英语四六级写作——作文五大类型总结及范文.docx

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1、第一章 观点论证型一、体裁介绍观点论证型作文，是指命题要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照所给提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，然后表 明自己的立场和观点，通过摆事实、讲道理的方式论述事理，发表意见，确立或否定某一主张。审题思路 考生拿到作文题目后首先应确立论证的主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。对于此类作文， 我们可以按照以下步骤：表明观点，提出论点；论证观点，以事实和数据为依据例证论点；得出结论或表明个人看法与做法。观点论证型作文的写作模式如下：第一部分：总结描述，用一句话概括、描述当今社会存在的某种观点，并做简单的扩展：主题句+扩展句。第二部分：列出论据，说明观点成立的理由：主题句+举例。第三部分

2、：表明自己的观点并结束全文。结尾部分一定要总结自己的观点。二、真题分析Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: It Pays to be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1 .当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。2 .诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。1 .审题列纲在写作之前，考生首先要正确理解It pays to

3、 be honest的含义，即“诚实有益:这是一篇典型的观点论证型 文章，可根据提纲将内容分为三部分：第一部分（第一段）阐述观点及存在的问题；第二部分（第二段及第三段） 针对这一观点从正反两方面列出论据、举出具体的例子来论证这一观点；第四段重申诚实利人利己，做人应该诚 实。2 .写作思路主题分析对诚实的错误观点，并说明自己对诚实重要性的认识。开头段开门见山提出论证观点：诚实有益，同时指出当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。中心段1从个人观点出发，指出诚实是一种重要的品德，因为诚实利人利己。诚实是做人的基本要求。诚实能给我们带来尊敬和友谊。举例说明诚实的好处。中心段2 从反面角度证明欺骗危害大。说明

4、危害：不诚实最终将被他人所唾弃。用事实说明：欺骗将最终害人害己。结论 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。范文It Pays to Be HonestPeople share a firm belief that it pays to be honest. However, it is nothing new for us to find dishonesty in our society. For example, some students cheat in the exams and some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers.T

5、here is no doubt that honesty benefits both the person and others. For one thing, being honest is an essential requirement to be an upright man. For another, only with honesty can we win the respects and friendship. ManyWith the improvement of, there are. For example,. So it is high time. The reason

6、s are: First/At first/To begin with, . Secondly/The second/In addition/Furthermore/Besides, , Lastly/Finally/Last but not least/What is more/Further more,. But how to? In my opinion/For my part, 1 think/As far as I am concerned,. On the one hand,. On the other hand. Therefore, 1 believe.第五章 应用文一、体裁介

7、绍应用文，尤其是信函，近年来的出现率较高，2001年6月、2002年1月、2004年1月和2005年6月这几 次的作文试题均为应用文。在这类题型中，一般会设定一个特定的场景，要求考生在理解的基础上，给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中 明确表达鸯己写信的原因、动机、目的和愿望等。文章所涉及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近, 书信的类型可能干变万化，如邀请信、申请信、求职信、感谢信、道歉信、批评信、抱怨信等，然而万变不离其 宗，只要掌握了英语书信的基本格式，同时掌握其写作的语言，就能创作出一篇好的文章。审题思路 在写书信时，除了信首的称呼和信尾的签名、落款之外，信的主要内容体现在信的主题部

8、分。 一般来说，信的主体部分包括以下三个部分：简短的问候，自我介绍，引出话题，提出写信的目的。就上面所提及的问题，运用举例、比较、因果等手段进行展开阐释。总结补充，提出解决问题的方案或对问题的解决表示期盼，并以简单的结束语收尾。二、真题分析Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write a

9、t least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1 .建议报考的专业及理由；2 .报考该专业的基本备件；3 .应当如何备考。1 .审题列纲本文为应用文中的建议信，向朋友建议报考其所在学校的某个专业，并介绍报考条件及如何备考。根据模板 和提纲要求，可将文章分为三段：第一段提出建议报考的专业及理由；第二段具体说明报考该专业的基本条件； 第三段说明应当如何备考。2 .写作思路主题建议朋友报考其所在学校的某个专业及理由。开头段 开场白，提出建议报考英语专业并具体说明理由。英语是世界上各个领域广泛使用的语言；在日益紧张的

10、就业当中，英语专业更有可能找到好工作。中心段 具体说明报考该专业的基本条件。投入大量的时间；基本的听说读写能力是必须的；对英语有浓厚的兴趣。结论段说明应当如何备考。复习要求的词汇。花一些时间用于阅读和写作。范文A Letter of Reply to a FriendDecember 27, 2003 Dear Tom,I am delighted to learn that you plan to apply for admission to our university. When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose t

