原版英语RAZ 教案(S) Snakebite!_DS.pdf

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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Snakebite!A Reading AZ Level S Leveled BookWord Count:1,340www.readinga-LEVELED BOOK SSnakebite!Written by Kira Freed20Glossaryantivenin(n.)a kind of medicine used to stop the damage from a venom(p.13)bruising(n.)the condition of having black-

2、and-blue areas on the body(p.13)clotting(n.)the condition of sticking together to stop bleeding(p.11)heeded(v.)paid attention to(p.8)injects(v.)forces something into an animals body with a needle or fangs(p.10)paralyzes(v.)causes a body part to become unable to move(p.11)prey(n.)animals that other a

3、nimals eat as food(p.7)rule out(v.)to get rid of as a possibility(p.12)shock(n.)a medical condition that may result from severe injury(p.13)skin grafts(n.)transfers of skin patches from one body part to another(p.8)species(n.)groups of related living things with traits that distinguish them from oth

4、er groups of living things;members of the same species can breed with each other(p.6)symptoms(n.)specific signs of illness or injury(p.12)unconscious not aware;not mentally awake(p.5)(adj.)venom(n.)poison that some animals inject to kill prey and defend themselves(p.10)www.readinga-Written by Kira F

5、reedSnakebite!2019Think About ItSome people are accidentally struck by rattlers,but most people who get struck made bad choices.They thought it would be“cool”to get close to a rattlesnake or see it excited and rattling.Some even thought that picking up a rattlesnake would be a test of courage.These

6、people ended up with severe pain,permanent scars,and huge hospital bills.If you suddenly see a rattlesnake close to you,FREEZE.Then walk backward very,very slowly.A rattler might think its in danger if you move suddenly.(Be sure not to back into another snake!)Dont surprise a rattler,and dont make o

7、ne feel cornered or trapped.If you do,it might strike in self-defense.If you see a rattlesnake trying to get away from you,let it go.Going after it to get a closer look might cause it to get excited and turn on you.Never touch a snake that you think is dead.It might just be playing dead.If you see a

8、 rattlesnake.Snakebite!Level SPhoto Credits:Front cover:Tom McHugh/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers,Inc.;back cover:iS Dodson;title page:iS;pages 3,19(main):Jupiterimages Corporation;page 4:courtesy of Jennifer Owings Dewey;page 5:Guy Sagi/D;page 7:Rusty Dodson/123RF;page 8(main):iS Brodey;pa

9、ge 8(inset):iS Holmes;page 9:Paul Moore/D;page 10(main):iS Bell;pages 10,16,18,19(backgrounds):iS Nicholas;page 11:iS Nelson;pages 12,14:Jude McNally/Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center;page 15:Justin Schwartz/www.rattlesnakebite.org;page 17:iS TestiSpecial thanks to Jennifer Owings Dewey for

10、 allowing her story to be included in this book.Jennifer writes and illustrates childrens books about the natural world.Look for these and other books by Jennifer in a bookstore or library:Rattlesnake DanceClem:The Story of a RavenSpiders Near and FarDay and Night in the DesertWildlife RescueSpecial

11、 thanks also to Jude McNally of the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center and Harry W.Greene of Cornell Universitys Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology for serving as consultants for this book.CorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRASnakebite!Level S Leveled Book Lea

12、rning AZWritten by Kira FreedAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Word WiseExperts often talk about a rattlesnake strike rather than a rattlesnake bite.This is because rattlesnakes do not close their mouths,or bite,to inject venom.They simply strike,or hit,with their fangs.193Table of ContentsIntroducti

13、on .4Rattlesnake Basics .6Fangs and Venom .10Symptoms and Treatment .12Rattlesnake First Aid.16Conclusion .17Rattlesnake Safety Tips.18If you see a rattlesnake .19Glossary .20Snakebite!Level S18To avoid rattlesnakes.Keep your eyes open for rattlesnakes if you are outside where they live.Rattlesnakes

14、 blend into their environment,so be careful.Look around you in all directions.Rattlesnakes can strike at least half the length of their body and can grow to be 1.8 meters(6 ft)long.Rattlesnakes can be active at any time of the day or night.Be alert at all times.Never reach into a dark place where a

15、rattlesnake might be hiding.Never place a hand or foot on a rock or other surface you cant see.Wear thick shoes or,if possible,high leather boots in rattlesnake country.Stay out of tall grass if you can.Dont run ahead of family members or friends on trails.If you are with a younger child,be sure he

16、or she stays close to an adult.Avoid ditches by the side of the road.Rattlesnakes like to hunt there.Never get closer to a snake to find out if its a rattler.Rattlesnake Safety Tips4IntroductionIn 1951,nine-year-old Jennifer Owings was riding her horse in the hills near the New Mexico ranch where sh

