2024.01.04 外刊双语精读 公司与气候变化（二）：针对天然气的举措.pdf

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1、Business and climate change(2)：Step on the gas 公司与气候变化（二）：针对天然气的举措Fossil-fuel giants agree to slash methane emissions 化石能源巨头同意削减甲烷排放【1】methane is responsible for perhaps 45%ofcurrent global warming.In debates over climatechange the short-lived but highly potent greenhousegas is nevertheless typicall

2、y upstaged by carbondioxide,which hangs around the atmosphere forhundreds of years.Not at this years annual UNclimate summit,hosted by the United Arab Emirates(UAE)in Dubai.“methane is taking its rightful placeas the single biggest and fastest way to slowwarming,”declares Durwood Zaelke,a renownedme

3、thane-warrior at the Institute for Governance andSustainable Development,a think-tank.目前有45%的全球变暖或许是由甲烷造成。然而，在关于气候变化的辩论中，甲烷这一存在时间不长但强有力的温室气体通常都被二氧化碳抢了风头，而二氧化碳悬浮在大气中已有百年时间。但今年在阿联酋迪拜举行的联合国年度气候峰会上，二氧化碳并非主角。来自智库“治理与可持续发展研究所”的著名中文导读化石能源巨头同意削减甲烷排放slash/sl/n.斜线,斜杠,(用刀等)劈,(长而窄的)伤口,切口,砍痕,斜线号,撒尿vt.削减，(用利器)劈,大

4、幅度削减,大大降低 Car makers could be forced to slash prices.汽车制造商可能会被迫大幅度降价。1methane/mien/n.甲烷,沼气 Methane reacts withhydroxyl to produce formaldehyde.甲烷与羟基反应生成甲醛emissions/imnz/n.(光、热、气等的)发出，射出，排放,排放物,散发物emission的复数 本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！debates/dbet/n.(在公共集会上或议会里就某问题进行的、常以表决结束的)辩论,(各自发表不同意见的)争论，

5、辩论，讨论v.(尤指正式)讨论，辩论,仔细考虑,思考,盘算debate的第三人称单数和复数 That debate led to thegovernments fall.那场辩论导致政府垮台。potent/pt()nt/adj.有强效的,强有力的,有力的,强大的,烈性的,影响身心的 Their most potent weapon wasthe Exocet missile.他们效力最强的武器是飞鱼导弹。nevertheless/nevles/adv.然而,不过,尽管如此 Weare going nevertheless we shall return.我们要走了,不过我们还要回来。typic

6、ally/tpkl/adv.典型的,通常,一般,典型地,具有代表性地,不出所料,果然 Typically caused bymidfrequency distortions in an analog system.在模拟系统中通常是由中频信号的失真所引起。atmosphere/tmsf/n.气氛,(围绕地球的)大气，大气层，大气圈,(围绕其他天体的)气体,(房间、封闭空间或某处的)空气 We live in an atmosphere of freedom.我们生活在自由的环境中。summit/smt/n.(政府间的)首脑会议,峰会,山顶,最高点,顶点 renowned/rnand/adj.著

7、名的,闻名的,有名的,受尊敬的 This restaurant is renowned for its cuisine.这家餐馆以其精美的饭菜而闻名。warrior/wr/n.战士,(尤指旧时的)武士，勇士，斗士The warriors speared the man to death.武士们把那个男子戳死了。2hydrocarbon/hadr()kb()n/n.烃,碳氢化合物States the latent hazardness of such hydrocarbons asacetylene in air separator,and presents the preventivemeas

8、ures in normal production.阐述乙炔以及碳氢化合物在分装置中具有的潜在危险,并出在正常生产中的预防措施。eliminate/lmnet/vt.排除,清除,消除,(比赛中)淘汰,消灭，干掉(尤指敌人或对手)All passengers should beDecember 9th 2023【Business】01.04 双语精读双语精读丨公司与气候变化（二）丨公司与气候变化（二）：针对天然气的举措：针对天然气的举措甲烷斗士杜伍德扎尔科（Durwood Zaelke）宣称：“甲烷以应有的姿态成为减缓变暖的最强大最快速的途径。”【2】On December 2nd some 5

