原版英语RAZ 教案(S) Tsunamis_DS.pdf

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1、www.readinga-TsunamisA Reading AZ Level S Leveled BookWord Count:889TsunamisVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Shaun TaylorLEVELED BOOK SWritten by Shaun TaylorTsunamisLevel S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Shaun TaylorIllustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved

2、.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Paul Topp/Acclaim Images;back cover:REUTERS/Tarmizy Harva;title page,page 6:REUTERS;page 4:REUTERS/Yuriko Nakao;page 5:Reuters/Landov;page 7:ArtToday;page 8:courtesy of USGS;page 15:iS 16:courtesy of NOAA;page 17:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 18:REUTERS/Beawi

3、harta www.readinga-TsunamisCorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA1920Africa,4Alaska,7,16areas,at risk,14,16,17buoys,16Chile,7death toll,5earthquake(s),4,6,7,8,14-16,18Earths crust,8,10,14fault,10,11Hawaii,7India,4,12,15Indian Ocean,4,8,12-14Indonesia,4,6,7,12,15Japan,7tsunami huge

4、 sea wave,or set of sea waves,caused by the movement of the earth under the ocean,such as in strong earthquakes(p.4)IndexGlossarybuoys floating objects anchored in bodies of water,such as the ocean;some buoys can send information about an area back to scientists(p.16)devastating causing ruin(p.7)ear

5、thquake the shaking of Earth where parts of the crust meet(p.4)evacuation removal of people from a place of danger(p.16)fault a crack in Earths crust along which movement occurs(p.10)magnitude greatness of size or intensity(p.8)Richter scale a scale from 1 to 10 that measures the strength of an eart

6、hquake(p.8)sirens devices used to make shrill warning sounds during emergencies(p.16)tidal of or relating to tides caused twice daily by the attraction of the sun and moon on the surface of the ocean(p.9)landslide,7,8major tsunamis,7meteor,8Pacific Coast,16Pacific Ocean,12,14Richter scale,8Ring of F

7、ire,14Sri Lanka,15surface waves,9-10survivor,6volcano(es)(volcanic eruption),7,8,14water,wall of,4warning,15-17Tsunamis Level SWritten by Shaun TaylorTsunamisLevel S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Shaun TaylorIllustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Pau

8、l Topp/Acclaim Images;back cover:REUTERS/Tarmizy Harva;title page,page 6:REUTERS;page 4:REUTERS/Yuriko Nakao;page 5:Reuters/Landov;page 7:ArtToday;page 8:courtesy of USGS;page 15:iS 16:courtesy of NOAA;page 17:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 18:REUTERS/Beawiharta www.readinga-TsunamisCorrelationLEVEL

9、 SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA1920Africa,4Alaska,7,16areas,at risk,14,16,17buoys,16Chile,7death toll,5earthquake(s),4,6,7,8,14-16,18Earths crust,8,10,14fault,10,11Hawaii,7India,4,12,15Indian Ocean,4,8,12-14Indonesia,4,6,7,12,15Japan,7tsunami huge sea wave,or set of sea waves,caused by the

10、 movement of the earth under the ocean,such as in strong earthquakes(p.4)IndexGlossarybuoys floating objects anchored in bodies of water,such as the ocean;some buoys can send information about an area back to scientists(p.16)devastating causing ruin(p.7)earthquake the shaking of Earth where parts of

11、 the crust meet(p.4)evacuation removal of people from a place of danger(p.16)fault a crack in Earths crust along which movement occurs(p.10)magnitude greatness of size or intensity(p.8)Richter scale a scale from 1 to 10 that measures the strength of an earthquake(p.8)sirens devices used to make shri

12、ll warning sounds during emergencies(p.16)tidal of or relating to tides caused twice daily by the attraction of the sun and moon on the surface of the ocean(p.9)landslide,7,8major tsunamis,7meteor,8Pacific Coast,16Pacific Ocean,12,14Richter scale,8Ring of Fire,14Sri Lanka,15surface waves,9-10survivo

13、r,6volcano(es)(volcanic eruption),7,8,14water,wall of,4warning,15-17Tsunamis Level S1718ConclusionEarthquakes and tsunamis are scary reminders of the power of nature.We cant prevent these events from happening,but we can prepare for them.Knowing what to do and getting an early warning can save lives

14、.An elephant helps clean up debris left by the devastating December 2004 tsunami in Banda Aceh.How to Survive a TsunamiPeople who live in areas at risk for tsunamis should keep these rules in mind:Find out what the safe evacuation routes are and develop a family emergency plan.Follow the evacuation

15、directions if a tsunami warning is issued.Dont waste time saving property.Depending on the earthquake location,you may have hours or only minutes to leave.If an earthquake occurs,head immediately to higher ground.Make sure that everyone in the house knows to leave.Dont wait for evidence of an approa

