原版英语RAZ 教案The Life of Cesar Chavez.pdf

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1、www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK YWritten by Terry L.ScottThe Life of Cesar ChavezA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:2,189The Life of Cesar ChavezWritten by Terry L.ScottThe Life of Cesar ChavezThe Life of Cesar ChavezLevel Y Leveled Book Le

2、arning AZWritten by Terry L.ScottAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,title page,pages 13,18,19,21:1976 George Ballis/Take Stock/The Image Works;back cover,page 17:1976 Bob Fitch/Take Stock/The Image Works;page 3:Carlos Rene Perez/AP Images;pages 5,8(all),10,16:courtesy of the

3、Cesar E.Chavez Foundation;pages 6,7,9:courtesy of The National Archives and Records Administration;page 11:Dinodia Photos/Alamy;pages 12,23:Bettmann/Corbis;page 15(top):1961 Ernest Lowe/Take Stock/The Image Works;page 15(bottom):REUTERS/HO/Landov;pages 20,22:AP ImagesSpecial thanks to Paul S.Park,Ju

4、an-Carlos Orellana,and Julie Chavez Rodriguez at the Cesar E.Chavez Foundation(www.cesarechavezfoundation.org)for their generous assistance with this project.About the Author:Terry L.Carruthers Vasquez Scott worked with the United Farm Workers for 14 years,from 1974 until 1988.She was a boycott dire

5、ctor in several cities and also spent ten years working at La Paz,the UFWs administrative headquarters.During 1976,she was a member of Cesars personal staff,meeting with him on a daily basis and helping ensure that projects were being completed according to his wishes.She was present in Delano for C

6、esars last fast in 1988,and also for his funeral in 1993.Cover photo:Cesar Chavez marches with farm workers in 1976.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4A Humble Beginning .5Big Changes .6Tough Times.8The Beginning of Activism .11Si S

7、e Puede:The Birth of a Union .14Huelga!The Delano Grape Strike.18Just the Beginning.22Cesars Legacy.24Explore More .25Glossary .26IntroductionCesar Chavez was one of the most famous labor leaders in the world.Today,more than a decade after his death,he continues to be one of the most revered and bes

8、t-loved Hispanic figures in the history of the United States.He was a poor farm worker with little formal education,but against great odds he founded and successfully organized a labor union for farm workers.A union is a group of workers who gather their power together to fight against low wages and

9、 dangerous working conditions.Cesar was absolutely dedicated to nonviolence and used many creative tactics in his organizing,such as boycotts,fasts,marches,and civil disobedience.Although he worked tirelessly to improve wages and working conditions for farm workers,Cesar never earned more than$6,000

10、 per year.Through his example of fighting courageously for the dignity of all people,he inspired millions of Americans to work for social justice for poor people around the world.He was a humble and spiritual man who dedicated his life to helping others.He was a true American hero.This is his story.

11、The Life of Cesar Chavez Level Y56A Humble BeginningCesar Estrada Chavez was born on March 31,1927,near Yuma,Arizona.When Cesar was five years old,his family moved to a small farm that had belonged to his grandfather.Cesars memories of the farm were filled with the love of his family and the securit

12、y of being part of a stable community.He and his younger brother Richard were inseparable,and although they had to do chores around the farm,they also had time to play and explore the Arizona landscape.Cesar loved reading and learning,but his early experiences with school were not positive.Cesars fa

13、mily spoke only Spanish at home,but at school Cesar was punished with a smack of a ruler across his knuckles if he used his native language.At school,he was discriminated against for being Mexican-American and was hurt and angry at being treated like a second-class citizen.Cesars mother,Juana,a devo

14、ut Catholic,was a firm believer in nonviolence.She insisted that Cesar never react violently to the injustice he witnessed and experienced.Big ChangesLife for the Chavez family changed abruptly in 1937.Through a series of bad deals by one of their neighbors,the Chavez family lost their farm.They joi

15、ned the many other poor families who traveled west during the Great Depression,looking for jobs as migrant farm workers.Life on the road was very different from life on their farm in Arizona.Most farms in California were owned by corporations or wealthy growers who wanted cheap labor in order to kee

16、p profits high.They provided camps for the workers to live in.Many families crowded into tiny shacks,while others lived in tents along riverbanks or under bridges.Growers often provided poor housing.Cesar at age 3 with an unidentified friendThe Life of Cesar Chavez Level Y78Besides being hard work f

