原版英语RAZ 教案Q04-Castles (3).pdf

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1、www.readinga-Castles CastlesA Reading AZ Level Q Leveled BookWord Count:1,515Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written and Illustrated by Paula SchrickerLEVELED BOOK QWritten and Illustrated by Paula SchrickerCastlesLevel Q Leveled Book Learning AZWritten and Illustrated by Pa

2、ula SchrickerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,title page,pages 7,12,21:Jupiterimages Corporation;back cover,page 5:Fascimile of September:harvesting grapes by the Limbourg brothers,from the Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry(vellum),French School,(15th century)(after)/Victo

3、ria&Albert Museum,London,UK/The Bridgeman Art Library;page 4:Robert Scoverski/D;page 9:Rick Barrentine/Corbis;pages 10,15:Reed Kaestner/Corbis;page 11:Peter Titmuss/Alamy;page 17:Fascimile of June:Haymaking,from the Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry(vellum),Limbourg Brothers(fl.1400-1416)/Victoria&

4、Albert Museum,London,UK/The Bridgeman Art Library;page 18:The Big Fighting Machines,Jackson,Peter(1922-2003)/Private Collection/Look and Learn/The Bridgeman Art Library;page 20:Mary Evans Picture Library/The Image Works;page 22:INTERFOTO/Alamy;page 23:Rick Barrentine/Corbiswww.readinga-CorrelationLE

5、VEL QN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRACastles34Table of ContentsWhat Is a Castle?.4The First Castles .6Outside the Castle.8Inside the Castle .11Built for Defense .13People In and Around the Castle .15Castles and War.18Glossary .24What Is a Castle?During the Middle Ages,many great castles were

6、built across Europe.The castles were made to protect people from their enemies.They had thick,tall walls and watchtowers where guards stood watch over the castle.The people who lived in the castles were the nobility,or nobles.However,they were not the only people living in the castles.The people who

7、 served and protected the nobility also lived within the castle walls.The nobles not only owned and lived in the castle,they also owned much of the land stretching beyond the castle.They were loyal to the king.Their loyalty helped the king control even more land.A typical castleCastles Level Q34Tabl

8、e of ContentsWhat Is a Castle?.4The First Castles .6Outside the Castle.8Inside the Castle .11Built for Defense .13People In and Around the Castle .15Castles and War.18Glossary .24What Is a Castle?During the Middle Ages,many great castles were built across Europe.The castles were made to protect peop

9、le from their enemies.They had thick,tall walls and watchtowers where guards stood watch over the castle.The people who lived in the castles were the nobility,or nobles.However,they were not the only people living in the castles.The people who served and protected the nobility also lived within the

10、castle walls.The nobles not only owned and lived in the castle,they also owned much of the land stretching beyond the castle.They were loyal to the king.Their loyalty helped the king control even more land.A typical castleCastles Level Q56Living outside the castle was another class of people called

11、commoners.They were the craftsmen and farmers who lived in small towns and villages and on farms not far from the castle.The commoners were loyal to the nobles.They paid taxes,which allowed the nobles to live privileged lives.The First CastlesThe first type of castle was called a mott and bailey.The

12、 mott was a high mound of dirt with a wooden tower built upon it.A wooden fence,called a palisade,was built out from the mott.The palisade formed a wall surrounding the bailey,or the yard,that held the kitchen,hall,stables,and other buildings belonging to the noble.Peasants farm the land around the

13、lords castle.A mott and bailey castleCastles Level Q56Living outside the castle was another class of people called commoners.They were the craftsmen and farmers who lived in small towns and villages and on farms not far from the castle.The commoners were loyal to the nobles.They paid taxes,which all

14、owed the nobles to live privileged lives.The First CastlesThe first type of castle was called a mott and bailey.The mott was a high mound of dirt with a wooden tower built upon it.A wooden fence,called a palisade,was built out from the mott.The palisade formed a wall surrounding the bailey,or the ya

15、rd,that held the kitchen,hall,stables,and other buildings belonging to the noble.Peasants farm the land around the lords castle.A mott and bailey castleCastles Level Q78Later,castles had stone motts or towers.Many of these castles also featured moats.Moats were ditches,often filled with water,that s

