英语口语全攻略语法点线面6.docx

《英语口语全攻略语法点线面6.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语口语全攻略语法点线面6.docx（85页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、口语能力全攻略语法点线面英语中的时态“现在”是一个时 间点吗？ “现在”都会成为“过去”当我们谈未来的时候我们在 谈什么？“过去”和“未来”是无缝衔接的；“现在”是 衔接这两者的一个有弹性的概念。“现在”是一个时间点吗？ “现在”都会成为“过去”当我们谈未来的时候我们在 谈什么？“现在”是我们谈论时间、理解时间的默认 参照点。“现在”不一定是一个时间点，还 可以是近来、目前、现阶段；可以是用现 在的眼光“复盘”过去。现在/present过去/past（现在）将来/future过去将来/pastfuture般/simple进行/progressive完成/perfect完成进行 /progres

2、sive perfectdoam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doingdidwas/were doinghad donehad been doingwill dowill be doingwill have donewill have been doingwould dowould be doingwould have donewould have been done “现在”是一个时间点吗？ “现在”都会成为“过去” 当我们谈未来的时候我们在 谈什么？The sun rises/rose in the morning. 太阳早上升起。It

3、was nine oclock, the sun had risen. 九点了，太阳已经升起。I had a friend; he was a nice guy. 我以前有个朋友，哥们儿人不错。(对比He used to be a nice guy.)I was going to London that week. 我那周正要去伦敦。 “现在”是一个时间点吗? “现在”都会成为“过去” 当我们谈未来的 时候我们在谈什 么？She will be six next year,她明年就六岁 了。 （合理推断）It will rain tomorrow,明天会下雨。（预测）I will love y

4、ou till the end of my days.爱你至 死方休。（承诺）The baby wont eat anything. 宝宝什么都不肯吃。（意愿）“现在”是一个时间点吗? “现在”都会成为“过去”当我们谈未来的 时候我们在谈什 么？facts possibilities 一般：“不表态”和常态-进行：当前/现阶段状况；大写加粗的态度完成：一种特殊的过去完成The sun rises every day.太阳每天升起。I feelJike a drink,我想喝一杯。She finished her homework,她写完了作 业。一般：“不表态”和常态 进行：当前/现 阶段状况

5、；大写 加粗的态度 完成：一种特殊的过去完成Im working in a hospital now. 我目前在一间医院工作。Shes been swimming for two years. 她坚持游泳至今已经两年。一般：“不表态”和常态 进行：当前/现 阶段状况；大写 加粗的态度 完成：一种特殊的过去完成The professor said my work was interesting and inspiring, but I know he was only being polite.教授说我的作品既有趣又有启发性，但 我知道他只是在客套。一般：“不表态”和常态 进行：当前/现 阶段状

6、况；大写 加粗的态度 完成：一种特殊的过去完成By the end of the course, TH be speakinq English fluently.学完这门课，我就能说一口流利的英语 了。Shes always complaininq!她老是没完没了地抱怨！（说话人很反 感她爱抱怨的习惯）英语语法学习的两条主线 时态tense 句型/句子结构 sentence patterns/structures 一般：“不表态”和常态进行：当前/现阶段状况；大 写加粗的态度,完成：一种特殊 的过去He has won82 medals in major international long

7、course competitions, of which 65 were gold, 14 silver, and 3 bronze, spanning the Olympics, the World Championships, and the Pan Pacific Championships.他在奥运会、世锦赛和泛太平洋游泳锦 标赛等国际重大赛事的长池比赛中共获 得65金14银3铜共计82块奖牌。 一般：“不表态”和常态进行：当前/现阶段状况；大 写加粗的态度,完成：一种特殊 的过去He has won82 medals in major international long cour

8、se competitions, of which 65 were gold, 14 silver, and 3 bronze, spanning the Olympics, the World Championships, and the Pan Pacific Championships.立足“现在”，着眼于“过去”的复盘、总结。 一般：“不表态”和常态进行：当前/现阶段状况；大 写加粗的态度,完成：一种特殊 的过去对比：She has finished homework.她已经完成 了作业。She finished homework,她把作业写了。着眼于“过去”，给现在“定性”；强调后续