17、or low pay,farm labor was also dangerous.Farm machine accidents and exposure to insect-and weed-killing chemicals resulted in injury,illness,and even death.Basic necessities,such as toilets and fresh water,often were not provided.With so many people looking for work,it was difficult to find jobs,and

18、 money was scarce.Even though the farm workers harvested tons of fruit and vegetables,many did not earn enough to buy food for themselves.Although the Chavez family was also struggling,Cesars mother often shared their food with others who were less fortunate.Cesar didnt understand thiswhy would his

19、mother give away the little food they had worked so hard to get?But Juana always insisted that service to others was more important than satisfying ones own needs.Tough TimesFor several years,the Chavez family moved around California,finding work wherever they could.By the time Cesar graduated from

20、the eighth grade,he had gone to more than 30 schools.He was often teased because he didnt have decent clothes or shoes and because he spoke English with an accent.Cesar and his siblings did odd jobs after school and worked in the fields with their parents on weekends and during the summer.Working in

21、 the fields was drudgery.Cesar hated that his family had to work for someone else,rather than for themselves.He felt closed in by the crowded barrios and labor camps,and he painfully missed the freedom of the family farm.Cesars graduation from the eighth grade in the early 1940sHarvesting crops was

22、backbreaking labor.The Life of Cesar Chavez Level Y910But the worst part about being a migrant worker was the fact that workers were often cheated out of their already meager pay.Labor contractors promised work when there was none,or kept workers wages until they completed a dangerous job.One time,t

23、he whole family worked at a vineyard for seven weeks,seven days a week.At the end of the harvest,they found that the contractor had left without paying them,and there was nothing they could do.Many times,the whole family walked away from jobs when they felt they were being treated unfairly.Dignity w

24、as more important than the money they would earn.At age 15,Cesar left school and worked in the fields full time to help support his family.Two years later,during World War II,he joined the U.S.Navy,hoping to get away from the life of a migrant worker.Even though he never fought in combat,he didnt en

25、joy the military,and he returned to California when his tour of duty ended.He married Helen Fabela,and they had eight children.They dreamed of sending their children to college so they might have an easier life than Cesar had.The family moved to San Jose,California,to be closer to Cesars brother Ric

26、hard,settling into a barrio known as Sal Si Puedes“get out if you can.”A farm worker irrigating a field by handCesar in the Navy,1946The Life of Cesar Chavez Level Y1112The Beginning of ActivismIn Sal Si Puedes,Cesar often drove Father Donald McDonnell,a Catholic priest,to and from the labor camps t

27、o say Mass for the workers.On their long drives,they would talk about farm workers.While Cesar knew a lot about the actual work,he knew very little about the economics behind labor,which Father McDonnell explained.Father McDonnell also gave Cesar many books on social injustice,including a biography

28、of Mohandas K.Gandhi.Gandhi led the nation of India to independence from British colonial rule entirely through nonviolent means.He organized millions of Indians into a peaceful yet powerful economic and political force.What stood out to Cesar was the fact that,rather than giving orders,Gandhi led b

29、y example,staging protests,hunger strikes,and civil disobedience.Eventually,Cesar heard of a group called the Community Service Organization(CSO).The CSO worked in urban areas in California,helping poor people register to vote,get access to health care,and fight police brutality and racial discrimin

30、ation.Cesar met a man named Fred Ross and accompanied him to CSO meetings.He watched the way Fred helped people through grass-roots organizing.Fred was a great motivator who inspired people to stand up for themselves.Before long,Cesar was working for the CSO full time,and after ten years he rose to

31、become its national director.Cesar and Fred Ross march as part of a boycott in 1982.Mohandas K.GandhiThe Life of Cesar Chavez Level Y1314But Cesar wanted to do more.He proposed that the CSO organize a labor union for farm workers.The idea was supported by Dolores Huerta,another young activist.The CS

32、O was opposed to the idea;they thought unions were controversial and dangerous.When the proposal came up for a vote,it was defeated.After the vote,Cesar stood up and announced that he was resigning as national director.Two weeks later,on his 35th birthday,Cesar left the CSO in order to start a union

33、 for farm workers.Si Se Puede:The Birth of a UnionA labor union is a group of workers who organize together,pooling their money and power.Unions are much stronger than individual workers,and as a group,unionized workers can demand certain rights and benefits.If a union is dissatisfied with a job,it

