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1、WritingResearch more about the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.Write an essay about Guy Fawkes,explaining why he chose to commit treason and how he could have solved his problem differently.Social StudiesChoose two rulers from the book.Create a Venn diagram comparing them.Use information from the book as wel

2、l as outside resources.ConnectionsVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Big Ben and Westminster PalaceA Reading AZ Level Z1 Leveled BookWord Count:1,676www.readinga-Written by Kenna BourkeBig Ben and Westminster PalaceLEVELED BOOK Z1LEVELED BOOK Z120Glossaryadjacent(adj.)nearby;sh

3、aring a border(p.11)conspirators(n.)people involved in a secret plan to do something illegal or harmful (p.10)credibility(n.)the quality of being true or believable;trustworthiness(p.5)demise(n.)the end or failure of something;death(p.10)escorted(v.)went with someone or something,often to provide pr

4、otection(p.15)iconic(adj.)of or relating to an important symbol;famous and recognizable(p.4)inherited(v.)received money,property,or a title upon the death of someone(p.13)majestic(adj.)grand,dignified,or impressive(p.12)medieval(adj.)of or relating to the Middle Ages,the time period in European hist

5、ory from ad 500 to 1500(p.14)monarch(n.)a ruler of a kingdom or empire,such as a king or queen(p.8)observe(v.)to celebrate or acknowledge a special time,custom,or ceremony(p.11)rank(n.)the position of someone or something within a group(p.15)www.readinga-What makes Big Ben and Westminster Palace sig

6、nificant to Englands history?Focus QuestionWritten by Kenna BourkeBig Ben and Westminster Palace2019Indestructible?The world over,Big Ben and the Palace of Westminster are among the most recognizable symbols of Britain.The structure has housed monarchs and politicians and withstood destructive fires

7、 and intense bombing,yet it proudly stands today as a national monument.United Kingdom residents and visitors are familiar with the chiming of Big Bens bell.It is broadcast live on some TV channels at midnight every New Years Eve,and the entire country stops to observe two minutes of silence each ye

8、ar on November 11,when Big Ben rings at 11:00 a.m.in remembrance of those who have lost their lives in wars.Every quarter of an hour,Big Ben reminds us of its presence.Perhaps it always will.Since 2000,millions of people gather each year along the Thames on New Years Eve for a brilliant fireworks di

9、splay.Big Ben and Westminster Palace Level Z1CorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRABig Ben and Westminster PalaceWorld Landmarks Level Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kenna BourkeAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front and back cover:Big Ben and Westminster Palace is locat

10、ed on the Thames River.Title page:Westminster Hall,with its enormous wooden ceiling,in a historical drawing from 1808Page 3:The Great Bell in the Elizabeth TowerPhoto Credits:Front cover,back cover:vichie81/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:Historical Picture Archive/Corbis;page 3:Jon Arnold/JAI/Corbis;p

11、age 4:Look and Learn/Peter Jackson Collection/Bridgeman Images;page 5:Songquan Deng/iStock/Thinkstock;page 7(main):Adam Woolfitt/Corbis;page 7(inset):Lebrecht Music and Arts Photo Library/Alamy;page 8(top):Aerial view of Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster in the time of Henry VIII,1884,

12、Brewer,Henry William/London Metropolitan Archives,City of London/Bridgeman Images;page 8(bottom):Photoservice ElectaUIG/Rex/REX USA;page 9:Mary Evans Picture Library/James Eadie;page 10:Pantheon/Pantheon/Superstock;page 12(top):Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis;page 12(bottom):Private Collection/Brid

13、geman Images;page 13(top):Robert Harding Picture Library/Robert Harding Picture Library/Superstock;page 13(right):REX USA/Simon Walker;page 14:Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/Rex/REX USA;page 15:Adam Woolfitt/Corbis;page 16:Fer737ng/D;page 17:Cameron Davidson/Corbis;page 18:Lefteris

14、 Pitarakis/AP Images;page 19:MOB IMAGES/Alamyadjacentconspiratorscredibilitydemiseescorted iconicinheritedmajesticmedievalmonarchobserverankWords to Know193Table of ContentsWho or What Is Big Ben?.4The History of Westminster.6 The Fifth of November .10 Fire and Reconstruction .12Inside Westminster a

15、nd Parliament .13The Towers of Westminster .16Big Ben:An Icon .18Indestructible?.19Glossary .20 Big Ben and Westminster Palace Level Z118Big Ben:An IconBig Ben has become one of the best-known landmarks in the United Kingdom,with millions of visitors seeing it each year.The Elizabeth Tower is one of

16、 the most photographed sights in London and has appeared in many movies.Citizens of the United Kingdom can make appointments to tour the tower.Once there,visitors make a difficult 334-step climb to the top.There were no elevators when the tower was built.From 62 meters(203 ft.)above the ground,guest