9、 的结果。 一般：“不表态”和常态进行：当前/现阶段状况；大 写加粗的态度,完成：一种特殊 的过去态度对比：哪一句里的她喝的“最多”？She has already had two beers.她 已经 喝了两瓦啤酒了She has had two beers,她喝了两瓶啤酒ToShe had two beers,她喝了两瓶啤酒。She only had two beers,她只喝了两瓶 啤酒。一 一般：“不表态”和常态进行：当前/现阶段状况；大 写加粗的态度,完成：一种特殊 的过去态度对比：哪一句里的你可能得到一起 吃晚饭的邀请？Did you have dinner?你吃晚饭了吗？ Hav

10、e you had dinner?你吃过晚饭了吗？现在/present过去/past（现在）将来/future过去将来/pastfuture一般/simpledodidwill dowould do完成/perfecthave/has donehad donewill have donewould havedone进行/progressiveam/is/are doingwas/were doingwill be doingwould be doing完成进行/progressiveperfecthave/has beendoinghad been doingwill have beendoi

11、ngwould havebeen done不用助动词/情态 动词帮忙：一般现 在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have 从低配到顶配She flies to London every month,她每个 月者修乘飞机去伦敦。Her flight to Sydney takes off at 9 tomorrow morning,她去悉尼要搭乘的航 班明早九点起飞。He visited Manchester last week. 他壬面丢了曼彻斯特。He grabbed a seat in the waiting room.他 在候车室找了个座位坐下。现在/pr

12、esent过去/past（现在）将来/future过去将来/pastfuture一般/simpledodidwill dowould do完成/perfecthave/has donehad donewill have donewould havedone进行/progressiveam/is/are doingwas/were doingwill be doingwould be doing完成进行/progressiveperfecthave/has beendoinghad been doingwill have beendoingwould havebeen done不用助动词/情态动

13、词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have 从低配到顶配She will be an excellent dancer.她会成为 一名刁潺的舞者。I wHI be home within an hour.我一小时 内到家。（注：在一般将来时中,inanhour一定指的是-,小时之后;表示“之内”要用within。）My sister said she would come tomorrow. 我姐姐说她明天会来。完成进行Wsimple进行 /progressive完成/perfect/progressive perfect现在/presentdoa

14、m/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has beendoing过去/pastdidwas/were doinghad donehad been doing（现在）将来will dowill be doingwill have donewill have been/futuredoing过去将来/pastwould dowould be doingwould havewould havefuturedonebeen done英语通过时态 和时间状语表 达时间：时态/tenses时间状语/time adverbialsI was twelve in 2015. （201

15、5年我 12岁。）They were having dinner when we arrived.（我 们到的时候，他们正在吃菽厂5Ashley went swimming twice a week.（阿什利那 时每周游泳两次。） 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have 从高配到顶配各种进行时态的构成：助动词be +主要动词的现在分词现在分词表达进行状态，反映时间的任务交给助动词beShe is watching TV now,她现在正在看电 视。不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助

16、动词be 插件-助动词have 从高配到顶配各种进行时态的构成：助动词be +主要动词的现在分词现在分词表达进行状态，反映时间的任务交给助动词beShe was watchinq TV an hour ago. 一小时 前她也看电视。 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have 从高配到顶配各种进行时态的构成： 助动词be +主要动词的现在分词现在分词表达进行状态，反映时间的任务 交给助动词beI will be performinq in a rock stars concert this Sunday.本周日我会为一个摇 滚

17、明星的演唱会演奏。（对比I will perform-这里用进行时态更有“即视感”、 更生动地反映了说话人憧憬的心情。） 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have 从高配到顶配各种进行时态的构成：助动词be +主要动词的现在分词现在分词表达进行状态，反应时间的任务 交给助动词beShe thought she would be lyinq on the beach of Hawaii today.那时她还以为她今 天会躺在夏威夷的沙滩上。（回看当时的期待，看来是想多了。）完成进行-/simple进行/progressive完成

