原版英语RAZ 教案(S) Goliath Beetles - Giant Insects.pdf

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1、WritingImagine being the first person to see a Goliath beetle back in 1766.Write a historical fiction story describing your experience.Use facts and information from the book in your story.ScienceResearch another insect.Write about the ways it is similar to and different from the Goliath beetle.Conn

2、ectionswww.readinga-GIANTS OF THEANIMAL WORLDVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK SLEVELED BOOK SWritten by Ryan JamesGoliath Beetles:Giant InsectsA Reading AZ Level S Leveled BookWord Count:1,074Goliath Beetles:Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Front cover:A Goliath bee

3、tle climbing a tree branch in the Ituri Rainforest in AfricaTitle page:A Goliath using its sharp claws to descend a fig tree Page 3:A Goliath about to eat part of a banana in the wildPhoto Credits:Front cover,page 15(bottom):Bruce Davidson/NPL/Minden Pictures;cover icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinks

4、tock;title page:Piotr Naskrecki/Minden Pictures;page 3:A Hartl/Blickwinkel/age fotostock;page 5(top left):Lightboxx/D;page 5(top right):Pablo Yoder/07D;page 5(bottom):F.Teigler/Blickwinkel/age fotostock;pages 6(top left),8:Mauro Fermariello/Science Source;page 6(top center):Francisco Martinez-Clavel

5、 Martinez/Alamy;page 6(top right,bottom left):Pascal Goetgheluck/Science Source;page 6(bottom right):Marcouliana/D;page 10:The Natural History Museum/Alamy;page 14:Oldrich Jahn;page 15(top):Biosphoto/Biosphoto/Superstockwww.readinga-adaptedagileburrowcaptivefeatureslarvaescarabsocialspeciesWords to

6、KnowWritten by Ryan JamesWhat features allow the Goliath beetle to live in the tropical rainforests and dry grasslands of Africa?Focus QuestionGoliath Beetles:Giant InsectsGiants of the Animal World Level S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Ryan JamesAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Goliath Beetles

7、:Giant Insects CorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Table of ContentsBiggest Beetle.4Giant Insects .5All Kinds of Beetles .6Beetles,Beetles,Everywhere!.7All in the Family .9Speedy Beetles .10An African Home .11The Circle of Life.13An Immensely Interesting Insect .15Glossary .16

8、Biggest BeetleStriped like a zebra and as agile as an acrobat,the Goliath beetle is one amazing insect!Goliath beetles grow as big as sparrows and weigh nearly twice as much.Their larvae are even bigger.Its no wonder Goliath beetles are considered giants of the insect world.How Big Is It?How Big Is

9、It?Goliath beetle larvalength:5 inches (12.7 cm)weight:3.5 ounces(99.2 g)Human handlength:7.44 inches(18.89 cm)width:3.3 inches(8.4 cm)Goliath beetlelength:4.33 inches (10.99 cm)weight:1.7 ounces(48.2 g)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S56Six Types of Goliath BeetlesSix Types of Goliath BeetlesGi

10、ant InsectsFossils from three hundred million years ago prove there were once dragonflies with hawk-sized wingspans,but scientists think Goliath beetles have reached the size limit for modern insects.Earths atmosphere contains less oxygen now than it did millions of years ago.With less oxygen in the

11、 air,“monster insects”at least,monsters bigger than Goliath beetlesare a thing of the past.A few modern-day beetles beat the Goliath in the length department.Rhinoceros beetles have massive horns that nearly double their overall body length.However,they cant compare to Goliath beetles body size or w

12、eight,so Goliaths win as the heavyweight champs!All Kinds of BeetlesThe name“Goliath beetle”actually refers to six separate,related types of beetles.Most have black stripes on all or part of their bodies,which led early British scientists to call them“zebra beetles.”No two beetles markings are ident

13、ical,even within a single Goliath species.That makes it hard to identify various types of Goliath beetles.Over the years,insect scientists thought they had identified over two dozen different types of Goliath beetles.Today,though,experts agree that there are only six types.Beetles come in all shapes

14、 and sizes,but Goliath beetles outweigh them all!Rhinoceros beetleHercules beetleGoliath beetleGoliathus goliatus(go-LY-uh-thus go-LY-uh-tuhs)Goliathus regius(go-LY-uh-thus REJ-ee-us)Goliathus cacicus(go-LY-uh-thus KA-sih-kus)Goliathus albosignatus(go-LY-uh-thus al-bo-SIG-nuh-tuhs)Goliathus oriental

15、is(go-LY-uh-thus or-ee-en-TAH-lis)Goliathus“atlas”(go-LY-uh-thus AT-luhs)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S78Beetles,Beetles,Everywhere!Youve probably noticed ladybugs and other kinds of beetles in your neighborhood.They might not appear to be much like Goliath beetles,but they have several featu

16、res in common with the larger insects.For instance,all beetles have two pairs of wings:large,softer hind wings used for flying and smaller,harder front wings.The front wings act like sturdy,protective armor and completely cover the more delicate hind wings when they arent in use.Insects have mouths

17、that have adapted for different purposes.A butterflys mouth is suited for sipping nectar,and a mosquitos mouth is suited for piercing skin.While beetles do sip tree sap,their mouths are particularly well suited for chewing.Many kinds of beetles can be found on flowers,where they feed on pollen or fl

18、ower petals.Goliath beetles,however,probably dont feed on flowers.Scientists think the supersized insects are too heavy for flowers to support their weight.What Makes a Goliath Beetle an Insect?What Makes a Goliath Beetle an Insect?All insects have wings legs with joints (most have six)three main bo

