初中英语外研版八年级下册M3U3预习指导（知识点+练习题）.doc

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1、八年级英语下册 M3U3预习指导一、知识点一、语法：现在完成时（二）1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：（1）二者意义上的区别：现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，它与现在有密切的关系。它不是从时间上就是从结果上和现在联系了起来，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。（2）时间状语上不同：现在完成时的时间状语有：already, yet, still, ever, so far(到目前为止), recently, these days/weeks/years, since +时间点, for + 时间段, in th

2、e last/past (few years)等。一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday 系列；last 系列；ago系列；in + 过去时间；及上下文暗示或其他一些特殊的时间状语Eg: (1) I have already seen the film.(强调我已经知道电影的内容)我已经看过这部电影了。(2) I saw the film last week. (强调我看电影的动作)我上周看了这部电影。2.have been to 去过某地（已经回来了）have gone to 去了某地（还没有回来）have been in 曾住在某地Eg: (1) I have been to Beij

3、ing twice. 我去过北京两次。(2) He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了（还没有回来）。(3) She has been in Beijing for 3 years.她在北京住了三年。3.already, yet, ever, still在现在完成时中的区别：already“已经”用于肯定句中，与现在完成时连用，already不用于否定句中，但可用于疑问句中，表示期待对方做出明确或表示惊讶，此时already位于句末yet“已经”与现在完成时连用，用于否定句或疑问句中，位于句末，可与not连用表示“还没有”ever“曾经”用于现在完成时中，用于否定句、疑问句、比

4、较结构或带if的句子中still“至今还，现在仍然”用于肯定句中Eg: (1) I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。(2) I havent finished reading this book yet.我还没有读完这本书。(3) Have you ever been there?你曾经去过那吗？(4) Tom is still here.汤姆还在那里。注意：在含有already的句子中变一般疑问句时将already变为yet移到句尾Eg: I have already finished working.我已经做完工作了。-Have you fini

5、shed working yet?你已经完成工作？二、知识讲解e back to = go back to .= return to . 返回Eg: The spaceship will come back next year.那艘宇宙飞船明年回来。2.watch TV programme 看电视节目Eg: Ive just watched a great TV programme about space.我刚刚看完这部非常好的关于太空的节目。3.try (动词) “尝试；试图”try to do sth.尽力做某事Eg: I try to study hard to get good mar

6、ks.我尽力努力学习为了取得好分数。try doing sth. 试着做某事Eg: I try cooking well.我试着把饭做的好点。Eg: try a piece 尝一块Try ones best to do sth. 尽全力做某事Eg: I will try my best to help you.我会尽全力帮助你。Try .on.试穿.Eg: Can I try it on?我能试一试它吗？try (名词) 尝试 Eg: have a try 试一试4.Look for “寻找”强调动作Find “找到”强调结果Eg: She looked for her purse every

7、where but she couldnt find it.她到处找她的钱包但是没有找到。5.finish (v.) 完成；结束常见搭配：finish doing sth. 结束做某事Eg: I will finish reading the book in two hours.我两个小时后会读完这本书。6.as形容词 as 像；如同；和一样not so/as 形容词 as 比不上Eg: Jack is not so/as clever as his elder sister.杰克不如他姐姐聪明。That car runs as fast as this car.那辆车和这辆车跑的一样快。7.

8、for a long time 很长时间Eg: We have lived here for a long time.我们已经住在这很长时间了。8.fly to = go to 地点 by plane = take a plane to 地点 “坐飞机去.”Eg: We will fly to Beijing next week.= We will go to Beijing by plane next week.= We will take a plane to Beijing next week.我下周坐飞机去北京。9.Write back 写回信常见搭配：write to sb. 写信给

9、某人Eg: She always writes to me every week.她总是每周给我写信。10.decide to do sth. 决定做某事Decide (动词) “决定” - decision (名词) “决定”常见搭配：make a decision 做决定Eg: We decided to go there by bus.我们决定坐公交车去那。11.watch sb./ sth.doing sth. 看见某人/某物正在做某事watch sb./sth.do sth. 看到某人/某物做某事Eg: I watch them playing games.我看它们在玩游戏。We o

10、ften watch them play football.我们经常看见他们踢足球。12.The name of . .的名字Eg: Do you know the name of the village?你知道这个村庄的名字吗？13.for example “例如”一般用于列举同一类人或事物中的一个例子such as “例如”一般用于列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，但必须少于前面总数。Eg: I like fruit, for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.我喜欢水果，例如，我经常晚上吃香蕉。He knows several langu

