原版英语RAZ 教案(Z) Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders - Giant Arachnids.pdf

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1、www.readinga-GIANTS OF THEANIMAL WORLDVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK ZLEVELED BOOK ZWritten by Judy BrausGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant ArachnidsA Reading AZ Level Z Leveled BookWord Count:1,543WritingWrite an adventure story featuring a Goliath bird-eating

2、spider.Include facts about this spider in your story.ScienceCompare the Goliath bird-eating spider and another tarantula.Draw a Venn diagram comparing the two.Include at least five similarities and differences.ConnectionsGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Front cover:The enormous size of Go

3、liath spiders prevents them from being good vertical climbers like other spiders.Title page:Goliath prey rarely includes adult birds,but these spiders will occasionally eat a small hatchling.Page 3:Goliath spider babies look very much like adultsonly smaller.Photo Credits:Front cover,page 6(main):Pe

4、te Oxford/Minden Pictures;back cover:Comstock/Stockbyte/Thinkstock;icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:John Mitchell/Science Source;pages 3,14,15:Pascal Goetgheluck/;page 5:Nick Gordon/;page 6(inset):Daniel Heuclin/NPL/Minden Pictures;page 7:James H.Robinson/Science Source;pages 8,12(t

5、op left):Piotr Naskrecki/Minden Pictures;page 11:tbkmedia.de/Alamy;page 12(bottom right):Mark Moffett/Minden Pictures;page 13:Tom McHugh/Science Sourcearachnidsburrowsdigestiveirritationmoltnervous systemparalyzesregeneratesilkvenomvibrationsvulnerableWords to Knowwww.readinga-Written by Judy Braus

6、What features allow the Goliath bird-eating spider to live in the rainforests of South America?Focus QuestionGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant ArachnidsGiants of the Animal World Level Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Judy BrausAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&Pi

7、nnellReading RecoveryDRAGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids 34Table of ContentsA Heavy Giant!.4The Biggest Tarantula .5Life in the Hot,Humid Tropics .9A Powerful Predator .10Hawks,Owls,and Wasps,Oh My!.12Spider Life Cycle .14What Spiders Teach Us .15Glossary .16A Heavy Giant!If spiders give

8、you the creeps,youll probably want to stay away from the Goliath bird-eating spider.Named by early explorers who reported seeing a Goliath spider eat a hummingbird,these fierce predators are among the largest spiders in the world.Their fangs,which measure 0.75 inches(2 cm)in length,deliver powerful

9、venom that paralyzes their prey.Understandably,some people might be a little unnerved by such a giant spider,but Goliath spiders are actually far less dangerous to humans than they are to mice,other small mammals,or insects.Whether you think they are fascinating or completely horrifying,theres no de

10、nying that Goliath bird-eating spiders are huge and unusual arachnids.How Big Is It?How Big Is It?Human handlength:7.44 inches(18.89 cm)width:3.3 inches(8.4 cm)Goliath spiderdiameter:12 inches(30.48 cm)weight:6 ounces(0.17 kg)Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z56The Biggest Tarantula

11、 Tarantulas are an enormous group of spidersabout nine hundred different types of tarantulas have been identified.They live in rainforests,deserts,grasslands,and mountains in the United States,Central America,Africa,Asia,Europe,and Australia.Bird-eating spiders,also known as Goliath bird-eating spid

12、ers or Goliath tarantulas,are the largest tarantulas in the world.Like many other arachnids,they have eight eyes,eight legs,and two main body sections.In the front section,the head and neck combine to form the cephalothorax,where the mouth,stomach,and brain are located.The legs also connect to this

13、part of the body.The abdomen,or hind section of the spiders body,houses the spiders silk-making glands,called spinnerets.All spiders have eight legs jaws with fangs(most spiders make venom)glands that make silk a tough,protective outer skeleton eyes(most have eight eyes)sensory hairs on their bodies

14、Legs attach to the cephalothorax.The abdomen contains the silk glands.The cephalothorax contains the brain,eyes,fangs,mouth,and stomach.What Makes a Goliath Bird-eating Spider a Spider?What Makes a Goliath Bird-eating Spider a Spider?Most spiders inject venom into their prey with their fangs.Goliath

15、s sometimes have a golden color in places,which accounts for their scientific name,blondi.pedipalpsGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z78Goliath tarantulas are mainly covered in coffee-colored hairs,with some parts of their body light tan or reddish in color and other parts darker bro