17、e lived.She got off her horse to explore a possible new path to the top of a sandstone ridge.Climbing up a cliff face,she reached above her and grabbed hold of a ledge.ZAP!Suddenly she felt a screaming pain on the side of her hand.A rattlesnake had struck Jennifer.Jennifer was a twenty-minute horseb

18、ack ride from her house when the rattlesnake struck her.Halfway home,she became dizzy and sick to her stomach.She grew frightened of dying before getting home,but she made it.Jennifer at age 917ConclusionRattlesnakes are part of the web of life and an important link in many food chains.Without rattl

19、esnakes,the numbers of mice and other small animals would become too large,and natures balance would be upset.Like all other living things,rattlesnakes have a right to live.Although they can be frightening,rattlesnakes are only a danger to people who startle or threaten them.When you are in rattlesn

20、ake country,respect the creatures that live there.Its not much different from respecting the rules when you visit a friends home.Keep your eyes open for rattlesnakes,think about their habits,and you will be safe.Snakebite!Level S5The ranch foreman took Jennifer to the nearest emergency room.Doctors

21、told them that the hospital had run out of its medicine to treat rattlesnake strikes.Jennifer was unconscious for most of three days and had severe symptoms,but she survived.Today,Jennifer hardly has a scar from her rattlesnake strike.She is one of the lucky ones.What happens when a rattlesnake stri

22、kes a person?What medical treatments do snakebite victims receive?What can you do to avoid being struck?Answer these questions as you learn about rattlesnakes and the deadly strikes they can deliver.Jennifer was struck by a prairie rattlesnake.Snakebite!Level S16DO:Get away from the rattlesnake.Call

23、 9-1-1.Remove rings,bracelets,boots,or anything else that might become tight when the affected area swells.Keep the snakebite victim as calm as possible to keep the venom from circulating to the rest of the body.Have the victim lie down with the affected body part lower than the heart.Wash the wound

24、 with soap and water,if possible.If the victim must walk to get help,have him or her sit for 2030 minutes first.Then proceed calmly and slowly in order to keep the venom from traveling through the body too much.Get the victim to a hospital as quickly as possible.DONT:Dont cut the wound.Dont try to s

25、uck out the venom with your mouth.It hardly ever helps,and if you have a sore in your mouth,venom can get in your bloodstream.Dont put ice or anything else cold on the wound.It will make the injury worse.Rattlesnake First Aid6Rattlesnake BasicsScientists have identified thirty-one species of rattles

26、nakes.Rattlers,as the snakes are commonly known,live in most of the United States,Mexico,and Central and South America.They also live in southern Canada.They can be found in deserts,swamps,forests,prairies,and mountains.Rattlesnakes are most common in dry parts of the southwestern United States and

27、northern Mexico.Ranges of Six Common U.S.RattlesnakesWestern diamondback rattlesnakeSidewinderPrairie rattlesnakeEastern diamondback rattlesnakeTimber rattlesnakePigmy rattlesnakeSource:15Jennifer rested for months when she was finally able to go home.Three weeks after her rattlesnake strike,most of

28、 her symptoms had become less severe.Her hand and arm were still swollen and had dark,peeling skin.After she healed more,she had three skin grafts to close the wound.Some snakebite victims also need other surgeries to get blood flowing again in the area of the strike.About one-quarter never regain t

29、he full use of the damaged body part.Sadly,sometimes tissue damage is so bad that a body part must be removed.This scar is the result of thirteen surgeries after a rattlesnake strike.Snakebite!Level S7Rattlesnakes have a bad reputation because of their danger to people.But lets take a moment to thin

30、k about rattlers apart from humans.These amazing creatures are among natures most efficient hunters.They hunt small animals by surprising them or catching them in their burrows.Rattlesnakes can find prey even in total darkness.They mostly use their sense of smell and sense of heat.Special areas on t

31、heir face can sense heat.Even if their prey is completely still,a rattlesnake can sense it by the heat its body gives off.Rattlesnakes can also smell prey with their tongue,which sends the smells to a special sense organ in their head.Do You Know?Rattlesnakes use their jaws to“hear.”With their jaws

32、resting on the ground,they can pick up vibrations made by other animalsincluding peoplenearby.Snakebite!Level S14With no antivenin,Jennifer was unconscious for most of three days.When she was conscious,she felt a terrible burning pain that wouldnt stop.The side of her body that was struck by the rat

33、tlesnake was very swollen and bruised.The skin was so tight from the swelling that she thought it might burst.For some people,the swelling gets so bad that they have to have surgery to reduce the pressure.About one-fourth of people need other surgery to clean out dead tissue that was destroyed by th

