(完整)初中英语五种基本句型.docx

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1、五种基本句型英语句子由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语等成分构成，依据不同的组合方式，英语简单句有五种基本句型。基本句型综述主语+系动词+表语S+V+P主语+不及物动词S+V主语+及物动词+宾语S+V+O主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+IO+DO主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语S+V+O+OC（-）S+V+P：主语+系动词+表语The apples are red.My sister is out now.He became a scientist.His face goes red.It grew dark.系动词分为：1 .状态系动词表示一种状态如：be; seem

2、 （似乎）；keep （保持）；stay2 .感官系动词如：sound; look; smell; taste; feel3 .变成系动词如：become; turn; get; go; grow（二）s+v：主语+不及物动词不能直接带宾语的动词是不及物动词。Birds fly.Class begins.He runs in the park.We stopped to have a rest.His first book came out in 2003.He didnt go to the cinema yesterday.注意：常见的只能当不及物动词的词。sle即睡觉 come 来 wa

3、lk 步行 work 工作swim 游泳 laugh 笑 happen/take place 发生stay 呆在.go去 arrive 至|达（三）S+V+O:主语+及物动词+宾语可以直接带宾语的动词是及物动词。She likes English.I bought a book yesterday.I know him very well.Jack wrote a book in high school.They want to go.He stopped writing.注意：有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词，后面就可以加 宾语了。You must listen to me.（

4、四）S+V+IO+DO:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，二者合称为双宾语。有些动词，除了带直接宾语外，还要带一个间接宾语。1 .概念：直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的，所以只能是名词或 宾格代词担当。2 .两种句型的相互转换：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语=主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语（直前间后间前介）Give me the book.=Give the book to me.He gave Tom a book yesterday.=He gave a book to Tom yesterday.H

5、e will buy me some books.=He will buy some books for me.She made me a cake.=He made a cake for me.3 .注意：a.当直接宾语是人称代词时，必须用第二种句型（直前间后间前介）。I pass it to my mother.She threw them to me.Give it to me.b. “疑问词+不定式”作直接宾语时，必须用第一种句型（直接宾语放在后面）。句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（疑问词+不定式）He taught me how to read the word.He as

6、ked me why to sing this song.I told him what to do.She asked me which way to go.4.常带双宾语的动词。A:动词后加tosend寄pass传递tell 告诉 return 归还offer提供 sell卖give给show 给看lend借给hand 交给write 写信 throw 扔B:动词后加formake 制造 buy 买doget 得到play 演奏 order为订购sing唱歌 fetch为取来（五）S+V+O+OC:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语在某些及物动词后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补语才能表达

7、 完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语。1 .名词、形容词和不定式都可以作宾语补足语。I will make you captain.Susan found the book boring.He left the window open.The teacher asked him to leave.2 .感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语如果是不定式担当，省去t。see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, let, make, haveHe saw the boy play by the river.He made the boy laugh.She listened to the pianist play the piano.（六）第4种句型和第五种句型（双宾语和复合宾语）的区别。S+V+IO+DO 和 S+V+O+OC 的区另JHe gave me a book.He calls me Tom.He made the boy laugh.He showed us the photos.I found the movie interesting.Miss Zhang teaches us English.总结：a.宾语和宾语补足语形成逻辑上的主谓关系。b.直接宾语只能由名词充当，而宾语补足语可由名词、形容词和动 词不定式充当。