初中英语2024届中考复习语法知识精讲精练（主语从句+表语从句）.doc

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1、中考英语语法知识精讲精练一、主语从句【知识精讲】在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。1.引导词从属连词：that,whether和if，只起连接作用，不作成分。连接代词what,who,which，作主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词：when,where,why,how，作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式)2.It做形式主语It+be+adj.+that从句 It+be+n/名词词组+that从句It+be+过去分词+that从句 It+be+特殊动词/动词短语+that从句3.

2、从属连词在从句中不充当任何成分，常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。1）that引导的主语从句：不作成分，没实际意义。一般情况that不省略。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知，光沿直线传播。That you dont like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不关我的事。That he got the first prize excited him much.他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。2）whether引导的主语从句：常置于句首，表示“是否”之意；if一般不引

3、导主语从句。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.成功取决于你努力的程度。4.连接代词在从句中起名词或代词的作用，常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, what, whichWhom the letter was from is still unknown.这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。What we shou

4、ld do with the problem is undecided.我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。（what引导主语从句，不表疑问意义）5.连接副词在从句中起副词的作用，常作从句的状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why等。Why he did that wasnt quite clear.他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。Where we can look up his address is still a problem.我们在哪儿可以查他的地址还是个难题。注意：it代替主语从句作形式主语that从句作主语通常用it作形式主语，而将

5、that从句置于句末。1）It +系动词+形容词+that从句It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。形主 系 状 表语 主语从句做真正的主语That the whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear.It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。It is doubtful whether we can get there on time

6、.我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。2）It +系动词+名词+that从句常见的用于此结构的名词有：a pity（遗憾），a shame（遗憾，耻辱）， a fact（事实），an honor（荣耀），a wonder（奇迹），no wonder（难怪），good news（好消息）等。Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.难怪你已取得了如此大的成功。Its a pity that you didnt attend their wedding .你没有参加他们的婚礼真是遗憾。3）It+系动词+动词的过去分词+that从句It is sa

7、id that no passengers were injured in the accident.据说在那次意外事故中没有乘客受伤。It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已被顺利实施。4）It + 特殊动词+ that从句常用于这种结构的动词有：seem看上去,appear显得,happen碰巧,matter关系重大,turn out结果。It seems to me that he objects to the plan.在我看来，他好像反对这个计划。It happened that I

8、met an old friend on the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇见了一位老朋友。【综合练习】用适当的引导词填空。1._ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear.= It is not clear _ she bought so many dictionaries.不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。2._ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy.他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。3.Its a pi

9、ty_ you cant attend my birthday party.很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。4._ we will build a new high school hasnt been decided.我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。5._ breaks the law should be punished.不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。【参考答案】1.Why ;why 2.That 3.that 4.Whether 5.Whoever二、表语从句【知识精讲】表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主句的表语成分。表语从句是在主句中作表语的从句，常跟在be, look, seem等系动

10、词后。1.that, whether引导的表语从句that, whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，不作任何成分；that无实义，whether意为“是否”。The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.事实是我们应该依靠自己。The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the project.问题是我们能否降低这工程的支。2.wh- 词和because引导的表语从句wh- 词包括连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, why，how等，此类词大多表示疑

11、问意义，偶尔表示陈述意义。because引导的表语从句表示陈述意义。The question is how we can persuade him to go.问题是我们如何才能说服他去。That was where we camped last time.那就是上次我们野营的地方。3.as, as if, as though引导的表语从句此类表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the back door.听上去好像有人在敲门。You look

12、 just as you looked 10 years ago.你看上去和十年前完全一样。I feel as though the house is shaking.我感到好像房子在晃动。4.reason作主语时的表语从句reason作主语时，其表语从句需用that引导，一般不用why或because引导。（但reason的定语从句常由why引起）The reason why I do sth.is that .The reason why I like history so much is that it can not only enrich our knowledge but also

13、 open our eyes.The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。（why引导定语从句，the reason是先行词；that引导表语从句，the reason作主语）The reason for the car accident is that the driver was drunk.这次交通事故是司机酒后驾驶导致的。（that引导表语从句，the reason用作主语）【综合练习】1.The traditional view is_we sleep beca

14、use our brain is “programmed”to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that2.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how3. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.where4._ made the scho

15、ol proud was_more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What; because B.What; that C.That; what D.That; because 理由， 应由 that 引导对应的名词5. Are you still thinking about yesterday s game? Oh, that s .A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel about i

16、t D.when I feel excited【参考答案】1.【答案】D【解析】下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句， 如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从 句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。2.【答案】B【解析】 下划线处的引导词引导系动词 is 后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语及物动词，(“I disagree本”身是完整的主谓结构 ），下划线应填入引导词 where， 表语从句 “ where I disagree的意” 思是 “我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方 ”。3.【答案】A【解析】 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词

17、is 连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填 入表示 “因此 ”（指因某种原因所造成的结果 ）的引导词 why。4.【答案】B【解析】第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语， 特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词 what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、理由，应用that引导对应的名词性从句。 理由， 应由 that 引导对应的名词5.【答案】A【解析】A 选项的意思是 “令我感觉激动的事物 ”； B 选项的意思是 “我觉得激动的任何事物 思是“我对它感觉的方式 ”； D选项的意思是 “令我感觉激动的时间 ”。四个选项中 A 最适合跟代表 that 对应， 充当表语从句。4