11、hat you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields. Whafs more, English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.In order to study at English Department, you have to meet

12、the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the saying goes, Practice makes perfecf In the second plaee, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary. Last but not the least, you need an intense interest in English sinc

13、e interest is the best teacher”.As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, youd better spend some time reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.I am looking forward to your goo

14、d news.Sincerely yours,Li Ming书信的写作1 .书信写作的一般模式与步骤书信类的作文可以是商业信函(business letter).也可以是私人信函(personal letter),看到题目的时候我们要能 够迅速作出判断，以便进一步确定选词、造句、行文的风格。商业信函，一般格式严整、语言正式，在写作的时 候需要注意一些固定的客套语言和行文模式。经常会碰到的有：咨询信、申请信、推荐信、邀请信、投诉信等以 及与之相应的回复信件。私人信函，则是熟人之间联络感情经常使用的联系方式，语言较为随意，格式方面也常 会有很多省略。信件的主要内容一般包括一下几点：称呼(addre

15、ssing)写信的目的及自我介绍(Purpose of the Letter& Self-introduction)背景情况介绍(Background Information)解释情况、说明问题(Explanation Analysis)希望与要求(Need &Demand)结束语(Closing Remarks)签名(Signature)2 .书信的开头称呼与结尾用语结尾Yours faithfully,Yours truly,Very sincerely yours,Yours,Yours sincerely,Yours cordially, Best regards,开头 不知道收信人姓

16、名：Dear Sir,Dear Madam,Dear Sir/Madam,Dear Professor,Dear President/.知道此人的姓氏，但并非写信人的好友：Dear Mr. Jenkins,Dear Ms. Smith,此人是好友:Dear Dr. Write, Dear Sue,Dear Michael,Best wishes,Dear Mary,Lovingly yours,写证明信或介绍信：To whom it may concern,Sincerely yours,3 .书信开头常用的表达句型My purpose of writing this letter is to

17、 .I am writing this letter to .You will be very glad to hear that.The reason that 1 write this letter is to .I was surprised to learn that.（常用于回信）I am sorry it has taken me so long to reply to your letter but.（常用于回信）I would like to inquire about.（常用于询 问信）I apologize for .（常用于道歉信）I am writing to you

18、to complain about .（常用于投诉信）I very much regret to have to inform you that.（常用于道歉信）Ifs my pleasure for me to invite you to .（常用于邀请信）I wish to apply for a position with your company.（常用于申请信）在开头部分，应尽量做到开门见山地表达自己的意见，这与我们汉语中常常在开头寒暄的方式不同。4 .书信常用的结束语I am looking forward to your reply （常用于投诉信）Please be kind

19、enough to take my request into your consideration.（常用于要求，建议）Please accept my apologies once again.（常用于道歉信）Thank you for your attention to this matter.（常用于发出请求）If you need me to do anything else, please let me know.I do hope you will.If I can be of any help, please do not hesitate to tell me.结束语主要是要进

20、一步明确写信人的要求，希望对方重视自己的意见、建议、请求或者致歉，尽快对信的内 容回复。结束语的使用会使信的内答首尾呼应，信件显得更完整，所以写信时，千万不能省略。5 .关于信的主体部分信的主体部分视书信的种类不同而异，主要是同收信人介绍自己的背景、要反映的问题、要抱怨的事情、要 感谢的内容等，可以按照我们所讲的段落写作方法谋篇布局，但要注意以下几点：条理要清楚，最好用first, second等序数词来清楚表达几层意思；用适当的连接词，如therefore, however等来表示句子之间的关系；切忌说空话、大话、信中的每一句话都要说明具体问题，不要过分的谦恭或客气；要将题目所要求要点都包括

21、进去，不可遗漏，也可以想像一些理由原因等，这样可以使文章读起来比较厚实。6 .书信的常见格式书信属于应用文的一种，但它具有有别于一般作文的特殊格式。我们也可用常见的“三段式作文法”来给它 固定一个大概的格式。简单地说，一封完整的书信包括信首、正文和信尾三个部分，而正文部分就可以按照三段 式的方法展开作文。信首：信首要求给出写信人的地址及写信的日期，地址在上，日期在下，位于首页的右上角。当然了，地址 的写法要按照从“小”到“大”的顺序，即：先写门牌号，后面依次写路名、城市名、省名、国名。这一部分要 根据题目的要求所需而定，有时候就只需要写日期。正立：正文则可以套用我们最熟悉的“三段论”的模式。简