16、urrounded the castle.As time passed,castles were built with bigger towers and walls.They became larger,with more rooms and passages.They came to look more and more like the large castles we see today.These castles were well built and have withstood the test of time.Outside the CastleNewly built cast

17、les were painted with a mixture of lime and water.This mixture gave the castle walls a fresh,clean coat of white.For this reason,the mixture was called whitewash.Every castles design was different.Still,they had many of the same features.Most had towers or turrets,and many castles had an inner and a

18、n outer wall.Many also had a very strong building in the center of the castle.This building was called a keep.A birds-eye diagram of a typical castleA castle with its moat and stone towersCastles Level Q78Later,castles had stone motts or towers.Many of these castles also featured moats.Moats were di

19、tches,often filled with water,that surrounded the castle.As time passed,castles were built with bigger towers and walls.They became larger,with more rooms and passages.They came to look more and more like the large castles we see today.These castles were well built and have withstood the test of tim

20、e.Outside the CastleNewly built castles were painted with a mixture of lime and water.This mixture gave the castle walls a fresh,clean coat of white.For this reason,the mixture was called whitewash.Every castles design was different.Still,they had many of the same features.Most had towers or turrets

21、,and many castles had an inner and an outer wall.Many also had a very strong building in the center of the castle.This building was called a keep.A birds-eye diagram of a typical castleA castle with its moat and stone towersCastles Level Q910Many castles were built in places that made them easier to

22、 defend.Many were built in the middle of lakes or on jagged hilltops and cliffs.This made it hard for attackers to reach the castle.The walls were often more than 3 meters(10 ft)thick.The walls were topped with crenelations,or notches,that gave them a sawtooth look.This design protected archers from

23、 enemy arrows.It also made it more difficult to climb over the walls.The primary entrance was through the main gate.But often there were smaller gates around the castles walls.These smaller gates were used for extra traffic or for deliveries to the kitchens.Castles had many windows to let light in.T

24、his meant that fewer candles and torches would be needed to light the rooms and halls.Windows near the ground were extremely narrow so that attackers could not climb through them.Since windows high above the ground were difficult to reach,they could be bigger.Most of these larger windows had shutter

25、s to keep out bad weather and often had bars to keep invaders out.The roofs and floors were made of hard wood.Many castles had cellars that were used to store food and wine.After the Middle Ages,dungeons were built in castle cellars.These dungeons were used to house prisoners.The curtain wall and tu

26、rret of the outer bailey.Windows in a Spanish castleCastles Level Q910Many castles were built in places that made them easier to defend.Many were built in the middle of lakes or on jagged hilltops and cliffs.This made it hard for attackers to reach the castle.The walls were often more than 3 meters(

27、10 ft)thick.The walls were topped with crenelations,or notches,that gave them a sawtooth look.This design protected archers from enemy arrows.It also made it more difficult to climb over the walls.The primary entrance was through the main gate.But often there were smaller gates around the castles wa

28、lls.These smaller gates were used for extra traffic or for deliveries to the kitchens.Castles had many windows to let light in.This meant that fewer candles and torches would be needed to light the rooms and halls.Windows near the ground were extremely narrow so that attackers could not climb throug

29、h them.Since windows high above the ground were difficult to reach,they could be bigger.Most of these larger windows had shutters to keep out bad weather and often had bars to keep invaders out.The roofs and floors were made of hard wood.Many castles had cellars that were used to store food and wine

30、.After the Middle Ages,dungeons were built in castle cellars.These dungeons were used to house prisoners.The curtain wall and turret of the outer bailey.Windows in a Spanish castleCastles Level Q1112Inside the CastleCastles werent just designed to be defended.They were also designed to make life com

31、fortable for the nobles.One of the most important places in a castle was the Great Hall.It was where meals,entertainment,and feasts were held.It was also where everyone gathered to talk or hold meetings.The kitchens were separated from the Great Hall by long passageways.Some kitchens were outside in

32、 another building to avoid the risk of the castles wooden roofs catching fire.This meant that food for medieval feasts could arrive at the tables cold or wet with rain!A castle had enough rooms to house the noble and his extended family.Visitors probably slept on straw mattresses in the Great Hall a

33、fter the tables had been cleared away.Most castles had spiral staircases.They wound upward in a clockwise direction.They were built this way to slow down invaders by making it difficult to fight in the stairwells.The Great Hall of Winchester Castle in England.A spiral staircase in a castleCastles Le