34、e venom.Skin can look shiny when a great deal of swelling is present.8Rattlesnakes are not nasty animals that go out of their way to hurt people.They dont want to meet up with you any more than you want to meet up with them.But they know how to defend themselves if they think theyre in danger.They s

35、hake the rattle on their tail as a warning to people and other animals to stay away.If their warning is not heeded,they strike.Most people who are struck by a rattlesnake dont die.However,they suffer terrible pain,and some,like Jennifer,need skin grafts or even more extreme medical treatments.Snakeb

36、ite victims may end up with bad scars or other permanent body damage.Its a Fact!You cant count on a rattling noise as a warning.Rattlesnakes dont always rattle before they strike.Sometimes they rattle after they strike.In Jennifers case,the buzzing noise and the strike seemed to happen at the same t

37、ime.13Redness,swelling,and severe pain are common symptoms of a rattlesnake strike.Bruising may spread from the area of the strike.People may feel weak or go into shock.But not every victim has the same symptoms.Some may have blurry vision and feel sick to their stomach or faint.Before the late 1990

38、s,only about half of rattlesnake victims were given antiveninthe medicine for treating rattlesnake strikes.A persons reaction to the antivenin could be extreme and might put his or her life in danger.Doctors now have a safer type of antivenin,so it can be used more often.Math MinuteRattlesnake antiv

39、enin(also called antivenom)is very expensive,costing about$3,000 per vial.People often receive 20 to 30 vials.One 78-year-old person was in the hospital for two days and received 20 vials of antivenin.Along with the other hospital expenses,her bill totaled$132,000.How much did she spend on antivenin

40、?How much did the rest of her hospital expenses cost?Snakebite!Level S9Rattlesnakes,like all reptiles,are cold-bloodedtheir body temperature rises and falls with the temperature around them.If they are too cold,they move to a sunny spot.If they are too warm,they move under a rock or to an undergroun

41、d den.If youre outside on a hot day in rattlesnake country,you can bet that rattlers will be resting in the shade under rocks,bushes,or cacti.Or imagine youre climbing a steep trail on a cool morning,and you grab hold of a rock above you to pull yourself up.If you cant see the top of the rock,you mi

42、ght startle a rattlesnake thats warming itself in the sun.Jennifer learned that the hard way.Knowing about the habits of rattlesnakes can help keep you safe.Snakebite!Level S12Symptoms and TreatmentHow do you know if a rattlesnake has struck you?Of course,you know if you see it or hear its rattle.Bu

43、t some people never see or hear the snake,and others are too young to tell anyone what happened to them.You might expect that a rattlesnake strike would leave a pair of marks.But a rattler can strike even if it has lost one of its fangs,so it might leave just one mark.Its not always easy to tell if

44、a wound is from a rattlesnake strike because a persons symptoms develop over many hours.Doctors first try to rule out other things,such as bee stings and spider bites.If you look closely,you can see the marks from a rattlers fangs on this persons foot.10Fangs and VenomRattlesnakes have two long,holl

45、ow fangs that they use to inject venom into their prey.The venom travels to the fangs from glands in the rattlers head.Muscles squeeze the glands,forcing venom to travel quickly to the fangs and into the victim.Fangs are folded when a rattlesnakes mouth is closed.A rattler extends its fangs and spre

46、ads them before striking.The fangs break the skin of the prey.Then the rattlesnake sinks the fangs into flesh and injects venom before quickly pulling back its head.The deeper the fangs sink,the greater the chance that the venom will kill the prey.Word WiseRattlesnakes are correctly called venomousn

47、ot poisonousanimals.The word venom refers to something harmful that an animal injects into the bloodstream of its victim.The word poison usually refers to something that is harmful when swallowed,breathed,or touched.fangsfang sheathupper jawlower jaweyenostrilvenom glandbreathing tube11Rattlesnakes

48、have extra fangs tucked inside their upper jaw.If a fang breaks,a new one drops down.Rattlesnakes also shed their fangs several times each year.Nature has made sure they have extras because rattlers cannot survive without their fangs.Rattlesnakes are born live,not hatched from eggs like most other s

49、nakes.A newborn rattler has no rattle to shake as a warning,but it can still inject venom.Every rattlesnake strike can be deadly,no matter how young or small the snake is.Venom causes three types of damage.It travels through the bloodstream,destroying red blood cells and keeping blood from clotting.It also paralyzes muscles,including the heart and others that control limbs and breathing.Venom also attacks cells directly,breaking down organs and tissues.An adult Eastern diamondback rattlesnake can have fangs up to 27 millimeters(1 in)in length.Snakebite!Level S