22、短的问候，自我介绍，引出话题，提出写信的目的。就上面所提及的问题，运用举例、比较、因果等手段进行展开阐释。总结补充，提出解决问题的方案或对问题的解决表示期盼。并以简单的结束语收尾。信尾：包括结尾谦称和著名。前面的介绍部分可能右些抽象，下面我们看一封书信，帮你弄明白一封完整的英文信到底应该包括哪些部分。信首A.写信人的地址日期。B.收信人姓名地址C.称呼 正文A.引出话题B.展开阐释 内容完整 条理清楚 文字连贯C.表示期盼 信尾 结尾谦称 署名310 Tenth Street Irving, Texas 75000 U.S.A.April 24, 2004 The Manager, Park

23、Hotel, BrightonEnglandDear Sir/Madam,I am writing at the suggestion of a friend who stayed at your hotel last year and has warmly recommended it to me.I expect to arrive in Brighton on June 9th and would like a single room with a private bath. I shall be staying for five days and would like to have

24、all my meals at your hotel.Would you please let me know whether you have a room available and how much my stay is likely to cost?I shall be looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours very truly, Smith Johnexamples can be found to prove the benefits. For example, George Washington was forgiven an

25、d praised by his father after his admission of cutting the cherry tree. With the virtue and others, he was later elected President of the U. S.On the contrary, the deviation from honesty would be harmful. People who always lied would be discarded by others someday. Those who sell fake products may m

26、ake money at first, but consumers wont buy their products anymore. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison.All mentioned above tells us honesty is always seen as an important virtue of the human character. Those honest people will be rewarded in the long run. So as the sa

27、ying goes, Honesty is the best policy.”三、用于驳型和比较型章的句型1. In general, I dont agree with.2. In my opinion, this point of view doesnt hold water.3. The chief reason why . is that.4. There is no truth that.5. It is not true that.6. It can be easily denied that.7. We have no reason to believe that.8. What

28、 is more serious is that.9. But it is pity that.10. Besides, we should not neglect that.11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore .12. Others may find this to be true, but I believe .13. Perhaps I was questioned why .14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem w

29、ith regard to .15. Though we are in basic agreement with., but.16. What seems to be the trouble is .17. Yet differences will be found, thats why I feel that.18. It would be reasonable to take the view thatbut it would be foolish to claim that.19. There is in fact no reason for us so believe that.20.

30、 What these people fail to consider is that.21. It is one thing to insist that it is quite another to show that .22. Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.23. The advantages of B is much greater than those of A.24. As advantage sounds ridiculous when Bs advantages are taken in

31、to consideration.四、万能模板Nowadays/Recently/In recent years/At present, is a common thing/has become more and more popular/has gradually become a concern for many. For example,. All these. There are different attitudes/views towards. Some people hold the idea/believe/think/argue that; While others view

32、 diffcrcntly/hold different views/find it hard to agree. They say/contcnd that. In my opinion/In my view/From my point of view/As far as I am concerned/Personally, I prefer. Personally speaking, I would rather . As long asAVith the development of/By the joint efforts of , well certainly/definitely/n

33、o doubt in the end.第二章利弊选择性一、体裁介绍利弊选择性作文要求我们能对一个论题的正反两个方面加以阐述分析，进一步做出选择，推导出自己认为合 理的解决该问题的模式。审题思路 考生拿到作文题后应确立写作主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。对于此类文章可以分四个 步骤来写：第一段：开头段简述事件。第二段：阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3第三段：阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3第四段：表明自己的观点，结束全文。二、真题分析Directions: For

34、 this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Spring Festival Gala on CCTV. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1 .许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会；2 .但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3 .我的看法。1 .审题列纲审题把握两点，一是体裁，二是题材.。说到体裁，该作文属于正反观点对比论证类的文体；说到题材，本次 作文的话题时关于人们对

35、于春节晚会的不同看法，属于社会生活类话题。没有考查校园类话题，说明社会热点话 题和校园类话题同等重要。根据提纲，作文可分为三个部分：第一个部分陈述事实，“许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春 节晚会”以及具体原因；第二部分阐述另一方面“有些人提出取消春节晚会”这一事实并给出原因；第三段表明 个人观点。2 .写作思路主题春节晚会是否该取消这一热点社会话题的争议性，并表明自己的观点。开头段 对春节晚会这一广泛引起讨论的现象进行简单介绍，点明争论焦点：是否有必要保留春节晚会？并 提出有一些人认为应当保留，具体原因是：春节晚会成为除夕夜当晚家庭团聚的一个不可缺少的节目安排；春节晚会的很多节目十分精彩。第二段 引出另

