非谓语动词作状语知识点讲义高考英语复习.docx

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1、非谓语动词作状语不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表 示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。（一）不定式作状语1 .不定式作目的状语In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to只能放于句中，in order to和so as to放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early.=He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my teleph

2、one number so as / in order not to forget it.=In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number.2 .不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; .enough to do sth; too.to; Only to do sth 表示不定式出乎意料的结果。Im not so stupid as to write it down.=Fm not such a fool as to wri

3、te it down.He is clever enough to be fit for the job.Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had one.He died, leaving only debts（动名词表示自然而然的结果）Im too tired to stay up longer.注意：only too.to结构中，并非是“太.而不能.之意，而表示“非常.这样搭配 的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy 等。Im only too glad to have

4、passed the exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴。Im too willing to help you.3 .不定式作原因状语当这些形容词 light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动。This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to understand.（-）分词做状语分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可 以与

5、 while, when, once, if, unless 等连词连用。Xnot)V+ing表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系V+ed表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系Vnot) having done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前 (not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前 1. When(offer) help, one often says “Thank you or Its kind of you.4 .(Separate) from other continents fbr millions of

6、 years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.5 . Generally speaking, if(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.6 . He glanced at her,( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.7 . The teacher came into the lab,(follow)

7、by some students.8 .(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.9 . Not(receive) her letter, he wrote again.参考答案：1 .offered 2. Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6. Having been told7. having received(三)独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常 见的有：generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/

8、 honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地 讲 considering/ given/taking. into consideration 考虑至!j judging from/by 根据判断 compared with/to 与相比 provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设 to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说 To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是 seeing t

9、hat 鉴于Considering his age, he is quite tall.Judging from his look, he didnt agree with you at all.I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain.To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.练习：1) .(sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm oclock.2) .(see) fro

10、m the hill, the park looks very beautiful.3) .(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed.4) .(clean) the desks, we began reading.5) .(surround) for a month, the enemy had to give in.6) .(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police.7) .All the afternoon he worked with the door(lock).8) .W

11、ith winter(come) on, its time to buy warm clothes.9) .1 can*t go out with all these dishes(wash).10) .Anderson was lying on the bed with the window(open).1 l).He stood there with his eyes(fix) on the wall.12) .He felt relaxed, with his work(do).13) . He felt anxious, with a lot of work(do)参考答案：1) to sleep; 2) seen; 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned; 5) having been surrounded; 6) lost7) locked 8) coming 9) to wash 10) open 11).fixed 12) done 13) to do