34、vel Q1112Inside the CastleCastles werent just designed to be defended.They were also designed to make life comfortable for the nobles.One of the most important places in a castle was the Great Hall.It was where meals,entertainment,and feasts were held.It was also where everyone gathered to talk or h

35、old meetings.The kitchens were separated from the Great Hall by long passageways.Some kitchens were outside in another building to avoid the risk of the castles wooden roofs catching fire.This meant that food for medieval feasts could arrive at the tables cold or wet with rain!A castle had enough ro

36、oms to house the noble and his extended family.Visitors probably slept on straw mattresses in the Great Hall after the tables had been cleared away.Most castles had spiral staircases.They wound upward in a clockwise direction.They were built this way to slow down invaders by making it difficult to f

37、ight in the stairwells.The Great Hall of Winchester Castle in England.A spiral staircase in a castleCastles Level Q1314Built for DefenseOne of the most important things to consider in castle design was defense.A castle usually had two surrounding walls.The inner wall was taller than the outer one.Ar

38、chers standing on the inner wall could fire their arrows over the defenders on the shorter wall.It also made it easier for those on the taller wall to defend against attackers who had reached the lower outer wall.The two sets of gates on these walls often opened at opposite ends of the castle.This f

39、orced invaders to circle around the inside of the outer wall to find the other gate.While looking for the second gate,invaders could be hit by the castle guards arrows.Between the castle walls were the outer and inner wards.The outer ward was filled with shops and houses.The inner ward was where the

40、 food and weapons were stored,the knights stayed,and water wells were dug.In the center of the castle was a separate building called the keep.It was here that the nobility lived.It was the safest part of the castle and the hardest to enter.It was designed so that if the rest of the castle were captu

41、red,the nobles could still be defended.KeepInner WardOuter WardMainGateArchers could stand behind the crenelations for protection.Castles Level Q1314Built for DefenseOne of the most important things to consider in castle design was defense.A castle usually had two surrounding walls.The inner wall wa

42、s taller than the outer one.Archers standing on the inner wall could fire their arrows over the defenders on the shorter wall.It also made it easier for those on the taller wall to defend against attackers who had reached the lower outer wall.The two sets of gates on these walls often opened at oppo

43、site ends of the castle.This forced invaders to circle around the inside of the outer wall to find the other gate.While looking for the second gate,invaders could be hit by the castle guards arrows.Between the castle walls were the outer and inner wards.The outer ward was filled with shops and house

44、s.The inner ward was where the food and weapons were stored,the knights stayed,and water wells were dug.In the center of the castle was a separate building called the keep.It was here that the nobility lived.It was the safest part of the castle and the hardest to enter.It was designed so that if the

45、 rest of the castle were captured,the nobles could still be defended.KeepInner WardOuter WardMainGateArchers could stand behind the crenelations for protection.Castles Level Q1516People In and Around the CastleDuring the Middle Ages,life revolved around the church.People believed that God gave the k

46、ings and nobles the power to rule.The church had at least as much power as the king.It represented the authority that gave the king his right to rule.The king and church had great power.They ruled everyone in the kingdom.Under the king and queen were several other classes of people.The highest class

47、 was the nobles.They paid the king a tax for the privilege to control land in his kingdom.The knights also ranked high in the kingdom.Below the knights were the merchants and artisans.And below them were the more common people,such as blacksmiths and shoemakers.All of these people paid taxes to the

48、nobles.They were allowed to hold land.The interior of the Chapel of St.JohnCastles Level Q1516People In and Around the CastleDuring the Middle Ages,life revolved around the church.People believed that God gave the kings and nobles the power to rule.The church had at least as much power as the king.I

49、t represented the authority that gave the king his right to rule.The king and church had great power.They ruled everyone in the kingdom.Under the king and queen were several other classes of people.The highest class was the nobles.They paid the king a tax for the privilege to control land in his kin

50、gdom.The knights also ranked high in the kingdom.Below the knights were the merchants and artisans.And below them were the more common people,such as blacksmiths and shoemakers.All of these people paid taxes to the nobles.They were allowed to hold land.The interior of the Chapel of St.JohnCastles Le