16、ching tsunami.Outrunning a tsunami that has already arrived should be a last resort.Flee on foot.Traffic jams can quickly form,causing the waste of precious minutes.Dont stay in small buildings close to the coast.Most houses cannot withstand the force of a tsunami.Stay away from rivers near the coas

17、t.Tsunamis can wash far inland along river channels.Stay in a safe location until the authorities give an all-clear message.Remember,the first wave may not be the biggest,or the last.Tsunamis Level S34Table of ContentsThe Indian Ocean Tsunami .4History of Tsunamis .7Causes of Tsunamis.8Areas at Risk

18、 for Tsunamis .14Warning Systems.15How to Survive a Tsunami .17Conclusion .18Glossary .19Index .20The Indian Ocean TsunamiOn December 26,2004,a powerful earthquake shook the ocean floor near the coast of Sumatra,Indonesia.People in nearby villages felt the earth shake.They didnt know that within min

19、utes a massive wave,known as a tsunami,would flood their homes.The giant wall of moving water washed away entire towns.Within hours,the waves had pounded thousands of miles of coast in Indonesia,India,Africa,Thailand,Bangladesh,Malaysia,Maldives,Myanmar,and Singapore,among others.The 2004 Indian Oce

20、an tsunami washed away much of Banda Aceh,Indonesia.Epicenter of the 2004 earthquake that produced a tsunamiTsunamis Level S34Table of ContentsThe Indian Ocean Tsunami .4History of Tsunamis .7Causes of Tsunamis.8Areas at Risk for Tsunamis .14Warning Systems.15How to Survive a Tsunami .17Conclusion .

21、18Glossary .19Index .20The Indian Ocean TsunamiOn December 26,2004,a powerful earthquake shook the ocean floor near the coast of Sumatra,Indonesia.People in nearby villages felt the earth shake.They didnt know that within minutes a massive wave,known as a tsunami,would flood their homes.The giant wa

22、ll of moving water washed away entire towns.Within hours,the waves had pounded thousands of miles of coast in Indonesia,India,Africa,Thailand,Bangladesh,Malaysia,Maldives,Myanmar,and Singapore,among others.The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami washed away much of Banda Aceh,Indonesia.Epicenter of the 2004 e

23、arthquake that produced a tsunamiTsunamis Level S1718ConclusionEarthquakes and tsunamis are scary reminders of the power of nature.We cant prevent these events from happening,but we can prepare for them.Knowing what to do and getting an early warning can save lives.An elephant helps clean up debris

24、left by the devastating December 2004 tsunami in Banda Aceh.How to Survive a TsunamiPeople who live in areas at risk for tsunamis should keep these rules in mind:Find out what the safe evacuation routes are and develop a family emergency plan.Follow the evacuation directions if a tsunami warning is

25、issued.Dont waste time saving property.Depending on the earthquake location,you may have hours or only minutes to leave.If an earthquake occurs,head immediately to higher ground.Make sure that everyone in the house knows to leave.Dont wait for evidence of an approaching tsunami.Outrunning a tsunami

26、that has already arrived should be a last resort.Flee on foot.Traffic jams can quickly form,causing the waste of precious minutes.Dont stay in small buildings close to the coast.Most houses cannot withstand the force of a tsunami.Stay away from rivers near the coast.Tsunamis can wash far inland alon

27、g river channels.Stay in a safe location until the authorities give an all-clear message.Remember,the first wave may not be the biggest,or the last.Tsunamis Level S1516Warning SystemsThere is no practical way to protect property from tsunami devastation,but with early warning,we can save lives.When

28、an earthquake occurs at sea,there is usually some time before the resulting tsunami reaches land.Unfortunately for the people of Banda Aceh,Indonesia,there were only a few minutes between the quake and the wave.It took about three or four hours for the tsunami to reach India and Sri Lanka.This would

29、 have been enough time to radio a message ahead.Governments and scientists are working to build warning systems for future tsunamis around the world.On the Pacific Coast of the United States,a tsunami warning system is in place.Seismographs all along the Pacific Coast detect earthquakes.A tsunami wa

30、rning is issued any time there is an earthquake of 6.8 in Alaska or 7.5 in the western United States.Buoys that are anchored at sea can detect a tsunamis wave speed and direction and radio this information back to land.Radio messages and loud sirens warn people in seaside communities that a tsunami

31、is coming.Signs along the highways label areas at high risk and suggest evacuation routes.Signs,such as this one,line areas near the coast in the western United States to warn people of the danger of tsunamis.More buoys,such as this one in the Pacific Ocean,will be placed to help scientists monitor

32、tsunamis and to provide warnings to areas at risk.Tsunamis Level S56People around the world were stunned each day as the reported death toll increased from 20,000 to 100,000 to 226,000.We will probably never know how many people died because many bodies were buried by the mud and debris or washed ou

