中考英语语法二轮复习之虚拟语气用法.docx

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1、中考英语语法二轮复习之虚拟语气用法一、英语虚拟语气的基本概念英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气 用干陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用干表示请求、命令或 警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望：He was nice to us.他对我们很友好。（陈述语气）Dont be in such a hurry.不要如此匆忙。（祈使语气）It is important that he work hard.他用功是很重要的。（虎 拟语气）Ifhehadapologized, you should have done so too.如果他道 歉了，你也应当道歉。（虚拟语气）二、英语

2、虚拟语气的基本类型1 .与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be诵常用were）, 主句谓语用“should（would, could, might） +动词原形”。如：If she were trving harder, her parents wouldnt be so anxious.如果她现在更用功些，她的父母也不会这么忧虑了。（可惜 他并不用功）If I knew her number I could ring her up.要是我知道她的 电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。（可惜我不知道）2 .与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过

3、去分词），主句谓语用“should （would,could,might）+have+过去分词”如：If 11 d seen you. I d have said hello.如果我看见你了，我会和你打招呼的。（不巧我没看见你）Ifthey had invited him to the party, he would have attendedit.如果他们邀请了他参加晚会，他是会参加的。（但他们没 激请他）3 .与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were）, 主句谓语用should（would, could,might）+动词原形二 如:Ifyousuccee

4、dedeverything would be all right.如果你将来成 功了，一切都会好的。（但你还没有成功）Iflasked him, Im sure hed help us.如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。（不过我不打算这样做）三、含蓄虚拟条件句分类讲解所谓含蒂虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语 中的一类条件句。如：1 .将条件隐含在不定式短语中I should be happy to go with you.如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=1 should be happy if I could go with you.)To have studied har

5、der, you would have passed the examination.你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(-If you have studied harder, you.)2 .将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果 出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(Ifhe had been born in better times, he .Failing this time, what would you do?假若这次失败,那你 怎么力、?(=If you failed dthis time,

6、what.)Walking alone in the dark Marv would be temified.要一个 人单独在黑暗中走，玛丽会感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she.)3 .将条件隐含在介词短语中Without air. no one could ive.没有空气，人就不能活。 (=Ifthere were no air. no one could live.)But for his help, he would have failed.要不是有他的帮助, 他就会失败了。(t it hadnt been for his help

7、, he would have failed )4 .将条件隐含在名词短语中Atrue friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友， 就不会背弃我。(=Ifhe had been a true friend, he would.)A few hours earlier, and you wonId have seen the famonswrter要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If von had come a few hours earlier, you.)5 .将条件隐含在某些连词中I didnt know that he was

8、 a cheat, or else I wouldn11 have believed him.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or elsesif I had known he was a cheat)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。 (otherwise=if I were not so bus6 .将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a

9、photo.凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(-If anyone had seen that painting.)7 .将条件隐含在一定的上下文中Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=.If you read all these papers. Itwould take too long)U!、错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型

10、对时态作相应的调整。如:If youd listened to me you wouldnt be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。If you were in better health, wer d have let you go with us. 你要是身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。巩固练习1. -I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present-Its time you A. doB. didC. hadD. would2. He hesitated for a moment

11、 before kicking the ball, otherwise he a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored3. If only he_quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie4.-Your sister nearly devoted all her spare time to her course during the three y

12、ears.一Thats right, or she the first place in her schoolin the 2002 College Entrance ExaminationA. wouldnt take B. wouldnt have takenChadnt takenD. couldn11 take5. 一一Im sorry I spent so much money. Dad.-I wish you soA. hadnt done B. didnt doC. havent done D. wouldnt do1.1 t seems as if the sun round

13、the earth since itrises in the east and sets in the west.A.circlesB. is circlingC. were circlingD. has been circlina7. Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may be8. -Im sorry 1 spent so much money, Dad-1 wish you so.A. hadnt done B. didnt doC. havenf

14、 t doneD. wouldnt do9. Iwould have come earlier. butl that you werewaiting for meA. didnt knowB. hadnt knowC. would have knownD. havent known10. 1 advised that he to the hospital at once, but heinsisted that he quite well thenA. be sent： was feelingB. was sent； feltC. be sent： feelD. should be sent：

15、 should feel【答案详解】1. Bo Its time you did 为 Its time you thankedAunt Lucy for her present之略。按照英语语法，it s time后从句通常要用 过去式。2. D o这是otherwise引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推 知答案选Do3. Co ifonlv意为要是就好了，其后的句子请语要用虚拟 语气，同时根据as the doctor instructed中的过去时态可知从句 是与过去事实相反，故选C。4. Bo or （否则）.other

16、wise, but等连词常表示虚拟条件。此题是 与过去事实相反的情况，主句谓语用would have +过去分词。5. Ao wish后的宾语从句的谓语要用过去式表示虚拟语气。spent 是过去式，所以wish是表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语用 “had+过去分词二6. Co此处as if从句表示与现在事实相反的情况。7. Ao Were it not for.二 If it were not for.,其意为“要 不是因为”，为与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，所以主句中谓语 动词用would be。8. Awish后的宾语从句的谓语要用过去式表示虚拟语气。Spent 是过去式，所以wish从句是表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语 用“had +过去分词”。9. Awould come earlier是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，而后面 分句表示的是事实：当时我的确不知道，所以用一般过去时。10. A在表示“建议”的advise等后的宾语从句的谓语用“（should+）动词原形。insist表示“坚持认为”讲时,它的宾语 从句的谓语不用虚拟语气。