18、/perfect/progressive perfect现在/presentdoam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing过去/pastdidwas/were doinghad donehad been doing（现在）将来 /futurewill dowill be doingwill have donewill have been doing过去将来/past futurewould dowould be doingwould have donewould have been done 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件

19、-情态动词will 插件-助动词be插件-助动词have 从高配到顶配各种完成时态的构成：助动词have +主要动词的过去分词过去分词表达完成状态，反映时间的任务交给助动词haveShe has invited twenty people to her birthday party,她已经邀请了20个人参加 她的生日聚会。 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be插件-助动词have 从高配到顶配各种完成时态的构成：助动词have +主要动词的过去分词过去分词表达完成状态，反映时间的任务交给助动词haveShe had watched GoT tw

20、ice before I got to know the series.我知道权力的游戏这部剧的时候她已 经看过两遍了。 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be插件-助动词have 从高配到顶配各种完成时态的构成：助动词have +主要动词的过去分词过去分词表达完成状态，反映时间的任务交给助动词haveMaybe by then you will have chanqed your mind,也许到那时你将已经变圭卜/回 心转意了。 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be插件-助动词have 从高配

21、到顶配各种完成时态的构成：助动词have +主要动词的过去分词过去分词表达完成状态，反映时间的任务 交给助动词haveIf I had started working earlier, I would have finished it now.虚拟语五丁更是我早点开始干活，我现在 应该已经干完了。直播ppt少了had,同学提出时我居然没回过神来, 谢谢指正的同学！完成进行-/simple进行/progressive完成/perfect/progressive perfect现在/presentdoam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has beendoing过去/

22、pastdidwas/were doinghad donehad been doing（现在）将来will dowill be doingwill have donewill have been/futuredoing过去将来/pastwould dowould be doingwould havewould havefuturedonebeen donetense adj.feeling worried, uncomfortable, andunable to relax紧张的,焦虑木安的朗文当代高级英语词典We become tensewhen we talk abouttense. 不用

23、助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have从高配到顶配各种进行完成时态的构成：助动词have + been+主要动词的过去分a现在分词表达进行状态，been表达完成， 表达时间的任务交给助动词haveI have been working as a nurse for 7 years.我干护士这份工作迄今已经7年了。（强 调现在还在做这份工作。） 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have从高配到顶配各种进行完成时态的构成：助动词have + been+主要动词的过去

24、分a现在分词表达进行状态，been表达完成， 表达时间的任务交给助动词haveI had been working as a nurse for 7 years before I met him.认识他的时候，我已经在护士的岗位上做 了，并且强调当时我仍然在做那份工作。 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have从高配到顶配各种进行完成时态的构成：助动词have + been+主要动词的过去分现在分词表达进行状态，been表达完成， 表达时间的任务交给助动词haveI will have been working as a nu

25、rse for 7years by 2020.到2020年我做护士就有7年了。（强调还 会做下去，继往开来。） 不用助动词/情态动词帮忙：一般 现在/过去时 插件-情态动词will 插件-助动词be 插件-助动词have从高配到顶配各种进行完成时态的构成：助动词have + been+主要动词的过去分a现在分词表达进行状态，been表达完成， 表达时间的任务交给助动词haveShe said she would have been working as a nurse for 7 years by 2020.她说到2020年她做护士就有7年了。（非 常不常用，只用于个别间“接引语言”的情 况。

26、）Swimming is a good exercise; Ashley took a swimming course when she was eight; she had never been in a pool before that. Altogether, Ashley has been swimming for 6 years and has swum for over 1000 km.一般现在时：判断；常态。游泳是一种很好的锻炼方式。阿什利8岁 时报了一个游泳班；在那之前她从没下过 水。满打满算，阿什利坚持游泳至今已经 6年了，累计游泳长度超过1000公里。Swimming is

27、 a good exercise; Ashley took a swimminq course when she was eight; she had never been in a pool before that. Altogether, Ashley has been swimming for 6 years and has swum for over 1000 km.一般过去时：陈述一个发生在过去的事实。游泳是一种很好的锻炼方式。阿什利8岁 时报了一个游泳班;在那之前她从没下过 水。满打满算，阿什利坚持游泳至今已经 6年了，累计游泳长度超过1000公里。Swimming is a go

