TOEFL阅读理解真题汇总.docx

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1、TOEFL阅读理解真题汇总为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真 题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。托福阅读真题1In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers and fruit were typically the province of the botanical artist interested in scientific illustration rather than being the subjects of fine art. Early in the nineteenth century, however

2、, the Peale family of Philadelphia established the still life, a picture consisting mainly of inanimate objects, as a valuable part of the artists repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and Sarah Miriam Peale are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely colored, small in size, and represen

3、ting little more than what they are. In contrast were the highly symbolic, complex compositions by Charles Bird King, with their biting satire and critical social commentary. Each of these strains comminuted into and well past mid-century.John F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Pennsylvania stil

4、l-life tradition that arose, at least in part, from the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from around 1850 to 1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one of the Peales pieces on a larger scale, with greater complexity resulting from the number of objects. It is also indebted to the lunch

5、eon type of still life found in seventeenth-century Dutch painting. The opened bottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed suggest a number of unseen guests. The appeal of the(C) perfect(D) immediate9. The word it in line 22 refers to(A) biological productivity(B) oil(C) organic mater

6、ial(D) petroleumPASSAGE 90 CCADB CACC托福阅读真题3The term art deco has come to encompass three distinct but related design trends of the 1920s and 1930s. The first was what is frequently referred to as zigzag moderne 一 the exotically ornamental style of such skyscrapers as the Chrysler Building in New Yo

7、rk City and related structures such as the Paramount Theater in Oakland, California. The word zigzag alludes to the geometric and stylized ornamentation of zigzags, angular patterns, abstracted plant and animal motifs, sunbursts, astrological imagery, formalized fountains, and related themes that we

8、re applied in mosaic relief, and mural form to the exterior and interior of the buildings. Many of these buildings were shaped in the ziggurat form, a design resembling an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower that recedes in progressivelysmaller stages to the summit, creating a staircase-like effect. T

9、he second manifestation of art deco was the 1930s streamlined moderne style 一 a Futuristic-looking aerodynamic style of rounded corners and horizontal bands known as speed stripes. In architecture, these elements were frequently accompanied by round windows, extensive use of glass block, and flat ro

10、oftops.The third style, referred to as either international stripped classicism, or simply classical moderne, also came to the forefront during the Depression, a period of severe economic difficult in the 1930s. This was a more conservative style, blending a simplified modernistic style with a more

11、austere form of geometric and stylized relief sculpture and other ornament, including interior murals. Many buildings in this style were erected nationwide through government programs during the Depression.Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongl

12、y influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it. For example, like art nouveau (1890-1910), art deco also used plant motifs, but regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than presenting them as flowing, asymmetrical foliage, like the Viennese crafts

13、people of the Wiener Werkstatte, art deco designers worked with exotic materials, geometricized shapes, and colorfully ornate patterns. Furthermore, like the artisans of the Arts and Crafts Movement in England and the United States, art deco practitioners considered it their mission to transform the

14、 domestic environment through well-designed furniture and household accessories.1. What aspect of art deco does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of art deco on the design of furniture and household accessories(B) Ways in which government programs encouraged the development of art deco(C)

15、 Architectural manifestations of art deco during the 1920s and 1930s(D) Reasons for the popularity of art deco in New York and California2. The word encompass in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) separate(B) include(C) replace(D) enhance3. The phrase The first in line 2 refers to(A) the term art de

16、co(B) design trends(C) the 1920s and 1930s(D) skyscrapers4. In line 9, the author mentions an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower in order to(A) describe the exterior shape of certain art deco buildings(B) explain the differences between ancient and modern architectural steles(C) emphasize the extent

17、of architectural advances(D) argue for a return to more traditional architectural design5. The streamlined moderne style is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT(A) animal motifs(B) flat roofs(C) round windows(D) speed stripes6. The phrase came to the forefront in line 16 is closestm meaning

18、to(A) grew in complexity(B) went through a process(C) changed its approach(D) became important7. According to the passage , which of the following statements most accurately describes therelationship between art deco and art nouveau?(A) They were art forms that competed with each other for governmen

19、t support during theDepression era.(B) They were essentially the same art form.(C) Art nouveau preceded art deco and influenced it.(D) Art deco became important in the United States while art nouveau became popular inEngland.8. According to the passage , a building having an especially ornate appear

20、ance would mostprobably have been designed in the style of(A) zigzag moderne(B) streamlined moderne(C) classical moderne(D) the Arts and Crafts Movement9. According to the passage , which of the following design trends is known by more than onename?(A) Zigzag moderne(B) Streamlined moderne(C) Intern

21、ational stripped classicism(D) Arts and Crafts Movement10. The passage is primarily developed as(A) the historical chronology of a movement(B) a description of specific buildings that became famous for their unusual beauty(C) an analysis of various trends within an artistic movement(D) an argument o