9、0 big hydrocarbon firms pledged in Dubai to all but eliminate the methane emissions associated with the exploration and production of fossil fuels by 2030.They also pledged to end routine flaring of methane,which is the principal component of natural gas.Although farming releases more methane(via be

10、lching ruminants and upturned land),the energy sector is more concentrated and thus easier to corral.Drillers also have a bigger incentive than farmers to prevent leaks.After all,the gas that doesnt leak can be sold for a profit.12月2日，约50家大型烃公司在迪拜承诺，将在2030年前尽力消除所有和化石能源勘探与生产相关的甲烷排放。同时它们也承诺会终止甲烷的常态化燃烧

11、，而甲烷则是天然气的主要组成成分。尽管农业生产释放的甲烷更多（来自反刍动物排气以及翻耕的土地），但能源业更为集中，因此更容易聚拢谈判。本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！钻井公司比农民有更大的动力去防止泄露。毕竟，未泄露出去的天然气可以卖个好价钱。【3】Critics were quick to denounce the deal as greenwashing.Some argued that it would not lead to a phase-out of fossil fuels,something that campaigners want to s

12、ee agreed in Dubai.These sceptics suggest that a methane deal could be seen as giving the oil-and-gas industry,which they want to kill off,a“get out of jail free”card.One green group complains that the deal is voluntary and worries that the promised cuts will not be honoured.批评者们立即指责这项协议实为“漂绿”之举。有人称

13、协议不会eliminated from dairy herds.所有不产奶的牛应从奶牛中清除出来。associated/soetd/adj.有关联的,相关的,有联系的,(用于联合企业的名称)联合的v.联想,联系,交往,(尤指)混在一起,表明支持,表示同意associate的过去分词和过去式Conceit is associated with stupidity and ignorance.骄傲的朋友是愚蠢和无知。exploration/eksplre()n/n.勘探,勘查,探索,探究,研究,探测 Arctic exploration;exploration of newtheories.北极探

14、险；新理论的探索routine/rutin/n.常规,正常顺序,生活乏味,无聊,(演出中的)一套动作，一系列笑话(等),例行程序adj.常规的,例行公事的,日常的,平常的,正常的,毫不特别的,乏味的,平淡的The artists were going through their daily routines.艺术家们正进行日常的练习活动。flaring/fler/v.(摇曳着)燃烧;(火光)闪耀;加剧;突发;发怒地说;粗暴地说;(短暂)烧旺 adj.闪耀的；发光的；花哨的；外倾的 flare的现在分词 flaring advertisements华丽principal/prnsp()l/adj

15、.最重要的,主要的n.大学校长,学院院长,本金,资本,主要演员,主角,当事人，委托人 Heis the principal of this school.他是该学校的校长。component/kmpnnt/n.组成部分,成分,部件adj.成分的,组成的,合成的,构成的 Hardware is the mechanicalcomponents of a computer.硬件指的是计算机的机械部分。farming/fm/n.农事,务农,农场经营v.务农,种田,从事畜牧业farm的现在分词 Farming is partly subsidisedby the government.农业得到政府的部

16、分资助。releases/rlisiz/v.释放,放出,放走,放开,松开,使自由移动(或飞翔、降落等),发泄,宣泄release的第三人称单数The hospital issued press releases hourly.这家医院每小时发布一次新闻稿。belching/belti/v.打嗝;(大量)喷出，吐出 n.打嗝；猛烈喷射 belch的现在分词 upturned/pt:nd/adj.朝上；向上翘；翻过来 Thestorm upturned the town.风暴把镇子搅得天翻地覆。concentrated/knsntretd/adj.决心要做的,全力以赴的,浓缩的,密集的,集中的v.

