初中英语外研版八年级下册M3U1预习指导（知识点+练习题）.doc

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1、八年级英语下册 M3U1预习指导一、知识点1.journey to space = space travel 太空旅行2.Earth (名词) “土壤；地球”常见搭配：on the earth 在地球上Eg: There are lots of animals on the earth.地球上有许多动物。3.Land (名词) “土壤；地面” (动词) “着陆”常见搭配：land on 着陆Eg: A proportion of the land is used for agriculture.一部分土地作农用。4.Reach + 地点 get to + 地点 = arrive in 大地点/

2、 arrive at 小地点 “到达某地”Eg: We will reach Beijing tomorrow.= We will get to Beijing tomorrow.= We will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.我们明天到北京。注意：当后面接home/here/there时需省略介词Eg: She arrived home at 9:00.她九点到家。5.scientist (n.) 科学家- science (n.) 科学Eg: She is a famous scientist.她是一个著名的科学家。6.The trip to . 去.的旅行Jou

3、rney, trip, travel与tour区别：journey着重指“长距离的、陆上的旅行”Trip 指“任何方式的短途旅行”travel泛指旅行的过程，尤指出国旅行tour常指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”Eg: the trip to Mars 去火星的旅行7.send back 发回send sth.to + 地点 把某物送到某地Eg: Lily sends the books to the school.丽丽把书送到学校。send sb.sth.= send sth.to sb. 把某物送给某人Eg: I sent the postcard to him.= I sent h

4、im the postcard.我送给他一张明信片。8.hope to do sth.= hope + that 从句 “希望做某事” （容易实现）Wish to do sth. “喜欢做某事”（难以实现）Eg: I hope to enter the competition.= I hope that I enter the competition.我希望能参加比赛。wish sb.to do sth. 希望某人做某事Eg: His mum wishes him to be a good student.他妈妈希望他成为一名好学生。9.be up to “忙于；从事；正在做” 常用于口语中E

5、g: What are you up to?你在忙于什么？be up to sb. 由某人决定Eg: Its up to you.由你决定。10.make a model spaceship 制作飞机模型Eg: She likes making model spaceships.她先制作飞机模型。11.just “刚刚”用于现在完成时中，位于助动词之后，实义动词之前Eg: The train has just left.火车刚刚离开。just now “刚才” 用于一般过去时中，放在句末Eg: I saw him just now.我刚才看见他了。12.Im not sure. 我不确定be

6、sure about/of sth. 对某事有把握Eg: I am sure about/of this exam. 我对这次考试有把握。be sure to do sth. 对做某事有信心Eg: I am sure to pass this exam. 我对通过这次考试有信心。13.特殊疑问词 + to do Eg: where to go 去哪Which one to choose 选哪一个14.no problem 没问题15.Yet 现在完成时标志词，常常位于疑问句或否定句句尾Eg: Have you finished your work yet?你还没有完成你的工作吗？16.the

7、latest news 最新的新闻late (形容词) 晚的；迟的 (副词) 晚；迟；最近地later (形容词) 后来的；以后的 (副词) 较晚地；以后latest (形容词) 最近的；最新的 (名词) 最新事物17.It takes sb.+ 时间 + to do sth. “花费某人多长时间做某事。”其同义句为：sb.Spends + 时间 + doing sth.Eg: It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.= I spend twenty minutes walking to school. “我花了二十分钟走到学校。”注意：sth

8、.takes + 时间 “某事花了多长时间”Eg: The bus ride takes about twenty minutes.“坐公共汽车花费大约二十分钟。”“花时间买某物”结构：人 + pay 钱 for 物= 人 + spend 钱 on 物= 物 + cost + 人 + 钱Eg: We paid 10 yuan for the book.= We spent 10 yuan on the book.= The book cost me 10 yuan .我花10元买这本书。18.Thats why 那就是的原因Eg: Thats why Im late.那就是我迟到的原因。19.

9、On the news 上新闻Eg: Its on the news.它上新闻了。20.discover “发现”表示偶然或经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。find “发现，找到”指对某种事物的寻找，强调找到的结果，后接名词、复合结构或从句。invent “发明”指经过认识或实践创造出以前没有的东西Eg: (1) Gilbert discovered electricity.吉尔伯特发现了电。(2)Have you found your book?你找到你的书了吗？(3)Edison invented the electric light bulb.爱因斯坦发明了电灯。21.on Ma

10、rs 在火星上22.No one和none的区别：（1）none即可指人又可指物；而no one只能指人（2）None作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可；no one作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数（3）None常用简略答语，可以与of连用；no one只能单独使用，后面不可跟ofEg: - How many people are there? - None.“-那有多少人？ - 没有人。”None of us want to see the movie. “我们没有一个人看过这部电影。”There was no one else here. “这里没有一个人。”23.far away (from)

11、远离Eg: My home is far away from my school.我家离学校很远。24.in order to do sth.= in order that 从句 = so that 从句 “为了做某事”其否定形式为 in order not to do sth.Eg: In order to see it clearly, he climbed higher.= He climbed higher in order that he can see it clearly.= He climbed higher so that he can see it clearly.他爬得更

12、高为了看的更清楚。25.get information 得到消息information (不可数名词) “消息”通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等news (不可数名词) “新闻”一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息message (可数名词) “音信”一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”Eg: (1) The spaceship will send back much information about other planets太空飞船将会发回许多关于其它星球的消息。(2)No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息