22、f the advantages of one artistic form over anotherPASSAGE 91 CBBAA DCACC文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有 需要的人。fruit and nuts to our sense of taste is heightened by the juicy orange, which has already been sliced. The arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different parts, not always compositi

23、onally integrated, with all objects of essentially equal importance.About 1848, Severin Roesen came to the United States from Germany and settled in New York City, where he began to paint large, lush still lifes of flowers, fruit, or both, often measuring over four feet across. Still Life with fruit

24、 and champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous rendering of detail, compact composition, and unabashed abundance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the beautifully painted objects carry additional meanings 一 butterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence of life, a birds nest with e

25、ggs means fertility, and so on. Above all, Roesens art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of its citizens.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The artwork of James and Sarah Miriam Peale(B) How Philadelphia became a center for art in the nineteenth century(C) Nineteenth-c

26、entury still-life paintings in the United States(D) How botanical art inspired the first still-lifepaintings2. Which of the following is mentioned as a characteristic of the still lifes of James and SarahMiriam Peale?(A) simplicity(B) symbolism(C) smooth texture(D) social commentary3. The word bitin

27、g in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) simple(B) sorrowful(C) frequent(D) sharp4. The word It in line 13 refers to(A) Luncheon Still Life(B) one of the Peales pieces(C) a larger scale(D) the number of objects5. The word heightened in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) complicated(B) directed(C) ob

28、served(D) increased6. The word meticulous in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) careful(B) significant(C) appropriate(D) believable7. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) repertoire (line 5)(B) satire (line 8)(C) additive (line 17)(D) rendering (line 23)8. All of the followin

29、g are mentioned as characteristics of Roesens still lifes EXCEPT that they(A) are symbolic(B) use simplified representations of flowers and fruit(C) include brilliant colors(D) are large in size9. Which of the following is mentioned as the dominant theme in Roesens painting?(A) Fertility(B) Freedom(

30、C) Impermanence(D) AbundancePASSAGE 89 CADAD ACBD托福阅读真题2Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place in the Mesozoic era occurred late in that era, among the small organisms that populate the uppermost, sunlit portion of the oceans the plankton. The term plankton is a broad

31、 one, designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weakly propel themselves through the sea. In the late stages of the Mesozoic era, during the Cretaceous period, there was a great expansion of plankton that precipitated skeletons or shells composed of two types of mineral: si

32、lica and calcium carbonate.This development radically changed the types of sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because, while the organic parts of the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized skeletons often survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth

33、s long history, very large quantities of silica skeletons, which would eventually harden into rock, began to pile up in parts of the deep sea. Thick deposits of calcareous ooze made up of the tiny remains of the calcium carbonate-secreting plankton also accumulated as never before. The famous white

34、chalk cliffs of Dover, in the southeast of England, are just one example of the huge quantities of such material that amassed during the Cretaceous period; there are many more. Just why the calcareous plankton were so prolific during the latter part of the Cretaceous period is not fully understood.

35、Such massive amounts of chalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period of time.The high biological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led to ideal conditions for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subject

36、ed to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum. Sediments rich in organic material accumulated along the margins of the Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-west ocean that formed when Earths single landmass (known as Pangaea) split apart during the Mesozoic era. Many of toda

37、ys important oil fields are found in those sediments 一 in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and in the states of Texas and Louisiana in the United States.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How sediments were built up in oceans during the Cretaceous period(B) How petroleum was for

38、med in the Mesozoic era(C) The impact of changes in oceanic animal and plant life in the Mesozoic era(D) The differences between plankton found in the present era and Cretaceous plankton2. The passage indicates that the Cretaceous period occurred(A) in the early part of the Mesozoic era(B) in the mi

39、ddle part of the Mesozoic era(C) in the later part of the Mesozoic era(D) after the Mesozoic era3. The passage mentions all of the following aspects of plankton EXCEPT(A) the length of their lives(B) the level of the ocean at which they are found(C) their movement(D) their size4. The word accumulate

40、d in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) depended(B) matured(C) dissolved(D) collected5. According to the passage , the most dramatic change to the oceans caused by plankton duringthe Cretaceous period concerned(A) the depth of the water(B) the makeup of the sediment on the ocean floor(C) the decreas

41、e in petroleum-producing sediment(D) a decline in the quantity of calcareous ooze on theseafloor6. The white chalk cliffs of Dover are mentioned in line 14 of the passage to(A) show where the plankton sediment first began to build up(B) provide an example of a plankton buildup that scientists cannot

42、 explain(C) provide an example of the buildup of plankton sediment(D) indicate the largest single plankton buildup on Earth7. The word prolific in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) fruitful(B) distinct(C) determined(D) energetic8. The word ideal in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) common (B) clear