16、wn.Their long legs are mainly covered with dark brown hairs.Compared to most other spiders,Goliaths are truly mammoth,weighing more than any other spider on the planet.They can weigh up to 6 ounces(170 g),about the weight of a large apple.When extended,their legs span almost 1 foot(30 cm)in diameter

17、nearly the size of a dinner plate.Even though they have eight eyes,Goliath spiders have very poor eyesight.They can sense differences in levels of light but cant really use their vision to zero in on fine details in the world around them.Instead of actually seeing prey,special hairs that cover spide

18、rs enable them to sense movement.The slightest vibrations on the ground or in the air are picked up by the hairs,which help spiders locate prey.Goliath bird-eating spiders are part of the family of spiders known as hairy mygalomorphs.“Hairy”is a fitting description for Goliaths!Mygalomorph is a scie

19、ntific word that describes the orientation of fangs on these spiders.They are a family of spiders that has been around for millions of years.Their more primitive jaws move up and down instead of side to side as most other spider jaws move,which means that the fangs pierce their victims in a downward

20、 direction.Mygalomorphs also have sensory appendages near their mouths called pedipalps,which help grab prey and pull it toward their mouth and fangs.Hairs are lighter in color at each leg“joint,”or knee.Goliath bird-eating spiders have forty-eight“knees.”Each leg has six joints!Some people in South

21、 America hunt Goliath spiders.They either keep them as pets,or eat them.If a Goliath bites a human,the result is not deadly,but a bite does cause swelling and pain similar to what you would experience with a sting from a wasp or bee.Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z910Life in the H

22、ot,Humid TropicsGoliath spiders live in hot,steamy,swampy sections in the rainforests of South America.Rainforests cover only about 6 to 7 percent of Earth,but this biome contains more than half of the plant and animal species in the world,including a variety of tropical spiders.Goliaths are nocturn

23、al creatures,spending daylight hours resting in their burrows.When they do venture out at night,they rarely travel beyond a few feet from home.They are solitary spiders,spending their time alone unless they are guarding their young or looking for a mate.A Powerful PredatorGoliath spiders are skilled

24、 predators that attack many kinds of prey,including crickets,frogs,beetles,bats,mice,and other small animals.Although they sometimes eat a small bird,feathered creatures arent normally on their menu.Goliath spiders live in underground burrows or in cavities under rocks.Unlike many other spiders,they

25、 dont spin webs,but they do spin silk and use it to line their burrow or make a silk mat that they strategically place at the entrance.When a mouse or other small creature crawls by the burrow,the vibrations of the animals movement on the silk mat are picked up by the spiders sensitive hairs.In no t

26、ime,the spider zips out of its burrow and makes the kill!Like all spiders,tarantulas have fangs,and those of extra-large Goliaths are nearly an inch longabout half the length of a human thumb!When a mouse or other small creature gets close,a Goliath bird-eater pounces,grabs the prey with its legs,an

27、d uses its fangs to inject the animal with venom.The poison in the venom contains a toxin that attacks the nervous system of the prey,paralyzing and killing it.Goliath spiders will often drag their prey to their burrow or some other safe location to eat it.Where Do Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders Live?W

28、here Do Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders Live?Goliath spider rangeATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANVenezuelaGuyanaSurinameFrench GuianaBrazilGoliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level ZSOUTH AMERICA1112The Goliath spider mouth is a short straw-shaped opening that can only suck,so all food must be in liq

29、uid form.Unable to eat solid food,spiders spray strong digestive juices from openings near their fangs on the tissue of a paralyzed animal theyve bitten.These digestive juices dissolve the preys body tissue.A large tarantula can turn a mouse into a small pile of hair and bones in about thirty-six ho

30、urs by breaking down the mouse tissue and sucking up the liquid remains.In addition to attacking with venom-filled fangs,Goliath spiders also defend themselves by rearing up on their hind legs to look more threatening or making a loud hissing sound by rubbing the hairs on their legs togethera behavi

31、or known as stridulation.They can also shoot a cloud of stiff hairs at their attacker.These hairs have tiny hooks,or barbs,that can get into the eyes and throat of the predator,causing tremendous irritation.Scientists studying these spiders have often ended up with faces full of tiny hairs,stinging

