北京市丰台区高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）.docx

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1、北京市丰台区2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）注意事项：1 .答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字 笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好 条形码。2 .本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小 题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准 黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3 .请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、 草稿纸上答题无效。4 .本试卷共100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分：

2、知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was rather organized. Each of her objects had its 1, but mine always hid somewhere. Over time, Kate got 2and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, a

3、nd I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got 3 of each other.One evening 4 broke out. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her shouting, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me.I started shouting. She shouted back louder.The room was filled with 5,

4、We could not have stayed together for a singleminute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From the end of her conversation, I could 6 right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly hid under her covers, sobbing（呜咽）.7, that was something she shouldnot go through alone. All

5、 of a sudden, a feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, 8 my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I was so buried in my work 9 I 知，星期二是阅读日，如果你想要读你最喜欢的书籍给其它人，可以参加这一天的活动。故 选Bo23题详解】细节理解题。根据 Wednesday 的计划中的 “Of course there

6、would be prizes given for outstanding writing in each category.（当然,每个类别都会为杰出的作品颁发奖项）” 可知，如果作品好，会颁发奖励。故选A。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “We would like to have the opportunity to meet with you and discuss our plan and to hear what ideas you may have for Spirit Week. Please let us know when you can schedule som

7、e time to meet.（我们希望有机会与您见面，讨 论我们的计划，并听取您对Spirit Week的想法。请让我们知道你什么时候可以安排时间见 面。可推断，校长收到这封信，会与学生会见面，讨论这些想法。故选D。BI think that I always knew I wanted to become an artist. I can t remember a time when I wasn t drawing or painting pictures. My oldest sister and my brother were artistic, and watching them

8、draw fascinated me. They had many different art supplies around the house. Boxes of pastels, little ink bottles and pens were very appealing.My parents and friends soon saw that I had more than a passing interest in art. It came to define much of my image. Relatives gave me art-related birthday gift

9、s. At school I became “the kid who could draw, “ a unique distinction, like “brainiest” or “best athlete” .As I got a little older, I began copying pictures: cartoons, comic books, and magazine illustrations.My third-grade class wrote essays on what we wanted to be when we grew up. To me it was obvi

10、ous. We read them aloud, and I told about the types of paintings I would some day try. I d have turtles with paintbrushes tied to their backs walking around on a big sheet of paper. Or I d fill squirt guns with different colored paints and shoot at the canvas. I actually tried this with friends! Wel

11、l, it sounded like a good idea.One of the only discouraging childhood experiences about my artwork happened in the fourth grade. During study time I was drawing a picture. My teacher took it away and wrote an angry note home to my mother. David would rather be drawing pictures than doing his work! ”

12、 I couldn t believe it, three exclamation points. School uart classes” were pretty uninspiring. Art never seemed to be taken as seriously as other subjects.In the eighth grade, a big career day was held. Months before, we wrote suggestions for careers we wanted to hear about. On the big day, guest s

13、peakers from many fields came to talk, but there wasn, t one that came close to an art-related field.In high school it actually sank in that I was going to be an artist. I already knew. I d always known. My parents were excited about my choice, too. As I looked into art schools, I felt like doors we

14、re being thrown wide open. Until then my art was a private thing, but at art school I found a place where everyone as “the kid who could draw. ” 25. The author became interested in art because of . A. his parents, wish B. some schools appeal C. his family membersinfluence D. some experts suggestion

15、26. In the fourth grade, the author . A. began copying pictures B. drew with squirt guns C. was discouraged by the teacher D. got suggestions from guest speakers 27. From the last paragraph, we can learn that the author . A thanked his parents very muchB. went into a new world of artC. was still the

16、 only kid who could drawD. stopped learning art finally28. The story inspires people to.A stick to their dreamsB. treasure what they haveC. obey the natural rulesD. choose their career earlier【答案】25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了由于受到家人的影响，作者从小就对画画感兴趣，尽管在 四年级时遇到过令自己沮丧的事情，但作者没有放弃，最终进入了自己理想的艺术