17、集中(注意力),聚精会神,使集中(或集合、聚集),(使)浓缩concentrate的过去分词和过去式 We concentrated on the task before us.我们专注于眼前的任务corral/krl/n.畜栏;(北美农牧场的)围栏 vt.把(马或牛)赶入围栏(或关进畜栏);把(一群人)集中起来关在一起They drove the ponies into a corral.他们把矮种马赶进了畜栏。incentive/nsentv/n.激励,刺激,鼓励 Money is still amajor incentive to most people.对于大多数人来说,金钱仍是主要的

18、刺激物。prevent/prvent/vt.防止,阻止,阻碍,阻挠 Dentistsadvise their patients to brush and floss regularly toprevent their teeth from decaying.牙医建议他们的病人定期刷牙并用洁牙线剔牙，以防止蛀牙。leaks/liks/v.漏,渗漏,泄漏,渗入,漏出,泄露，透露(秘密信息),走漏n.漏洞,裂缝,缝隙,泄漏出的液体(或气体),(秘密信息的)透露leak的第三人称单数和复数 本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！3使得化石能源逐步淘汰，而一些活动家一直希望能

19、在迪拜达成关于此方面的协议。这些怀疑者们表示，甲烷协议给予了他们想要抹杀的石油与天然气行业一张“免罪牌”。本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！一家环保组织抱怨称，这项协议全凭参与方自觉，并担忧成员方并不会遵守减排承诺。【4】That is a reasonable concern,given the fossil-fuel industrys dismal record of climate denial and regulatory obstruction.Still,the deal represents a breakthrough of sorts.The

20、 companies involved account for some 40%of global oil production,and include not just Western supermajors like ExxonMobil and Shell but also 29 national oil companies,among them Saudi Aramco,the mightiest of them all,and ADNoe of the UAE.The state giants,which are responsible for the majority of the

21、 industrys methane emissions,had long resisted joining any such agreement,or even acknowledging that the leaks existed.Their participation is therefore a big win.鉴于化石能源业此前在气候承诺和遵守法规方面的糟糕表现，环保人士的担忧不无道理。不过该协议仍旧从某种程度上代表了一个突破。本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！协议参与公司占据了全球石油生产的约40%，不仅包括了埃克森美孚（ExxonMobil）、壳

22、牌石油公司（Shell）等西方大国的石油公司，还包括29家国有石油公司，其中就有实力最强的沙特阿美公司（Saudi Aramco）以及阿联酋的ADNoe公司。这些国有巨头企业排放该行业大部分的甲烷，长久以来都拒绝加入此类协议，甚至承认存在泄露。因此，它们能够参与进来也算是巨大胜利。【5】The adopted target,to cut methane emissions by an order of magnitude,to a mere 0.2%or so of oil and gas production by the end of the decade,is both3denounce

23、/dnans/vt.谴责,指责,斥责,告发(某人从事非法政治活动)He was publicly denounced as a traitor.他被公开谴责为叛徒。greenwashing/ri:nw/n.粉饰，掩盖v.刷绿，粉饰，掩盖 But Shell,No.6 last year,also faces charges fromenvironmental groups of greenwashing,or using shallowclaims of sustainability to cover up eco-unfriendlyoperations.但是去年排名第6的壳牌也面临来自环保

24、组织“漂绿”的指控，“漂绿”就是打着空洞的可持续口号，实际干着危害生态的勾当。phase/fez/n.阶段,时期,月相,(月亮的)盈亏vt.分阶段进行,逐步做 X precipitate phase and the lathy structure.沉淀相及板条状组织所致。campaigners/kmpenz/n.(尤指政治或社会变革的)运动领导者，运动参加者campaigner的复数 Thisproposal will incense conservation campaigners.这项提议将激怒自然保护的倡导者。sceptics/skeptik/n.惯持怀疑态度的人,怀疑论者sceptic