33、t to sea.Scientists think that the death toll would have been lower if more people had known about the danger of tsunamis and how to escape them.Banda Aceh after tsunamiBanda Aceh before tsunamiTsunami Survivor StoriesAmid the stories of loss were amazing stories of survival.One man from Indonesia w

34、as washed out to sea by the tsunami,but he was able to crawl onto a wooden raft.He survived by eating coconuts and drinking rainwater.A ship rescued him after two weeks at sea.Some people outran the water or were washed inland by the wave.Others survived by hanging onto trees or by climbing to the t

35、ops of strong buildings.The people who headed for higher ground as soon as they felt the earthquake were most likely to survive.Experts say moving to higher ground or inland are the only true safe places to go when a tsunami hits.Wooden raft used by one tsunami survivorTsunamis Level S56People aroun

36、d the world were stunned each day as the reported death toll increased from 20,000 to 100,000 to 226,000.We will probably never know how many people died because many bodies were buried by the mud and debris or washed out to sea.Scientists think that the death toll would have been lower if more peop

37、le had known about the danger of tsunamis and how to escape them.Banda Aceh after tsunamiBanda Aceh before tsunamiTsunami Survivor StoriesAmid the stories of loss were amazing stories of survival.One man from Indonesia was washed out to sea by the tsunami,but he was able to crawl onto a wooden raft.

38、He survived by eating coconuts and drinking rainwater.A ship rescued him after two weeks at sea.Some people outran the water or were washed inland by the wave.Others survived by hanging onto trees or by climbing to the tops of strong buildings.The people who headed for higher ground as soon as they

39、felt the earthquake were most likely to survive.Experts say moving to higher ground or inland are the only true safe places to go when a tsunami hits.Wooden raft used by one tsunami survivorTsunamis Level S1516Warning SystemsThere is no practical way to protect property from tsunami devastation,but

40、with early warning,we can save lives.When an earthquake occurs at sea,there is usually some time before the resulting tsunami reaches land.Unfortunately for the people of Banda Aceh,Indonesia,there were only a few minutes between the quake and the wave.It took about three or four hours for the tsuna

41、mi to reach India and Sri Lanka.This would have been enough time to radio a message ahead.Governments and scientists are working to build warning systems for future tsunamis around the world.On the Pacific Coast of the United States,a tsunami warning system is in place.Seismographs all along the Pac

42、ific Coast detect earthquakes.A tsunami warning is issued any time there is an earthquake of 6.8 in Alaska or 7.5 in the western United States.Buoys that are anchored at sea can detect a tsunamis wave speed and direction and radio this information back to land.Radio messages and loud sirens warn peo

43、ple in seaside communities that a tsunami is coming.Signs along the highways label areas at high risk and suggest evacuation routes.Signs,such as this one,line areas near the coast in the western United States to warn people of the danger of tsunamis.More buoys,such as this one in the Pacific Ocean,

44、will be placed to help scientists monitor tsunamis and to provide warnings to areas at risk.Tsunamis Level S1314When the wave runs into the shallow shoreline,it grows much higher and it slows down.First,the sea recedes as the wave approaches.Next,the sea floods in past the normal shoreline and gushe

45、s inland,sometimes far up rivers and streams that open to the ocean.Tsunami waves often come in sets.Observers report the first wave of the Indian Ocean tsunami was smaller than the second wave.Some people survived the first wave but did not keep running and were overwhelmed by the larger,second wav

46、e.Areas At Risk for TsunamisLow-lying coastlines in areas where earthquakes are common are most at risk for tsunamis.The Ring of Fire is a line of volcanoes stretching around the entire Pacific Ocean.Where there are volcanoes,frequent earthquakes occur with the movement of Earths crust.Indonesia is

47、also an area where Earths crust moves often.Although we cant predict the exact time or location of an earthquake,we can estimate when an area is overdue for one.PACIFIC OCEANNINDIAN OCEANSouth AmericaAsiaNorth AmericaAustraliaRing of Firerunupsea levelocean flooroceantop of wave moves fastershoreHow

48、 a Tsunami Hits Shorefriction with ocean floor slows bottom of waveTsunamis Level S78Causes of TsunamisEarthquakes on the ocean floor cause most tsunamis.Underwater landslides,volcanic explosions,and meteor impacts also cause tsunamis.Not every earthquake in or near the ocean causes a tsunami.It dep

49、ends on the strength of the earthquake and the kind of movement that occurs in Earths crust.An earthquake has to be at least 6.75 on the Richter scale to result in a tsunami.The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 was caused by a“mega-earthquake”with a magnitude of 9.0.History of TsunamisThe word tsunami i

50、s Japanese and means“harbor wave.”It originated with Japanese fishermen who would return to port to find their towns destroyed by unusually large ocean waves that they hadnt even noticed while out at sea.Tsunamis can be devastating when they occur.Fortunately,they are very rare.There are usually six