17、学校。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句 My oldest sister and my brother were artistic, and watching them draw fascinated me. v可知，我姐姐和哥哥都很有艺术天赋，看他们画画 让我着迷。由此可推断出，作者对美术产生了兴趣是受家庭成员的影响。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段关键句One of the only discouraging childhood experiences about my artwork happened in the fourth grade. v可知，关于我的艺术

18、作品，唯一令人 沮丧的童年经历发生在四年级。再结合段落内容可知，作者在四年级时，由于在课上画画， 被老师批评了。由此可知，在四年级时，老师的行为让作者感到沮丧。故选C项。L27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句 uUntil then my art was a private thing, but at art school I found a place where everyone as “the kid who could draw. ” 可知，在去艺 术学校之前，我的艺术是私人的事情，但在艺术学校，我找到了一个人人都是“会画画的孩 子”的地方。由此可推断出，作者去了艺术学校读书，那

19、里有很多擅长和喜欢画画的人，作 者是进入了一个与之前不同的、新的艺术世界。故选B项。【28题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了由于受到家人的影响，作者从小就对画画感兴趣，尽管在四年 级时遇到过令自己沮丧的事情，但作者没有放弃，最终进入了自己理想的艺术学校。根据最 后一段关键句In high school it actually sank in that I was going to be an artist.I already knew. I d always known. ”可知，作者一直都想成为一名画家并一直坚持这个 梦想，由此可推断出，这个故事主要是激励人们要坚持自己的梦想。故选A项。CT

20、he world is full of distractions. If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask, which take your attention away from what you are doing or thinking about. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites （尘蛾

21、）under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus. If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.So, how can we stay focused in our wandering minds? Swit

22、ching off email or messaging services helps. And put your smart phone and other irrelevant screens away一they attract your attention even if they are off. If you tend to pop on headphones and use music to shut out distractions, avoid listening to anything familiar. Knowing the words or tune well will

23、 distract you even more.Not all distractions are bad, however. If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately increase productivity. Creativity can benefit from distr

24、action too. Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn t play.Switching between tasks can also help. In general, this is the enemy of prod

25、uctivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation“ on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creativ

26、e type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.29. Why does the author mention many examples in Para. 1?A. To reveal the troubles of distractions.B. To present the findings of recent studies.C. To highlight the values of multitasks.D. To emphasize the importance of

27、 being focused.30. What can be inferred about task-switching distraction from the passage?A. It will improve the productivity of the repetitive work.B. It may be shut out by listening to the familiar music.C. It may lower the efficiency of multitasks.D. It will help to come up with new ideas.31. Wha

28、t does the passage mainly talk about?A. Upsides and downsides of distraction.B. Distraction and creativity.C. How to stay focused.D. Causes of distraction.【答案】29. A 30. D 31. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。这个世界充满了干扰。不幸的是，世界也需要我们工作。文章就如何在走 神的时候保持专注提出了 一些建议。29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The world is full of distractions.（这个世界充满了

29、干扰。）可知，第一段举例子是为了解释说明揭示分心带来的麻烦。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent ,cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. n（但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可 以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。）可推知，它会对想出新点子有帮助的。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，

30、根据第一段的“If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.如果你不小心,你一天就会一事无成”可知陈述 了分心的坏处；根据第三段的“Not all distractions are bad, however然而并非所有的 分心都是坏的”可知陈述了并非所有分心都有坏处，再结合文章最后一段Switching between tasks can also help. In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mista

31、kes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or

32、more tasks and spend your day switching between them. （在不同任务之间切换也会有所帮 助。总的来说，这是效率的大敌:它鼓励错误，阻止我们完成任务，促进健忘，降低写作质 量。但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。所以，如果你是一个有创造力的人，试着把两个或更多的任务排列起来，然 后花一天的时间在它们之间切换。）可知，文章主要讲述的是分心的好处和坏处。故选A。DLast year, Americans spent over $30 billion at retai 1（零售）stores in

33、the month of December alone. Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, and baby showers. This frequent experience of gift-giving can generate ambivalent feelings in gift-

34、givers. Many believe that gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with one s closest peers. At the same time, many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended receivers.Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving vari