25、的复数 The government must still convince the scepticthat its policy will work.政府仍须使持怀疑态度的人相信其政策可行。jail/deil/n.监狱vt.监禁 The police carted him off tojail.警察把他押到监狱。voluntary/vlnt()r/adj.自愿的,志愿的,主动的,自告奋勇的,自愿性的,无偿的,义务性的,义务的,自发的,随意的n.仪式终始曲，即兴曲(通常用风琴在教堂礼拜仪式前后或期间演奏)I was engaged in a voluntary capacity.我从事一个自愿

26、者的角色。promised/prmst/v.许诺,承诺,答应,保证,使很可能,预示promise的过去分词和过去式 honoured/nd/v.尊敬，尊重(某人),给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号),信守，执行(承诺)honour的过去分词和过去式4reasonable/riz()nb()l/adj.公平的,合理的,有理由的,明智的,可以接受的,合乎情理的,公道的,不太贵的,不错的The ostensible reason wasnt the real reason.表面上的理由并不是真正的理由。dismal/dzm()l/adj.忧郁的,凄凉的,惨淡的,阴沉的,不熟练的,差劲的,不怎么样的 Th

27、at is a rather dismalmelody.那是一支相当忧郁的歌曲。denial/dna()l/n.拒绝,否定,剥夺(应有的权利),否认(令人不快、痛苦的事)Her denial of my advice hurts me.她拒绝我的忠告伤害了我。regulatory/rejultri/adj.监管的,(对工商业)具有监管权的 The profession is policed by its own regulatorybody.这个行业由其自律机构监督。obstruction/bstrk()n/n.障碍物,障碍,阻碍,妨碍,阻挡,堵塞，阻挡(通道等),路障,梗阻,（球类运动）阻挡

28、犯规Your interference is an obstruction of justice.你的干预阻碍了正义。represents/reprzents/v.代表,作为的代言人,维护的利益,等于,相当于,意味着represent的第三人称单数 本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！ambitious and precise.Progress will beindependently verified by third parties,including theUN Environment Programme.Helpfully,the third-party

29、verifiers have a growing toolkit at theirdisposal,from methane-sniffing satellites to ground-based sensors.Any methane-miscreants should havenowhere to hide.协议所采纳的目标宏大而又精准，根据数量级将10年后的甲烷排放削减至石油与天然气生产的0.2%。其进展将由包括联合国环境规划署的第三方来独立检测。有益的是，第三方检验机构已能使用越来越多的工具，从甲烷探测卫星到地面探测器。任何破坏甲烷减排的人都将无处藏身。短语1.原文：Methane i

30、s responsible for perhaps45%of current global warming.词典：be responsible for sth作为原因；成为起因例句：Cigarette smoking is responsible forabout 90%of deaths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。2.原文：which hangs around the atmospherefor hundreds of years.词典：hang about 1.（在某处附近）等待，逗留，闲荡2.慢悠悠3.停一下；等一等例句：kids hangi

31、ng about in the streets在街上东游西逛的孩子们I cant hang aboutthe boss wants to seeme.我可不能磨磨蹭蹭了老板要见我。3.原文：On December 2nd some 50 bighydrocarbon firms pledged in Dubai to all buteliminate the methane emissions associated withthe exploration and production of fossil fuels by2030.词典：all but 1.几乎；差不多2.除外全部例句：The

32、party was all but over when wearrived.我们到的时候，聚会都快要结束了。It was all but impossible to read hiswriting.他的笔迹几乎没法辨认。All but one of the plates were damaged.除去一只，盘子全打碎了。breakthrough/brekru/n.重大进展,突破 本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！companies/kmpniz/n.公司,商号,商行,剧团,演出团,陪伴,做伴company的复数 本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原

