2024届高考英语二轮复习：被动语态（素材）.docx

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1、专题十一：被动语态精讲一、概念被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是 动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动 词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有及物动词彳j被动语态。汉语往 往用“被“”受“给“等被动词来表示被动意义。二、将下列语句替换为被动语态EG:1. We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.被动语态English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-

2、time school.2. They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.- 1()() tractors by the end of last year.3. They have warned us to be careful of rats. JWeto be careful of rats by them.4. People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.Plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.5. No one

3、 has ever beaten him at tennis.一He at tennis.三、构成形式助动词+be+及物动词的过去分词情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Tips：时态用法和主动语态相同，只是改变了语态，详见下表。主动语态被动语态f现在时 amVsVare do/does(VWs)amisare+done(V. p,p)一般将来时wilNbe going tobe (about)to+do(V.)will*be*done(V. p.p) waswere d id( V. -ed)waswere*done(V. p p)过去将来时would/should +V.would/shou

4、ld be + done p.p.)现在进行时amMsare+doing(V.-ing)amMsVare+being+done(V. p p)过去进行时waswere*doing(V.-ing)waswere*being+done(Vp p)现在完成时havehas*done(V. p p.)havehas+been+done(V. p.p)过去完成时had*done(V. p.p.)had*been*done(V. p.p.)情态动词情态动词+V-情态动词-be+done(V. pp)四、注意事项(1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词) 例如：appear, die,disa

5、ppear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.等均无被动语 态。(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：例如:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, ha

6、ppen to, take part in, walk into, belong to(3)系动词无被动语态(keep除外)：例如:appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn(4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, life(5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。Eg： (V) She likes to swim.(X ) To swim is liked by her.(6)

7、主动语态to走开，被动语态to回来：在主动语态中，make, let, hear, see, notice等其后跟省略 t。的动词不定式时，变为被动语态时必须还原不定式to。例如：The boss madehim work 14 hours a day.He was made to work 14 hours a day.We heard him singthis song in the room.He was heard to singthis song in the room.(7)带双宾语的动词 give, send , teach , lend , show , pass ,tell等

8、，在变成被动语态时，可以有两种情况.如果用直接 宾语作为被动语态的主语，这时，间接宾语前要加介词t。;如果用 间接宾语做主语,则不加to.如：A pen was given to me by my friend yesterday.My friend gave me a pen yesterday.I was given a pen by my friend yesterday.五、一些非谓语的主动形式表被动意义need, want, require, bear,含义相当于动词不定式的被 动形式Eg： The house needs repairing (to be repaired).wor

9、th后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动 词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Eg： The picture-book is well worth reading.The picture-book is very worthy to be read.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关 系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形 式表示被动含义。Eg： I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.万能句：it, s +adj+for sb to dosth.tooto.结构，主动表备洞含义Eg：

10、 This book is too expensive to buy.介词in, on等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 Eg： The building is under construction.The building is being constructed.习题练1) Chinese kites in ancient times(design) in the shape of birds.2) teacher keeps telling us that the future (belong) to the well-educated.3) My brother and I have (i

11、nvite) her birthday party.4) The Great Wall (know) all over the world.5) Where to have the meeting ( discuss) now.6) The old man is ill. He ( must send) to the hospital.7) The lost boy(not find) so far.8) The food (smell) delicious.9) Last year a large number of trees( cut)down.10) So far, the moon (visit) by man already.