32、their eyes,skin,and throat.Hawks,Owls,and Wasps,Oh My!Although Goliath bird-eating tarantulas are among the largest arachnids in the world,they do have to worry about predators.Hawks,owls,skunks,and snakes sometimes prey on these spiders,but one of their deadliest predators is an insect known as a s

33、pider wasp or tarantula hawk.When a female wasp spies a tarantula,she stings it.The sting paralyzes the spider but doesnt kill it.The wasp then digs a hole,places the paralyzed spider in it,and lays an egg on its abdomen.When the egg hatches,the wasp larva makes a tiny hole in the abdomen and then c

34、rawls in and starts feeding on the spider.It saves the organs for last to keep the Goliath alive for as long as possible.A Goliath spider(left)assumes a defensive posture.A smaller tarantula is being dragged to its own burrow by a spider wasp(right).A Goliath spider attacks its prey.Goliaths are ver

35、y aggressive predators.Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z1314Tarantulas molt when they outgrow their harder outer covering,or exoskeleton.They literally leave their old skin behind as a new exoskeleton hardens underneath.While they are molting,Goliath spiders are at their weakest an

36、d are most vulnerable to predators.Adult Goliaths molt once or twice a year,but spiderlings,or young spiders,molt more often since they grow quickly.Like many other types of spiders,Goliath tarantulas can regenerate lost or damaged appendages.This ability can come in handy if a predator grabs one of

37、 their legs during an attack.The leg breaks off,and the spider escapes with seven legs.The lost leg can regenerate during the next molt.Depending on when it happens,the“new”leg might be weaker than the others and may make the spider a little clumsier than it was in the past.Spiders can also regenera

38、te claws,sensory organs,and spinnerets.A Honduran tarantula finishes its molt by pushing off the old skin.A Goliath tarantula molts in much the same way.Goliath spider young are actually blue and black.They change color as they grow and molt.Spider Life CycleFemale Goliath spiders have slightly shor

39、ter legs than males,but their bodies are larger.Females also live much longer.Some females have survived more than twenty-five years in captivity,but males live fewer than ten.For reasons that scientists are still trying to understand,females often kill males during the mating process.After mating,a

40、 female Goliath lays about fifty eggs in a silk egg sac and stores the sac in her burrow.While waiting for the eggs to hatch,she carries the sac with her when shes out searching for food.She guards the eggs until they hatch in about six to seven weeks.The spiderlings stay under her watchful eye for

41、a few weeks,until after their first molt.Then theyre on their own.Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z1516What Spiders Teach Us Goliaths have been around for millions of yearsand they havent changed much in all that time.Their sheer size has always fascinated people,from local folks t

42、o scientists to spider enthusiasts.Were continuing to learn about how these spiders regenerate limbs and how Goliath venom affects the nervous system of their prey.Although the thought of one of these spiders crawling up your arm might terrify you,Goliath spiders,like all living things,play an impor

43、tant role in the ecological landscape where they live.They not only help keep rodents,insects,and other species in check,but they also provide food for a number of predators.Learning about Goliath spiders and other living things in the rainforest helps us understand the relationships between species

44、 and the importance of protecting them and their environment.If youre ever in Goliath bird-eating spider territory,you might want to observe these giants from a distance.Theyre huge,hairy,and may be scary,but theyre definitely one of the most interesting giants in the animal kingdom.Glossaryarachnid

45、s(n.)members of a group of arthropods that have two body segments and eight legs;includes spiders and scorpions(p.4)burrows(n.)holes dug in the ground by an animal for use as a home(p.9)digestive(adj.)of or relating to the action of breaking down food for use by the body(p.11)irritation(n.)the state

46、 of being annoyed,angry,or impatient;the condition of having discomfort in a body part(p.11)molt(v.)to shed an outer covering such as skin,hair,feathers,or a shell before replacing it with a new layer(p.13)nervous the body system that gathers information from and responds to the senses,and affects t

47、hinking and behavior(p.10)paralyzes(v.)causes one or more parts of a body to become unable to move(p.4)regenerate(v.)to produce or create again(p.13)silk(n.)strong threads made by a spider or silkworm(p.5)venom(n.)a poisonous fluid that some animals use to kill prey and defend themselves,usually delivered by biting or stinging(p.4)vibrations(n.)trembling movements;small,rapid back-and-forth or side-to-side movements(p.7)vulnerable(adj.)able to be hurt easily(p.13)A female Goliath in Guyana,South America.system(n.)Goliath Bird-Eating Spiders:Giant Arachnids Level Z