33、创，愿诸君上岸！involved/nvlvd/adj.卷入的,参与,作为一部分,有关联,耗费很多时间,关注,关系密切,复杂难解的v.牵涉,包含,需要,使成为必然部分(或结果),牵连,影响,(使)参加，加入involve的过去分词和过去式 It all sounds terriblyinvolved and complicated.这事听起来非常错综复杂。resisted/rzstd/v.抵制,阻挡,反抗,回击,抵抗,忍住,抵挡resist的过去分词和过去式 joining/dini/v.连接,接合,联结,结合,联合,汇合,成为的一员,参加,加入n.连接；接缝join的现在分词 Hewas ba

34、mboozled into joining the club.他是被哄骗来参加俱乐部的。participation/p:tisipein/n.参加,参与 Some of themagic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。5magnitude/mgntjud/n.巨大;震级;星等;重大;重要性;星的亮度 The auditorium is a building of greatmagnitude.这个大礼堂是一栋巨大的建筑物。precise/prsas/adj.准确的,确切的,精确的,明确的,(强调时间或方式等)就，恰好

35、,细致的,精细的,认真的,一丝不苟的 A scientist must be precise in making tests.科学家做试验必须精确。independently/indipendntli/adv.独立地；自立地,无关地 The student union is run independently of collegeauthorities.学生会独立于学院当局。verified/vr,fad/v.核实,查对,核准,证明,证实verify的过去分词和过去式 The police verified that she had anairtight alibi.警方查明她有着无懈可击的不

36、在犯罪现场的证据。parties/p:ti/n.政党,党派,聚会,宴会,联欢会,派对,(一起旅行或参观等的)群，队，组v.寻欢作乐,吃喝玩乐party的第三人称单数和复数 Party congresses at all levels areconvened by Party committees at their respective levels.党的各级代表大会由各级党的委员会召开。toolkit/tulkt/n.(装在箱子或包里的)一套工具,工具箱,工具包,配套软件,软件包,配备用品,装备 disposal/dspz()l/n.处置,处理,去掉,清除,(企业、财产等的)变卖，让与 I a

37、m at your disposal until Sunday.我在星期日前听你调遣。sniffing/snf/v.(吸着气)嗅，闻,抽鼻子(尤指哭泣、患感冒等时出声地用鼻子吸气),抱怨,不以为然地说n.嗅探sniff的现在分词 They all had colds and were sniffing andsneezing.他们都伤风了,呼呼喘气而且打喷嚏。sensors/sens/n.(探测光、热、压力等的)传感器，敏感元件，探测设备sensor的复数 本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！今日词汇essentialisenl a.至关重要的、必不可少的；基本的

38、、本质的n.必需品4.原文：On December 2nd some 50 bighydrocarbon firms pledged in Dubai to all buteliminate the methane emissions associated withthe exploration and production of fossil fuels by2030.词典：be associated with sth（与）相关的；相联系的例句：These symptoms are particularlyassociated with migraine headaches.这些症状尤其与偏

39、头痛相关。5.原文：They also pledged to end routineflaring of methane,词典：pledge to do sth发誓做某事例句：The group has pledged to continuecampaigning.这个组织发誓继续投入运动。6.原文：which is the principal component ofnatural gas.词典：be the/a component of sth是的组成部分例句：Enriched uranium is a key component ofa nuclear weapon.浓缩铀是核武器的关键

40、组成部分。7.原文：After all,the gas that doesnt leak canbe sold for a profit.词典：after all毕竟，终归例句：After all,15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing.毕竟，锻炼15分钟比不锻炼好。Things werent so bad,after all.I was among friends again 情况还不是那么糟糕，毕竟我又回到了朋友当中。8.原文：Some argued that it would not lead to aphase-out of foss

41、il fuels,词典：名词phase-out来源于动词词组phasesthout：逐步废除例句：Subsidies to farmers will be phased outby next year.对农民的补贴将在明年之前逐步废除。9.原文：which they want to kill off,a“get outof jail free”card.词典：kill sb/sthoff 1.大量杀死，大量消灭（动植物等）2.使某事物停止；除掉；排除例句：Some drugs kill off useful bacteria in theusers body.某些药物会杀死服用者体内的有益细菌