11、ages, such as English and Chinese.他直到几种语言，例如英语和中文。14.be named after 被命名为Eg: The book is named after .这本书被命名为你好，妈妈。15.Rest (名词) “休息” (动词) “休息”常见搭配：have a rest = have a break 休息一下Eg: Im too tired, I need to have a rest.我太累了，我需要休息一下。三、写作（一）常见短语1.Land on 着陆2.Receive some messages 收到一些信息3.Several times 几

12、次4.Send sb.sth. 寄给某人某物5.Communicate with sb. 与某人交流（二）常见句型1.Thats because . 那是因为.2.It will take a lot of time. 花了许多时间（三）写作步骤第一步：确认时态为现在完成时和一般过去时第二步：宇宙飞船在哪着陆并发现了什么第三步：为什么火星人没有给我们发信息和拜访我们地球。范文：We sent the spaceship to Mars one year ago, and it has landed since several months ago.We have just received s

13、ome messages from our spaceship to Mars several times.These messages show that there are people on Mars, and they lived there very happily.They didnt send us any messages, thats because they do not know how to do that, and they do not know how to visit us on the earth.So if we want to communicate wi

14、th us , it will take a lot of time.二、练习题一、单项选择( )1.The movie Twilight is very moving and I have seen it twice _.A.just B.already C.yet D.still( )2.My father _ (be) to Qingdao twice.A.was B.has beenC.will be D.is( )3.I have already had _ books.A.hundred of B.hundreds ofC.five hundreds D.five hundreds

15、 of( )4.I have _ finished my work, have you finished yours _?A.already; already B.yet; alreadyC.yet; yet D.already; yet( )5.- Have you ever _ the West Lake?- Yes, I have.A.went to B.gone toC.been in D.been to( )6.I have many pen pals, but _ of them is American.A.Nobody B.none C.nothing D.neither( )7

16、.It is dangerous for us _ the phone while crossing the street.A.answering B.to answerC.answer D.answered( )8.- Is James at home?- No, he _ western schools of China to be a volunteer.A.has gone to B.has been toC.is going to D.are going to( )9.The sun is _ larger than the earth.A.many B.much C.more D.

17、most( )10.Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice.A.wont go; saw B.wont go; will seeC.wont go; has seen D.didnt go; see二、用already, still, yet, ever, just或never 填空11.Be quick! The coffee is _ cold.12.My sister is _ in the college.13.Have you done your homework _?14.My brother has _ made a kite

18、 before, so its his first time.15.Have you _ been to the Great Wall?16.- Have you watered the flowers?- Sorry, not _.17.She has _ read the story.18.I havent finished his homework _.19.Has Lily _ been to Beijing?20.Tony has _ been to Shanghai, I want to go one day.三、选词填空impossible; discovered; differ

19、ent; got; close;called; might; although; larger; sentLots of scientists believe that theres life on other planets.Because of this, they keep doing research about the universe.They have sent astronauts to the moon.And they have 21._ the answer.Theres no life on the moon.Not long ago they 22._ spacesh

20、ips to Mars.There, they didnt find life, either.And they found the environment of Mars was 23._ from that of the earth.Then they knew it was 24._ for people to live on Mars.25._ they havent received a message from other planets, they believe that their idea is right.Recently they have 26._ a planet.

21、Its 27._ Proxima Centaruri.Its very 28._ to our earth.It is just over four light years away.Proxima Centauri is 29._ than the earht.And theres water on this planet.It 30._ mean that life is possible there.Now scientists are studying this planet.Soon they will tell people the answer.四、写作假如你是李华，现在时230

22、0年，由于人口剧增，部分人类选择移民去了月球，你也随父母一起搬去了月球上生活。你的好朋友Peter还居住在地球，他在信中询问你现在的生活，请你给他写一封回信，简要介绍你在月球上的生活。内容可以包括月球上的交通、环境、食物等方面。要求：1.内容包含以上信息，可适当发挥；2.语句连贯、条理清晰；3.不少于80词。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。附：参考答案一、1 - 5 BBBDD 6 - 10 BBABC二、11.already 12.still 13.yet 14.never 15.ever16.yet 17.already 18.yet 19.ever 20.never三、21.got 22

23、.sent 23.different 24.impossible 25.Although11.discovered 27.called 28.close 29.larger 30.might四、Dear Peter,Im happy to hear from you and Im glad to share my life on the moon with you.Spaceship has become the main way for people to go out.Its so fast that people can go anywhere in a short time.There has been no pollution on the moon and the environment has become very clean.Whats more, there have been no additives in the food, so people can eat them without any worries.Im satisfied with the life on the moon and Im looking forward to your visit.Yours,Li Hua6