28、od exercise; Ashley took a swimming course when she was eight; she had never been in a pool before that.Altogether, Ashley has been swimming for 6 years and has swum for over 1000 km.过去完成时：“过去的过去”，强调过去的 两件事的先后顺序。游泳是一种很好的锻炼方式。阿什利8岁 时报了一个游泳班；在那之前她从没下过 水。满打满算,阿什利坚持游泳至今已经 6年了，累计游泳长度超过1000公里。Swimming is

29、a good exercise; Ashley took a swimming course when she was eight; she had never been in a pool before that. Altogether, Ashley has been swimming for 6 years and has swum for over 1000 km.现在完成进行时：回首往昔，继往开来。游泳是一种很好的锻炼方式。阿什利8岁 时报了一个游泳班；在那之前她从没下过 水。满打满算，阿什利坚持游泳至今至经 6年了，累计游泳长度超过1000公里。She swam every day

30、 before she went to middle school, and now she swims twice a week. I met Ashley in a swimming club, and we became friends.一般过去时：过去的习惯。她上中学之前每天游泳,现在每周游泳两 次。我是在一个游泳俱乐部认识阿什利的, 之后我们成了朋友。She swam every day before she went to middle school, and now she swims twice a week. I met Ashley in a swimming club,

31、and we became friends.一般现在时：现在的习惯。两泳游周每在现游泳。天游友每N朋前一了之在成学是们中我我上一后她&之什么是“时态”-tense noun.any of the forms of a verb that show the time, continuance, or completion of an action or state that is expressed by the verb. l am5 is in the present tense, zl was is past tense, and I will be is future tense. 动词

32、的时态朗文当代高级英语词典Present-现在Past一过去Future-将来She swam every day before she went to middle school, and now she swims twice a week. I met Ashley in a swimming club, and we became friends.一般过去时：相机发生在过去的两件事， 回忆、叙事常用；不需要“硬凹”过去完成 时。她上中学之前每天游泳，现在每周游泳两 次。我是在一个游泳俱乐部认识阿什利的， 之后我们成了朋友。Yesterday I went to the club, an

33、d Ashley was swimming fast in the pool. When she finished her laps, she told me that she had been swimming for 2 hours when I arrived.一般过去时：发生在过去的瞬间动作。昨天我去了俱乐部，当时阿什利正在泳池 里飞速游泳。她游够了圈数之后，告诉我 说，我到的时候她已经连续游了两小时了。Yesterday I went to the club, and Ashley was swimming fast in the pool. When she finished he

34、r laps, she told me that she had been swimming for 2 hours when I arrived.过去进行时：在过去某个时间点持续进行 的活动。昨天我去了俱乐部，当时阿什利正在泳池 里飞速游泳。她游够了圈数之后,告诉我 说，我到的时候她已经连续游了两小时了。Yesterday I went to the club, and Ashley was swimming fast in the pool. When she finished her laps, she told me that she had been swimming for 2 h

35、ours when I arrived.一般过去时：发生在过去的事情；时间状 语从句说明具体的时间。昨天我去了俱乐部，当时阿什利正在泳池 里飞速游泳。她游够了圈数之后，告诉我 说，我到的时候她已经连续游了两小时了。Yesterday I went to the club, and Ashley was swimming fast in the pool. When she finished her laps, she told me that she had been swimming for 2 hours when I arrived.过去完成进行时：强调过去的某个时间点 之前已经开始并一

36、直持续的活动。这个时 间点由when I arrived说明。昨天我去了俱乐部，当时阿什利正在泳池 里飞速游泳。她游够了圈数之后，告诉我 说，我到的时候她已经连续游了两小时工Ashley has won first place twice in her school swimminq championships, and she is participating in a competition on behalf of her school next month.现在完成时：盘点到现在为止的辉煌成就。阿什利在校游泳比赛中两次夺冠，下个月 她将代表学校比赛。Ashley has won fir

