原版英语RAZ 教案Saladin.pdf

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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.SaladinA Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,487WritingSaladin said,“I have become as great as I am because I have won mens hearts by gentleness and kindness.”Write an essay explaining how he accomplished this.Use details from the book

2、 and outside resources.Social StudiesLocate Jerusalem on the map.Discuss with a partner why the three religions of Judaism,Islam,and Christianity all claim rightful ownership of the holy city.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Dorothy KensingtonLEVELED BOOK XLEVELED BOOK XSaladinwww.readinga-What ma

3、de Saladin a respected leader?Focus QuestionWritten by Dorothy KensingtonSaladinSaladinWorld Leaders Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Dorothy KensingtonAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A French portrait of Saladin from the sixteenth centuryTitle page:A portrait of SaladinPage 3

4、:Today,Middle Eastern countries include Turkey,Cyprus,Syria,Lebanon,Iraq,Iran,Israel,the West Bank,the Gaza Strip,Jordan,Egypt,Sudan,Libya,and the countries on the Arabian peninsula.Photo Credits:Front cover,page 11:Granger,NYC;title page:Hulton Archive/Hulton Royals Collection/Getty Images;page 4:A

5、lexey Stiop/123RF;page 5:DEA/De Agostini/Getty Images;page 6:P 7:travelpixs/Alamy Stock Photo;page 8:De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images;page 12:Pantheon/Pantheon/SuperStock;page 13(left):imageBROKER/imageBROKER/SuperStock;page 13(right):David Lyon/Alamy Stock Photo;page 14:Eye Ubiquitous/REX/S

6、hutterstock;page 15(left):The Art Archive/The Art Archive/SuperStock;page 15(top right):J.D.Dallet/age fotostock/SuperStock;page 15(bottom right):First Crusade,Escott,Dan/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman ImagescaravanslootedmosqueMuslimpilgrimageraidedsacredshrinessultantrucevengefulvirtu

7、ousWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3The Middle East in Saladins Time,11371193The Middle East in Saladins Time,11371193PERSIAN GULFCASPIAN SEAMEDITERRANEAN SEARED SEAEGYPTTikritBaghdadJaffaJerusalemCairoBaalbekAleppoDamascusEuphrates RiverTigris RiverHattinSyrian

8、 DesertArabian DesertMESOPOTAMIAAFRICAASIAEUROPESaladin Level XTable of ContentsThe Middle East .4Early Years .5Rise to Power .7Fighting the Franks .9A Fierce Opponent .11After the Truce .13An Honorable Leader .14Glossary .164Jerusalem is one of the worlds oldest cities.Today it is the capital of Is

9、rael.The Middle EastSaladin lived in a part of the world known as the Middle East nearly nine hundred years ago.As a young Muslim,he studied his faith and carefully followed its teachings.As an adult,he became one of the most famous Muslim military leaders in history.The world Saladin was born into

10、was complex.The city of Jerusalem is considered holy by three world religions:Judaism,Islam,and Christianity.The city has many buildings and other sites that are sacred to the three religions followers.For centuries,Muslim-ruled Jerusalem was home to Muslims,Christians,and Jews alike.In 1099,decades

11、 before Saladins birth,Western European Christians arrived in the holy city and seized control.They promised safety to the citys residents but instead killed thousands.Saladin would reclaim Jerusalem for Muslims.5Saladins Muslim name is Salah al-Din,which means“he who honors the faith.”Saladin is th

12、e Western version of his name.Saladin Level XEarly YearsSaladin was born in 1137 or 1138 to a Muslim family in Tikrit,Mesopotamiamany miles from Jerusalem.He was the son of a wealthy chief.The family left Tikrit when Saladin was an infant and moved west to Aleppo,in northern Syria.The area,which was

13、 under the leadership of Sultan Zengi,was part of the Turkish Empire.Saladins father went to work for Zengi when Saladin was six.The family moved again,to Baalbek and Damascus,where Saladin attended school at a mosque beginning at age seven.He learned about following the Five Pillars of Islam:faith,

14、prayer,fasting,the giving of alms(money or food for poor people),and pilgrimage.He also studied science,math,poetry,religion,and Arabic history and culture.He was more interested in becoming a scholar than preparing for a military career.6Muslim society placed great importance on leading a spiritual

15、 life and having a connection with Allah(God).Muslims were taught to be fair,generous,loving,merciful,noble,and humble.Saladins life underwent a great change in 1146.Zengis second son,Nur al-Din,took control of part of his fathers kingdom after Zengi died.Saladins father became governor of Damascus,