36、一方观点，“另一些人认为春节晚会应该取消”，具体原因有：春节晚会让人们在除夕夜被动守在电视机前，剥夺了家人之前沟通交流的机会；春节晚会的部分节目缺乏新意。第三段作者的个人观点，具体说明原因，给出建议等。范文Spring Festival Gala on CCTVIt has been a hot topic for a long time whether the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled or not. Many people advocate that CCTV Spring Festival Gala offers a wo

37、nderful opportunity to celebrate this traditional festival, for the Chinese all over the world can share the same happiness and excitement brought by this TV program. In addition, many performances are very impressive, and some can even positively affect our life value.However, every coin has two si

38、des. Some people hold that CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled. One of the most significant reasons may be that this form of celebration force people to spend the eve more passively. Whats more, a great proportion of the programs are not attractive enough.As to me, my favor goes to the for

39、mer opinion, because CCTV Spring Festival Gala gives us another option to celebrate this important moment. But it is really essential to improve the quality of the programs. And I hope some better forms of celebration will be created in the near future.三、表示比较和对照关系的句型1. Ais toB what C is to D. （A 之于

40、B 犹如 C 之于 Do ）2 Just as,so .3. A and B have sth. in common.4. A is similar to B.5. The same is true of./The same can be said of.（也是如止匕。）6. The advantages of A are much greater than B.7. Compared with B, A has many advantages.8. . The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.（利大于弊。）9. . Wonderful as A i

41、s , however, it has its own disadvantages too.10. Although A enjoys considerable advantage over., it can not compete with B in.11. Contrary to widely accepted views, 1 believe that .12. What people fail to consider is that_13. It is one thing to insist that, it is quite another to show that.14. Noth

42、ing can rival.（是无与伦比的。）15. .has drawbacks as well as merits.16. A is superior/inferior to B.17. . .varies from person to person.（是因人而异的。）18. A is just the opposite （to B）.19. A differs from B in that（A 不同于 B 在于-）20. .is not the same （as.）四、万能模扳These days we often hear that. It is common that. People

43、 hold different views about.Some people believe/think/hold/argue/have the idea that. They say/contend that. They point out that. For example.But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that. They argue that.In my opinion/In my view/From my point of view/As far as I am concerned/Perso

44、nally, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing,. For another,. Last but not least,.第三章 现象解释型一、体裁介绍现象解释型作文命题要求考生首先明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象，然后说明改现象反应的社会问题, 解释该现象存在或发生的原因。审题思路 考生拿到作文题后首先应确立写作主题及写作结构。对于此类作文，我们可以分为三部分：第一部分描述现象，引起话题；第二部分对现象进行细致的分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因；第三部分针对现象做出评论，表明自己的态度、观点或做法以及如何在日常生

45、活中有效地发扬该现象的优势 或消除这种现象不利的方面。我们可以把图表说明型作文看作现象解释型作文的变体。在图表说明型作文中，题目提供一些图表信息用来 显示某一现象，情况的变化或发展趋势，要求考生对变化进行描述，说明变化的原因，阐述个人看法。对于图表说明型作文，我们也可以根据命题要求将文章分为三部分：第一部分描述图表中数据的主要趋势，对数据进行分析比较，总结归纳图表内容所呈现的主要特征；第二部分对现象和变化进行细致的分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因；第三部分针对现象和变化做出结论。二、真题分析Example 1Directions: For this part, you are allowed 3

46、0 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Harmfulness of Fake Products. You should write at least 100 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1 .目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)；2 .为什么会有这种现象？3 .举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。1 .审题列纲本文为现象解释型命题作文，可根据提纲要求将文章分为三段：第一段据出现象一一社会上有不少假冒伪劣 产品；第二段详细

47、分析该现象产生的原因，为什么社会上会出现信劣产品？该段第一句承上启下，说明该现象有 几个方面的原因，紧接着后几句分别说明这几方面的原因；最后一段说明伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害, 明确指出必须坚决打击假冒伪劣产品。2 .写作思路主题分析假冒伪劣商品的危害。开头段 指出现象：社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品。中心段说明现象存在的原因。假冒伪劣商品可以为生产商带来巨大的利润。市场监管力度不够。购买到假冒伪劣商品的消费者很难从有关部门获得帮助。结论段伪劣商品危害消费者个人和社会等，必须坚决打击假冒伪劣产品。假冒伪劣商品给消费者造成巨大的损失。假冒伪劣商品危害人们的健康，甚至是生命。必须采取措施打击假冒伪劣商品，这样才能生活得更好。范文Harmfulness of Fake CommoditiesNowadays, there is an increasingly serious social problem of fake commodities. It is common that all kinds of fake commodities are sold in the market. And the questi