34、can go on strike,refusing to work and shutting down an industry until its demands are met.Many factories,mills,mines,and docks had been unionized by the 1930s,resulting in higher wages,safer working conditions,and other benefits,such as medical insurance.But many people considered organizing a labor

35、 union for farm workers to be impossible.Farm workers moved around following the crops,not staying in one place long enough to plan action.Also,they were often recent immigrants who did not speak English well and were afraid to make trouble for themselves.Finally,unlike industrial workers,farm worke

36、rs had no laws protecting them from being fired if they tried to organize.For farm workers who lived in labor camps,being fired meant not only losing their jobs,but also losing their homes.Cesar knew a union could make big improvements in the lives of farm workers,and he believed that,even though ot

37、hers had failed,Si Se Puede“it could be done.”Dolores Huerta speaks to a United Farm Workers gathering in 1969.The Life of Cesar Chavez Level Y1516Cesar and Helen moved to Helens hometown of Delano,California,where her family could help care for the children.Helens support of Cesars work and goals w

38、as crucial to Cesar,since he would not have an income.Cesar began driving up and down the fertile San Joaquin Valley in an old beat-up station wagon.He met with farm workers in their homes and talked with them about their problems.His plan was to build the union slowly,one worker at a time.He felt v

39、ery strongly that the union must belong to the workers,not to outside organizers.Cesar,Helen,and six of their eight children in the late 1960s in Delano,California.Top row(left to right):Ana,Eloise,Sylvia,Helen,Cesar;bottom row(left to right):Paul,Elizabeth,Anthony.Not pictured:Fernando and Linda.Th

40、ese photos show two situations the United Farm Workers fought against:child labor(left)and the short-handled hoe(below).The short-handled hoe forced farm workers to bend and stoop all day long.Working in this position often led to severe pain and lifelong back injuries.The short-handled hoe was bann

41、ed from use in California in 1975.The Life of Cesar Chavez Level Y1718Cesar was small and soft-spoken,but he was very persuasive.Soon others,like Dolores Huerta from the CSO,joined his efforts,although none of them,including Cesar,were paid.Many times,Cesar didnt know how they would buy gas or food,

42、but somehow things worked out.Often,the farm workers fed Cesar and the other organizers when they came to their homes.Huelga!The Delano Grape StrikeIn 1965,a group of Filipino farm workers went on strike against the Delano-area grape growers.They were asking for a pay raise to$1.40 an hour.Cesar had

43、 hoped for another two or three years of organizing before calling a big strike,but he knew he had to support the Filipino strikers.One week later,1,200 member families of Cesars National Farm Workers Association(NFWA)voted to join the strike.All of the laborers stopped working,even though there was

44、 only$82 in the union treasury to support them.Cesar speaking to farm workersCesar stands with the National Farm Workers Association,carrying signs supporting the huelga,or strike.The Life of Cesar Chavez Level Y1920Workers set up picket lines in the fields,proudly waving their homemade union flags,

45、which were red with a black eagle in the center.Support for the strike was strong,but Cesar knew it would be a tense situation.Right from the start,he insisted that the union members never use violence.Cesar also understood that in order for the strike to succeed,it was important to get support from

46、 outside the Delano area.Strikers and their families went to cities all across North America,telling people about the working conditions of the grape pickers and asking them not to buy grapes.The boycott would take business away from the growers until they were willing to sign a union contract.Durin

47、g the long struggle,Cesar worked tirelessly,and like Gandhi,he led by example.His deep religious faith helped him through many tough times.Angry grape growers made threats on Cesars life.He also faced challenges from within the union.At one point,some of the farm workers became discouraged and wante

48、d to resort to violence.If the grape growers wouldnt listen and the police kept trying to break up the picket lines,why shouldnt the workers fight back?Farm workers marching in 1966Cesar worked extremely long hours during the strike.He is pictured here at one of the union offices in 1965.The Life of

49、 Cesar Chavez Level Y2122Cesar had to make the workers stop and think about what they were suggesting.He went on a water-only fast that lasted 25 days.Those who still wanted to use violence would have to face the consequences of allowing Cesar to starve.The fast had a tremendous impact.People worrie

50、d that Cesar would damage his health,but when they saw him making such a huge sacrifice,it made them think about what they were doing.Cesars fast re-energized the farm workers and put an end to the talk of violence.Just the BeginningSupport for the boycott continued,and after five long years,the Del