35、ous political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. They think that gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources. People buy gifts that receivers would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase. Give

36、rs are likely to spend $100 to purchase a gift that receivers would spend only $80 to buy themselves.What is surprising is that gift-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-receivers, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful g

37、ift. In the present research, psychologists find a unique explanation for this overspending problem一gift-givers equate how much they spend with how much receivers will appreciate the gift. Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciation might seem relevant to gift-givers, such an ass

38、umption may be unfounded. Indeed, we find that gift-receivers will be less willing to base their feelings of appreciation on the gift price than givers assume.The thoughts of gift-givers and gift-receivers being unable to account for the other party s perspective seems puzzling because people slip i

39、n and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the extensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they often struggle to transfer information gained from one role and apply it in another.32. What does the underlined word “ambivalent“ in Para. 1 probably mean?A. ConcernedB. Con

40、flicting.C. Negative.D. Positive33. What can we learn from Para. 3?A. Gift-receivers link their appreciation closely to the gift cost.B. Personal preferences are the least to be considered.C. The assumption made by gift-givers is incorrect.D. Gift-giving is a process of wasting resources.34. Accordi

41、ng to the author, the different thoughts between the gift-givers and receivers are caused by .A. a trend of overspendingB. an inability to shift perspectiveC. a growing opposition to gift-givingD. a misunderstanding of intention【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国人经常购买礼物送给他人以此与对方建立牢固的联 系，但许多人也

42、担心他们购买的礼物不会让其满意。人类学家认为此举会产生积极的作用， 但经济学家对此看法并不乐观，研究表明送礼者多花一点钱买礼物，而收礼者并不会认为送 礼者花了那么多钱，这是由于送礼者和收礼者无法站在对方的角度来看问题引起的。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段的 “Many believe that gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with one, s closest peers. At the same time, many worry that their purchases will disappo

43、int rather than delight the intended receivers. 可 知，许多人认为送礼是与亲密的同龄人建立牢固联系的有力手段。同时，许多人担心他们购 买的礼物会使对方失望而没有让其满意。由此可知，送礼物的人会有两种感受，一种是认为 送礼物的方式是有用的而另一种是担心这样做不能使对方满意，即这两种感受是相矛盾的， 因此conflicting （冲突的）可以解释划线词的意思。故选B。33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的 “In the present research, psychologists find a unique explanation for this

44、 overspending problemgift-givers equate how much they spend with how much receivers will appreciate the gift. Although a link between gift price and feelings of appreciation might seem relevant to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we find that gift-receivers will be less will

45、ing to base their feelings of appreciation on the gift price than givers assume. ” 可矢口, 在 目前的研究中，心理学家为这个超支的问题找到了一个独特的解释：送礼者将其花费与收礼 者欣赏礼物的程度等同起来。尽管礼品价格和欣赏感之间的联系在送礼者看来是有关的，但 这种假设可能没有根据。由此可知，送礼者认为如果多花一点钱买礼物，收礼者会同等地多 看重这份礼物的想法是没有依据的，即送礼者所作的假设是错误的。故选C。34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The thoughts of gift-givers and g

46、ift-receivers being unable to account for the other party, s perspective seems puzzling because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the extensive experience that people have as both givers and receivers, they often struggle to transfer information gained from one role and a

47、pply it in another. v可知，送礼者和收礼者无法从对方的 角度来考虑问题，这似乎令人费解，因为每天都有人在这两个角色之间来回切换。然而，尽 管人们经常作为送礼者和收礼者，但他们经常难以从一个角色转换到另一角色上来并以此来 考虑问题。由此可知，根据作者的说法，送礼者和收礼者之间的不同想法是由于他们无法转 换视角来站在对方的角度看问题引起的。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。Getting Lost in a Good Book Can Help Keep You Healthy

48、V m a novelist and it s obviously in my interest to encourage people to read. But there s increasing evidence that reading isn, t just for pleasure, or merely a way of improving literacy skills and factual knowledge. 35Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improves their

49、 ability to think clearly. 36 It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it.Also, reading can help people learn to empathize （产生共鸣）.A recent study at the University of Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among college students. 37 In a computer game, you migh