17、s enjoy a spectacular view of London,explore the behind-the-scenes tour of the giant clocks and their mechanisms,and get a close-up view of Big Ben itself.People from around the world are welcome to visit the Houses of Parliament.They can take a tour,watch debates,and even have afternoon tea there.A

18、fter an exhausting climb up a spiral staircase,visitors to the Elizabeth Tower get a behind-the-scenes look at how the clock works.4Who or What Is Big Ben?The name Big Ben is often used to refer to the historic clock tower at Westminster Palace,or to refer to the giant clock itself.Big Ben was first

19、 used,however,to name the enormous bell behind the clock faces at the top of the tower.The bronze bell in London,England,weighs over 13 metric tons(14.3 t.),or roughly the weight of two African elephants.But how did a bell become an iconic landmark?In the 1830s,the British people were planning to re

20、build the Palace of Westminster.Among their plans to rebuild,the government decided that a new tower shouldnt have just any old clock.They wanted the clock to be accurate to within one second each day,and they also wanted a chiming bell.The bell was cast in East London on April 10,1858.Big Bens jour

21、ney through history had begun.The bell is 2.7 meters (9 ft.)wide and a little over 2.2 meters(7.2 ft.)tall.An average-sized person could fit inside it many times over.17The Elizabeth Tower,at the north end,is the most famous tower because it houses Big Ben.It stands 96.31 meters(316 ft.)tall and unt

22、il recently was simply known as the Clock Tower.It was renamed the Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to celebrate Queen Elizabeth IIs sixtieth anniversary as queen of England.The tower tilts to one side because of some digging that was carried out in a nearby street,but fortunately it isnt in danger of fallin

23、g.In building size alone(not counting the surrounding gardens),the Palace of Westminster occupies 32,374 square meters(348,480 sq.ft.)of space in central London.It contains 100 staircases and 1,100 rooms!The Palace of WestminsterThe Palace of WestminsterCentral TowerRiver ThamesHouse of LordsHouse o

24、f CommonsWestminster HallVictoria TowerElizabeth TowerBig Ben and Westminster Palace Level Z15There are two most commonly accepted stories about how Big Ben acquired its name.In 1859,when the bell rang for the first time,Parliament called a special meeting to agree on the bells name.Sir Benjamin Hal

25、l,a large man affectionately nicknamed Big Ben,gave a long speech.At the end of it,another member of Parliament suggested that the bell be named Big Ben.Sir Benjamins name is inscribed on the bell,adding credibility to this story.The other popular story centers on Benjamin Caunt,a big man and a heav

26、yweight boxing champion of the time.Caunt was also nicknamed Big Ben,so some people believe that the bell was named for him.The minute hands are almost 4.2 meters(14 ft.)long.In a year,one minute hand travels around the dial the equivalent of 189.9 kilometers(118 mi.).Big Ben and Westminster Palace

27、Level Z116The Towers of Westminster The Victoria Tower,at the southern end of the Palace of Westminster,was named for Queen Victoria,who reigned from 18371901.It is the tallest tower,standing at 98.5 meters(323 ft.).Completed in 1860,it was for many years the largest square stone tower in the world.

28、The tower was designed to house all original documents of Parliament,and it still does.Very few people are given access.The 91.4-meter(300 ft.)Central Tower was designed as a chimney for smoke from fireplaces inside the palace.Unlike the other two towers,its shape is octagonal,and it has a spire.The

29、 grand entrance at the base of the Victoria Tower(left)is used for important state affairs and by the king or queen during the opening of Parliament after elections.6The History of WestminsterMost people have heard of London.The name itself can bring to mind big red buses,black taxicabs,fish and chi

30、ps,and Buckingham Palace guards wearing enormous headgear.Its true that London offers all these things and more.As the capital city of what is now the United Kingdom(UK),London is home to Westminster Palace,which is the United Kingdoms seat of governmentParliament.United KingdomUnited KingdomATLANTI

31、C OCEANNORTH SEAIRELANDNORTHERN IRELANDSCOTLANDENGLANDWALESDublinLondonEdinburghGlasgowBelfastRiver ThamesHHH15Some curious rules are in force inside the Houses of Parliament.For example,no English king or queen is allowed inside the House of Commons.The last monarch to set foot there was King Charl

32、es I,in 1642.No one,no matter what their rank in society,is allowed to wear a suit of armor inside the Houses of Parliament.According to a seven-hundred-year-old belief,no one is permitted to die within Westminster Palace.If someone starts to look unwell,he or she is supposed to be quickly escorted