37、st place twice in her school swimming championships, end she is participating in a competition on behalf of her school next month.现在进行时：表达计划中、提上日程的事 情。阿什利在校游泳比赛中两次夺冠，下个月 她将代表学校比赛。Im sure (that) she will be standinq on the winners podium. Ashley wants to be a life-long swimmer, so by 2023, shell have

38、 been swimming for 10 years, and possibly have been a world-famous professional swimmer.主句一般现在时，表达“我”当前的态度： 对Ashley有信心；宾语从句将来进行时， 很有画面感地呈现了我相信Ashley能取得 的成就，比仅仅用将来时更能体现我作为 朋友热切盼望阿什利得奖的心情。我相信她肯定会站上领奖台。阿什利想要 做一个终身泳者，所以到2023年她就将坚 持游泳10年了，而且有可能那时她已经成 为一名世界名将。Im sure (that) she will be standing on the win

39、ners podium. Ashley wants to be a iife-lonq swimmer, so by 2023, shell have been swimming for 10 years, and possibly have been a world-famous professional swimmer.一般现在时，表达当前阶段的意愿。我相信她肯定会站上领奖台。阿什利想要 做一个终身泳者，所以到2023年她就将坚 持游泳10年了，而且有可能那时她已经成 为一名世界名将。Im sure (that) she will be standing on the winners po

40、dium. Ashley wants to be a life-long swimmer, so by 2023, shell have beer swimming for 10 years, and possibly have been a world-famous professional swimmer.将来完成进行时：立足于未来的某个时刻 回顾过去。进行时态强调到那时，Ashley 还将坚持游泳，因为她的目标是终身游泳。我相信她肯定会站上领奖台。阿什利想要 做一个终身泳者，所以到2023年她就将坚 持游泳10年了，而且有可能那时她已经成 为一*名世界名将。什么是“体”-aspect n

41、oun.the form of a verb in grammar that shows whether an action is continuing, or happens always, again and again, or once 动词的体表示动作正在进行、总是发 生、反复发生或发生一次朗文当代高级英语词典Simple - 一般progressive -进行Perfect -完成Im sure (that) she will be standing on the winners podium. Ashley wants to be a life-long swimmer, so b

42、y 2023, shell have been swimming for 10 years, and possibly have been a world-famous professional swimmen将来完成时：立足于未来的某个时刻总结 人生的成就。我相信她肯定会站上领奖台。阿什利想要 做一个终身泳者，所以到2023年她就将坚 持游泳10年了，而且有可能那时她已经成 为一名世界名将。一个彩蛋问题有没有“将来过去时”呢?One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia MarquezMany years later, as he faced

43、 the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buendia was to remember that distant afternoon when his father took him to discover ice.n多年以后，面对行刑队，奥里雷亚诺布恩迪亚上校将会回想起父亲带他去见识冰 块的那个遥远的下午。One Hundred Years of Solitude, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez哪些时态更常用、要优先掌握?现在/present过去/past（现在）将来/future过去将来/pastfuture一般/simpledodi

44、dwill dowould do进行/progressive am/is/are doingwas/were doingwill be doingwould be doing完成/perfecthave/has donehad donewill have donewould havedone完成进行/progressiveperfecthave/has beendoinghad been doingwill have beendoingwould havebeen done同一件事情，常常可以用不同时态表达；使用比较“绕”的时态，常常是一种修辞，了解一下就好，口语中不必太纠结。Thanks a

45、nd see youtense - “时态”:动作发生的时间，动作发生的状态；说话人的情感、态度英语中的16种时态完成进行-/simple进行/progressive完成/perfect/progressive perfect现在/presentdoam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing过去/pastdidwas/were doinghad donehad been doing（现在）将来 /futurewill dowill be doingwill have donewill have been doing过去将来/past futurewould dowould be doingwould have donewould have been done时态之“时”：“相对论”“现在”是一个时 间点吗？ “现在”都会成为“过去”当我们谈未来的时候我们在 谈什么？The sun rises in the morning. 太阳早上升起。I