13、。(3)Please take a message for me.请替我传个消息。26.go online 上网27.search for 搜寻Eg: They are searching for the information.他们正在搜寻信息。28.on todays news 在今天的新闻中二、练习题一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词1.The _ (地球) is our mother.We must look after her well.2.There are nine p_ going around the sun in the universe.3.This _ (宇航员)

14、has been to the universe three times.4.Have they d_ life on Mars?5.The _ (月亮) goes around the earth.6.Is there l_ news about the accident?7.Thanks to _ (工程) Hope, many poor children can return to school.8.I have j_ finished my homework.9.I have a _ (模型) bus.It is cool.10.They r_ the school on time.二

15、、用所给词的适当形式填空11.How many _ (planet) are there in the universe?12.Have you read her _ (late) novel?13.Mike lives _ (far) than Tony.14.He taught me how _ (learn) English.15.It took my mother one hour _ (clean) the room.16.I must get up early in order _ (catch) the first bus.17.You can search some _ (in

16、formation) on the Internet.18.Have you _ (be) to Beijing before?19.Who _ (discover) the electricity?20.There are two _ (woman astronaut) in the space.三、单项选择( )21.The boy is excited about the _ news.A.later B.the laterC.latest D.the latest( )22.- I have _ finished my homework.- But I havent finished

17、mine _.A.already; already B.yet; yetC.already; yet D.yet; already( )23.Gilbert _ electricity, but Edison _ the electric light.A.discovered; discovered B.invented; inventedC.discovered; invented D.invented; discovered( )24.-_, Mary?- I am going over the lesson to pass the exam.A.How do you doB.What d

18、o you think of itC.Whats happeningD.What are you up to( )25.That is _ we were late this time.A.that B.when C.why D.what( )26.We started early _ arrive before dark.A.in order that B.so thatC.because of D.in order to( )27.The actress is already 50 but she looks _ younger.A.much B.many C.too much D.too

19、 many( )28.Can you give me some information _ the spaceship?A.in B.to C.at D.on( )29.I dont know how _ it.A.do B.to do C.doing D.done( )30.- Jerry, can you help me print out the article?- Sure, _.A.I agree B.I am afraid notC.no problem D.it doesnt matter四、翻译句子31.我从来没有去过北京。I _ _ _ _ Beijing.32.我们可以上网

20、搜索信息。We can _ _ _ on the Internet.33.我的家离学校很远。My home is _ _ _ school.34.为了赶上其他同学，我不得不努力学习。_ _ _ catch up with other classmates, I have to study hard.35.你正在忙什么呢？What are you _ _?五、补全对话A: Jerry, time to get up.B: Oh, Mum.36._A: Dear, Ive got two tickets to the Space Fun.Dont you want to go?B: The Spa

21、ce Fun? 37._A: Well, its a wonderful place.You can do sports in the sports Room.38._ And you can play all kinds of games in it.B: Oh, really? Sounds great! 39._(Jerry puts on his clothes and washes himself.)B: Mum, Im ready to go.Where are the tickets? 40._A: Oh, sorry, dear.I dont know where they a

22、re.I think I lost them in my dream.B: Oh, Mum.A.Can I have a look?B.Ill get up right now.C.Ive never heard of it.D.Can I sleep for one more hour?E.You can have food in the Star Restaurant.六、阅读理解Scientists have always wanted to know more about the universe.Years ago, they knew many things about the m

23、oon.They knew how big it was and how far away it was from the earth.But they wanted to know more about it.They thought the best way was to send men to the moon.The moon is about 384,000 kilometres away from the earth.A plane cant fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometres away from

24、the earth.But something can fly even when there is no air.That is a rocket.How does a rocket fly? There is gas(气体) in the rocket.When the gas is made very hot inside the rocket, it will rush out of the end of the rocket, so it can make the rocket fly up into the sky.Rockets can fly far out into spac

25、e.Rockets with men in them have been to the moon.Several rockets without men in them have flown to another planet much farther away than the moon.One day rockets may be able to go to any place in space.( )41.Scientist have known _ the moon is.A.how long B.how heavyC.how old D.how big( )42.The earth

26、is about 384,000 kilometres away from the _.A.space B.universeC.sun D.moon( )43.A plane cant fly to the moon because _.A.there is no air 240 kilometres above from the earthB.there is no gas in the planeC.the plane is not strong enoughD.the plane must be driven by a man( )44.The hot gas in the rocket

27、 is used for _.A.keeping the air in the rocket fresh(清新的)B.keeping the men in the rocket warmC.making the rocket fly upD.cooking food for the men( )45.several rockets without men in them have flown to _.A.the starsB.the satellites of the sunC.the sunD.another planet of the sun附：参考答案一、1.earth 2.plane

28、ts 3.astronaut 4.discovered 5.moon6.latest 7.Project 8.just 9.model 10.reached二、11.planets 12.latest 13.farther 14.to learn 15.to clean16.to catch 17.information 18.been 19.discovered 20.women astronauts三、21 - 25 CCCDC 26 - 30 DADBC四、31.have never been to 32.search for information33.far away from 34.in order to35.up to五、36 - 40 DBECA六、41 - 45 DDACD8