33、out of the building.Queen Elizabeth II(center)sits in Westminster Hall on opening day of Parliament.Opening day happens after an election and is the only day when the House of Commons,the House of Lords,and the king or queen meet.Big Ben and Westminster Palace Level Z17Westminster Palace wasnt alway

34、s home to Parliament.From the middle of the eleventh century until the sixteenth century,Westminster Palace was the chosen home of the kings and queens of England.The original palace,including the existing Westminster Hall,was built between 1097 and 1099 during the reign of King William II.At the ti

35、me,the palace was outside of London,but eventually the city grew to surround it.There are no existing documents to show the exact layout of the palace in its earliest days.No records remain to show what the ceiling looked like in the time of King William II.The huge wooden ceiling that exists today

36、was added in 1393 by King Richard II.King Richard IIBig Ben and Westminster Palace Level Z114Houses of Parliament refers to either the building or to the bodies of the government of the United Kingdom.The buildings that Barry and Pugin built nearly 150 years ago still stand on the banks of the Thame

37、s,but inside is the much more ancient Westminster Hall,or Great Hall,built over nine hundred years ago.Over the centuries,the hall has been used for feasts,banquets,and the ceremonies when a new king or queen is crowned,called coronations.Westminster Hall has also been used for entertainment and pol

38、itical rallies,and even for tradespeople to set up stalls and stores to sell their goods.The Great Hall is famous for having the largest medieval wooden roof in Northern Europe.In April 1685,at the coronation of King James II and Queen Mary,144 separate dishes were served in Westminster Hall.Not con

39、tent with that,cooks served an additional thirty dishes created only for the king and queens enjoyment,for a total of 174 dishes.A Grand AffairA Grand AffairThe coronation banquet of James II of England and his queen,Mary,was an elaborate event.James II reigned from 1685 to 1688.8Westminster Palace

40、became important as the center of government during the reign of King Henry III,from 1216 to 1272.Before that time,the government tended to be located wherever the royal leader was.King Henry VIII,who is famous for having had six wives and beheading large numbers of people,was the last monarch to li

41、ve in Westminster Palace.After a fire in 1512,Henry VIII moved out and settled at Whitehall Palace.Over time,Westminster Palace became the permanent home of the Houses of Parliament.The Palace of Westminster and the Houses of Parliament as they looked in the sixteenth centuryKing Henry VIII divorced

42、 two of his six wives and beheaded two others.He reigned from 1509 to 1547.13Inside Westminster and ParliamentToday,the United Kingdom has two houses of Parliament:the House of Commons and the House of Lords.The House of Commons has 650 members.These politicians are democratically elected by the Bri

43、tish people.It is their responsibility to debate and vote on laws presented to them by other members.The number of members in the House of Lords varies,and its members arent elected.Instead,some are lords who have inherited titles,or are people who have been given a title by a monarch.Others are bis

44、hops and archbishops belonging to the Church of England.With approval from the Lords and the Commons,bills become laws,called Acts of Parliament.House of CommonsHouse of LordsVisitors can plan tours of the Houses of Parliament on Saturdays throughout the year or on weekdays when Parliament is in rec

45、ess.Big Ben and Westminster Palace Level Z19 10971099:Westminster Hall is constructed.1393:The free-standing roof of Westminster Hall replaces the original.1512:King Henry VIII,the last monarch to live at Westminster,moves out.1605:Guy Fawkes attempts to blow up Parliament and kill King James.1642:K

46、ing Charles I is the last monarch to set foot inside the House of Commons.1834:Fire destroys the Houses of Parliament.Westminster Hall is saved.1940:World War II:nine months of bombing by Nazi Germany destroys many historic London buildings.2012:The clock tower is officially renamed the Elizabeth To

47、wer.Big Ben and Westminster PalaceBig Ben and Westminster PalaceThroughout intense German bombing during WWII,Big Ben survived and continued to chime every fifteen minutes.Big Ben and Westminster Palace Level Z112Fire and ReconstructionOver two hundred years after the Gunpowder Plot,an enormous fire

48、 in 1834 all but destroyed the Houses of Parliament.Six years later,a competition was held to choose an architect,and Charles Barry won.Barry confidently estimated that the palace would take six years to build,and construction began.Barrys estimate was quite wrong,however.It took thirty years to bui

49、ld the palace and cost much more than what was estimated.Barry enlisted the help of another architect,Augustus Pugin,to produce some drawings and also to advise him on fittings and furniture.Arguments exist to this day about which architect should receive more credit for this majestic buildingBarry

50、or Pugin.Sadly,in the end,neither architect had the opportunity to set eyes on the finished palace.Pugin died in 1852 and Barry in 1860,ten years before workers completed the palace.Augustus PuginCharles Barry10Remember,remember!The fifth of November,The Gunpowder treason and plot;I know of no reaso