19、dy parts:head,thorax,and abdomen an outside skeleton Antennae can unfold to improve the beetles ability to sense its environment.Hardened wings protect the delicate flying wings.Male Goliath beetles have Y-shaped horns used for battle.Sharp claws give Goliath beetles a strong grip for climbing.headt

20、horaxabdomenGoliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S910Goliath Beetle AntennaeAll in the FamilyThere are more than one hundred different families of beetles.In scientific terms,an animal family is a group that shares similar features.Goliath beetles belong to the scarab beetle family,a group that also

21、includes rhinoceros and dung beetles.All beetles use their antennae to detect odors and chemicals in their environment.Scarab beetles antennae have a special shape,with separate,overlapping plates that can open like a fan.Opening the antennae increases their size,which scientists believe makes the a

22、ntennae more sensitive.Goliath beetles use their antennae to detect food,such as rotting fruit.Male beetles also use their antennae to find mates.Speedy BeetlesYou might think giant beetles would be slow and clumsy,but not Goliaths.Theyre so skillful at flying that early insect collectors had to sho

23、ot Goliath beetles out of the sky to catch them!Even today,scientists have trouble getting near them.Scientist Dr.Brett Ratcliffe explains,“They are very difficult to observe in nature.”Much of what scientists know about Goliath beetles comes from studying captive insects.How do scientists find capt

24、ive insects?Luckily,quite a few insect fans like to raise Goliath beetles as pets.Beetle Cold CaseWorkers at Londons Natural History Museum found several holes punched through the body of a Goliath beetle in the museums collection.A scientist recently showed that the holes were actually gunshot woun

25、ds.X-rays revealed a shotgun pellet still inside the beetles body.On the basis of the location of the wounds on the body,the scientist reported that the beetle was shot while flyingupside down!Expanding antennae help scarab beetles sense their environment.ClosedHalf openOpenGoliath Beetles:Giant Ins

26、ects Level S1112An African HomeGoliath beetles live in tropical rainforests and dry grasslands in Africa.These areas are warm year-round,with a dry season that lasts several months of the year.Wild Goliath beetles feed on fruit that grows during the wet season.While they have mouths for chewing,they

27、 also feed on tree sap,which is most common during the wet seasons warm,humid conditions.Sharp claws help them scratch through bark to reach the sweet sap underneath.Goliath beetles sometimes gather on trees where food is plentiful.However,Goliaths spend most of their time on their own.“They are not

28、 social insects,”says Dr.Ratcliffe.Male Goliath beetles defend the best feeding sites against intruders.The heads of all male Goliaths have Y-shaped horns,which they use to push away other males.Scientists think that claiming the best feeding sites may help males attract females.Female Goliath beetl

29、es dig deep into the soil when they are ready to lay eggs.They may lay up to one hundred eggs at a time!The eggs hatch after about two weeks and the young larvae come out.The eyeless,wingless larvae spend all their time eating and growing.They feed on rotting plant matter in the soil.They may also e

30、at smaller beetle larvae and adult insects.Goliath larvae reach full size in about four months.The larger species can grow up to 5 inches(12.7 cm)in lengthabout as long as a dollar bill.They can weigh up to 3.5 ounces(100 g)about the same as five mice.ATLANTIC OCEANINDIAN OCEANAFRICAWhere Goliath Be

31、etles LiveWhere Goliath Beetles LiveGoliath beetle rangeEquatorGoliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S1314The Circle of LifeWhen the wet season ends,the larvae burrow deeper underground until they reach sandy soil.There,they build thin-walled“cells”similar to butterfly cocoons.Inside each cell,over th

32、e next several months,a larvas body goes through changes and turns into its adult form.Wings and legs grow and fold into place,and the outside of the body hardens into a protective shell.The adult Goliath beetle remains in hibernation inside the earthen cell until the end of the dry season.When the

33、wet season begins again,moisture seeps through the ground.When it reaches the cell,the hibernating beetle wakes and the cycle begins again.In captivity,adults can survive about eight months.In the wild,though,Goliath beetles must find food and escape enemies.For these reasons,their life in the wild

34、is probably much shorter.Scientists think that monkeys and large birds might eat Goliath beetlesif they can catch them.Goliath beetles do such a good job of hiding in treetops that no one knows for sure.Inside the cell,a developing Goliath grows legs and an outer skeleton.After an egg hatches,a Goli

35、ath beetle goes through four more stages on its way to becoming an adult.EggsWings and legs growAdultGoliath Beetle Life CycleGoliath Beetle Life CycleLarva 1(after hatching)Larva 2(after 1st molt)Larva 3(after 2nd molt)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S1516 An Immensely Interesting InsectMost of

36、 us have probably never seen insects larger than a grasshopper.Imagine his reaction when a navy doctor fished the first-known Goliath beetle from an African river in 1766.Since then,these giant beetles have interested insect fans everywhere.No wonder!With their enormous size and flashy stripes,Golia

37、th beetles are a sight to behold.Goliaths are speedy flying machines,heavyweight champs,and all-around awesome insects!Glossaryadapted(v.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or environment(p.7)agile(adj.)able to move quickly and accurately(p.4)burrow(v.)to dig a tunnel or hole(p.13)captive(ad

38、j.)confined or without freedom (p.10)features(n.)traits,characteristics,or parts of something(p.7)larvae(n.)baby animals that go through major body changes before they look like adult members of their kind(p.4)scarab(n.)a type of large beetle with a hard shell that is often black(p.9)social(adj.)naturally tending to live in a group(p.12)species(n.)a group of living things that are physically similar and can reproduce(p.6)A male Goliath climbs on a human hand in Cameroon,Africa.A rare shot of a Goliath beetle in flight in the Ituri Rainforest ReserveGoliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S