16、and Saladins uncle Shirkuh became a military general.Saladin joined Nur al-Dins army at age fourteen and became the sultans chief aide a few years later.The sultan was rich and powerful,but he led a life of honor and simplicity.He ruled with fairness and used his wealth to help his people.Nur al-Din

17、 was a model for Saladins life.The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam7Saladin ordered the Citadel of Saladin,in Egypt,to be built between 1176 and 1184.It was built for protection from Western European Christians.Saladin Level XRise to PowerSaladin continued to learn and,during his late

18、twenties,he traveled to Egypt with his uncle Shirkuh on several military expeditions.The purpose was to prevent Egypt from falling under the control of Western European Christians,known as Franks.Egypt was in a state of political confusion,and Shirkuh ended up becoming its ruler.After Shirkuh died n

19、ine weeks later,Saladin,age thirty-one,became the new ruler in 1169.He also became the commander of Egypts Syrian troops.Saladin vowed to free Jerusalem and the surrounding area from the Franks.He improved Egypts economy and built schools,which attracted scholars from Europe and Asia.8The CrusadesTh

20、e CrusadesCrusades,or wars,were ordered by Popes who called for Western European Christians to fight in the Middle East.Their purpose was to stop Muslim control and reclaim the holy city of Jerusalem and other captured areas.Pope Urban II ordered the First Crusade in 1095.Pope Urban IISaladin could

21、have lived in an enormous palace but preferred a small,simple house,and he gave away most of the palaces riches.As a leader,he gained loyalty because of his strength as well as his gentle,generous nature.Nur al-Din died just a few years later,in 1174.Saladin,believing he was the best choice to rule,

22、took an army into Syria and fought Nur al-Dins brothers for nine years.During that time,he ordered his soldiers to treat their enemies with respect.Saladins men never looted or burned villages,never pursued a retreating army,and never treated captives without mercy.Saladin was a skillful political a

23、nd military leader,and his reputation for being firm,virtuous,and generous grew.By 1185,Syria,Palestine,Egypt,and northern Mesopotamiathe area between the Euphrates and Tigris Riverswere under Saladins control.9Saladin Level XFighting the FranksIn 1187,Saladin launched a war against the Franks,who h

24、ad conquered Jerusalem eighty-eight years earlier during the First Crusade.His plan was to drive out the invaders,take back the holy city,and encourage the spread of Islam.At the time,the Franks were fighting among themselves over who should rule Jerusalem.Raynald of Chtillon(sha-tee-YOHN),a man who

25、 was hostile toward Muslims,gained control of trade routes,and Guy of Lusignan(loo-zee-NYON),became king.Before then,Arab and Frankish traders had passed through each others lands peacefully.When Raynald took charge,he broke treaties with Saladin,attacked Muslim trade caravans,and raided coastal tow

26、ns.In early July 1187,Saladins army captured the town of Tiberias and surrounded the castle.In response,King Guy raised a Crusader army of twenty thousand soldiers to take back Tiberias.On the way,Saladins army forced Guys troops up against two hills called the Horns of Hattin.Although the Franks fo

27、ught hard,Saladins army defeated them badly.King Guy was taken captive,but Saladin later spared his life.However,he killed Raynald,who had destroyed the truce between Saladin and the Crusaders.Saladin then took control of the castle at Tiberias.10Saladins Battles Against the Franks,11871192 Saladins

28、 Battles Against the Franks,11871192 DEAD SEASEA OF GALILEEJerusalemHattinAcreTyreTiberiasMEDITERRANEAN SEASyrian DesertArabian DesertThe Franks fled to the fortress at Tyre to build up their forces again.Saladin decided to deal with Tyre later and turned his attention to retaking Jerusalem.His army

29、 attacked Jerusalem and took the holy city two weeks later,on October 2,1187.Saladin had finally accomplished his goal of returning Jerusalem to Muslim control.The Muslim takeover of Jerusalem was a crushing blow for the Crusaders.In contrast to the Christian takeover of Jerusalem in 1099,Saladins t

30、akeover was not cruel or vengeful.No Christian holy places were destroyed,and numerous sources reported that few people were killed.After the takeover,Saladin allowed Christians to continue to visit their shrines within the city.11Saladin Level XA Fierce OpponentEurope was shocked by the news that t

31、he Muslims had taken Jerusalem.European leaders immediately called for a Third Crusade.King Richard I of England(Richard the Lionheart)was one of the European kings who raised armies to take back the holy city.In the end,Richard led the effort.Saladin tried to capture Tyre,the strongest remaining Fr