42、。He has effectively killed off any politicalopposition.他实际上已消灭了一切对立的政见。10.原文：The companies involved account forsome 40%of global oil production,词典：account for sth 1.是的说明（或原因）2.解释，说明3.（数量上、比例上）占考研出现次数：10+考频：考点回顾阅读考点真题例句：例 The details may be unknowable,but theindependence of standard-setters,essential

43、 to theproper functioning of capital markets,is beingcompromised.（2010年英语一 37题）译 具体细节尚不可知，但是会计规则的制定者们的独立性正在受到威胁，而其独立性对于资本市场的正常运行是至关重要的。翻译考点真题例句：例 By all accounts he was a freethinking person,anda courageous one,and I find couragean essential quality for the understanding,let alone theperformance,of

44、his works.译 人们都认为贝多芬是个思想自由且勇敢无畏的人，我认为勇气是理解其作品的一项必备的素质，更不用说演奏其作品了。（2014年英语一翻译47题）长难句1.原文：On December 2nd some 50 bighydrocarbon firms pledged inDubai to all but eliminate the methaneemissions associated with theexploration and production of fossilfuels by 2030.2.分析：主句是主谓宾结构some 50big hydrocarbon firm

45、s（主语）pledged to eliminate（谓语动词）themethane emissions（宾语）。OnDecember 2nd和by 2030为时间状语，in Dubai为地点状语，all but是程度副词。associated with the exploration andproduction of fossil fuels为后置定语，修饰the methane emissions。3.译文：12月2日，约50家大型烃公司在迪拜承诺，将在2030年前尽力消除所有和化石能源勘探与生产相关的甲烷排放。1.原文：The adopted target,to cutmethane em

46、issions by an order ofmagnitude,to a mere 0.2%or so of oiland gas production by the end of thedecade,is both ambitious and precise.2.分析：主句是主系表结构Theadopted target（主语）is（系动词）both ambitious and precise（表语）。tocut methane emissions to a mere 0.2%orso是target的具体内容，作它的同位语。介词短语of oil and gas production与metha

47、ne emissions搭配，表示“生产石油和天然气导致的甲烷排放”。by the end of the decade作时间状语。3.译文：协议所采纳的目标宏大而又精准，根据数量级将10年后的甲烷排放削减至石油与天然气生产的0.2%。写作技巧:Helpfully,the third-party verifiers have agrowing toolkit at their例旬：The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.天气不好可能是人来得少的原因。How do you account for the shows succe

48、ss?你认为这次演出为何成功？The Japanese market accounts for 35%ofthe co1旮jnys revenue.本市场占该公司收入的35%。11.原文：Still,the deal represents abreakthrough of sorts.词典：of sorts(表示某事物不够好）勉强算的，凑合的例句：He offered us an apolo 他给我们勉强道了个雇人。r of sorts.12.原文：The adopted target,to cut methaneemissions by an order of magnitude,词典：th

49、e order of magnitude程度重要性；数量级（星度物理佩大小的标准，用以10为底的指数表达）例旬：The problem is of the same order of magnitude for all concerned.这个问题对有关各方的影响是样大的。America and Russia do not face aproblem of the same order of magnitudeas Japan.美俄两国所面临问题的重要性与日本的不可同日而语。13.原文：to a mere 0.2%or so of oil and gasproduction by the en

50、d of the decade 词典：.or so.左右；上下例句：There were twenty or so(=about twenty)people there.那儿有差不多二十个人。We st竖ed for an hour or so.我们1寸了个小时左右。disposal,from methane-sniffing satellites to ground-based sensors.Any methane-miscreants should have nowhere to hide.有益的是，第三方检验机构已能使用越来越多的工具，从甲炕探测卫星到地面探测器。任何破坏甲院减排的人都