是一张我的全家福。 This is _ _ _ _ _.六、阅读理解Llamas (美洲鸵) are four - legged animals that live in the mountains of South America.The people that live in these mountains have used llamas for thousands of years.Llamas are useful in many ways.Male (雄性的) llam

28、as carry heavy bags up and down the mountains.An adult male llama can carry things which are as heavy as 100 pounds (磅) for 12 hours at a time.Female (雌性的) llamas provide milk for the local people.Llamas are sturdy animals.They can go for days without drinking water.They can stay alive for a long ti

29、me because they get enough water from the plants they eat.( )1.Male llamas are animals that _.A.can provide lots of milk B.mainly live in South AfricaC.can carry heavy things D.dont like to be with people( )2.In this passage, the word “sturdy” means “_” in Chinese.A.弱小的 B.好笑的 C.顽强的 D.固执的( )3.What is

30、 the main idea of this passage?A.Llamas are very useful animals.B.It is easy to take care of llamas.C.People can drink llamas milk.D.Llamas are as clever as men.( )4.The readers can know from the passage that an adult male llama is _.A.strong B.clean C.friendly D.fast( )5.Llamas can go for days with

31、out drinking water because _.A.they dont like drinking waterB.they eat very littleC.they eat plants that have lots of waterD.they dont need much water附：参考答案一、1.用光2.fix.up3.分发4.set up5.接电话二、1.blind 2.deaf 3.repair 4.imagine 5.letter三、1.trained 2 .difficulties 3.interested 4.to visit 5.lucky四、1 - 5 CBDCA 6 - 10 CBCCC五、1.How long; worked2.no more3.is able to4.Thank you for visiting5.a photo of my family六、 1 - 5 CCAAC9