32、ankish fortress,but did not succeed.He freed King Guy at about the same time.Guy and his supporters went to Acre,which was under Muslim control,and attacked.By the time Saladin and his army reached Acre,Crusaders had arrived from Europe,and Saladin couldnt defeat them.A battle lasting 638 days took

33、place with Muslims inside the fortress,surrounded by Christians,surrounded by Saladins army.The leaders of the Third Crusade and their armies arrived in the spring of 1191first Philip Augustus of France,and Richard the Lionheart a few weeks later.Philip Augustus12Richard was a brilliant commander wh

34、o forced the Muslims at Acre to surrender only a month after his arrival.In August 1191,he marched Frankish troops south toward Jaffa while Saladins archers attacked them nonstop.However,Saladins army was growing weaker from long years of fighting,and Saladin couldnt stop Richard from capturing coas

35、tal cities.Instead,Saladin took his army to Jerusalem to strengthen it against Frankish troops.However,the Franks never attacked.Richard realized he didnt have the army to take and hold the holy city.His decision to turn away signaled the end of the Third Crusade.On September 2,1192,Saladins brother

36、 discussed the terms of a truce with Richard.Saladin allowed the Franks to keep the coast between Tyre and Jaffa.The rest of the land,including Jerusalem,would be Muslim land,but Christians would be allowed to visit holy places.Saladins honorable conduct won him lasting respect and appreciation from

37、 the Christian world.King Richard I of England13The building that houses Saladins tomb was built in 1193 and restored in 1898.Saladins tombSaladin Level XAfter the TruceSaladin went home to Damascus after the truce was signed.He died only six months later,on March 4,1193,at age fifty-five.Because he

38、 never cared much for money or a life of luxury,he gave everything away,so there was no money for a proper burial.He was later buried in a building constructed by his son in Damascus.After Saladins death,his family continued to rule over Egypt and nearby lands until 1250.At that point,another group

39、gained power.Jerusalem remained mostly under Muslim rule for centuries.14An Honorable LeaderWhen Saladin was alive,he was respected for his intelligence as well as his political and military skills.Muslims respected him for uniting them and for driving the Crusaders out of Jerusalem.Even though the

40、Crusaders were his enemies,they too had high respect for Saladin.He was known across two continents as a leader who,while fierce in battle,also showed mercy.The time in history when Saladin livedthe Middle Ageswas known for great violence.Still,one of its most respected leaders is remembered for jus

41、t the opposite.Just before Saladin died,he told his oldest son,“I have become as great as I am because I have won mens hearts by gentleness and kindness.”Saladin set an example of an honorable leader during his lifetime,and he continues to set an example today.A statue of Saladin on horseback stands

42、 today in Damascus,South Syria.15The Life of SaladinThe Life of Saladin1189:Third Crusade begins1137 or 1138:Born in Tikrit,Mesopotamia11521169:Serves under Syrian ruler Nur al-Din1169:Becomes ruler of Egypt and commander of Egypts Syrian troopsMarch 4,1193:Saladin dies in Damascus1174:Nur al-Din di

43、es;Saladin launches effort to unite the Muslim statesJuly 12,1191:Battle in Acre ends1185:Succeeds in uniting the Muslim statesAugust 4,1192:Battle of Jaffa endsJuly 4,1187:Battle of HattinOctober 2,1187:Recaptures Jerusalem after two-week battleSeptember 2,1192:Truce between Saladin and Richard the

44、 Lionheart11301140115011601170118011901200Saladin Level X16Glossarycaravans(n.)processions of people,often with vehicles or animals,traveling together(p.9)looted(v.)stole things,often during a destructive event such as a war or riot(p.8)mosque(n.)a place of worship in the Islamic faith(p.5)Muslim(n.

45、)a person who follows the religion of Islam(p.4)pilgrimage(n.)a journey to a sacred or special place,such as a shrine(p.5)raided(v.)carried out a surprise attack or invasion with a specific purpose(p.9)sacred(adj.)of or relating to a god,religion,or spiritual purpose;holy(p.4)shrines(n.)containers o

46、r small spaces where religious objects are kept;places that are considered special or holy tributes to a person or a god(p.10)sultan(n.)a ruler in a Muslim country,similar to a king or emperor(p.5)truce(n.)an agreement not to fight(p.9)vengeful(adj.)desiring or seeking to harm or punish someone in return for an offense or injury(p.10)virtuous(adj.)having or showing goodness or clear standards of right and wrong(p.8)