原版英语RAZ 教案(R) George Washington Carver.pdf

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1、www.readinga-George Washington CarverA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:1,100Written by Cynthia Kennedy HenzelLEVELED BOOK RLORGeorge Washington CarverVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.CorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover,

2、page 13(top):Corbis;back cover,pages 8,11,16:The Granger Collection,NYC;title page:AP Images;page 3:Christopher Gannon/Tribune/AP Images;page 5:iS Sucsy;page 7(left):courtesy of George Washington Carver National Monument;page 7(right):courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Division,HABS

3、MO,73-DIA.V,1-1;pages 12,19:Bettmann/Corbis;page 13(bottom):iS Islander;page 15:Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis;page 17:iS Crockett;page 18:Jim West/The Image WorksWritten by Cynthia Kennedy HenzelGeorge Washington CarverLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Cynthia Kennedy HenzelIllustrated b

4、y Stephen MarchesiAll rights reserved.www.readinga-www.readinga-George Washington Carver34Table of ContentsA Ruined Land .4Born a Slave .6Learning on His Own.8Making a Difference .11Ideas Are Free .15Unfair to Farmers .16A Lasting Legacy.18Glossary .20A Ruined LandGeorge Washington Carver was shocke

5、d by what he saw from the window of the train.It was 1896,and families lived in crumbling shacks with cotton planted all the way up to the porch.The Alabama farmland was eroded and cracked.The cotton plants were as skinny and unhealthy as the children.In Alabama,George Washington Carver saw cottonan

6、d little elsegrowing everywhere.George Washington Carver Level R56During the Civil War(18611865),many of the old plantations of the South had been destroyed.More than 600,000 people had died during the fighting,leaving farms abandoned or not cared for.More than four million slaves had been freed,but

7、 most had no education and few skills to make a life for themselves.Thirty years after the war,many of the freed slaves could barely feed their families.Professor Carver had given up a good job teaching at an Iowa college to come to Alabama to help the struggling farmers.He would help them by teachi

8、ng that too much of a good thing can become a bad thing.What was ruining their farms was too much cotton.Born a SlaveGeorge was born in Missouri in 1864,during the Civil War.His mother was a slave,so George was born a slave,too.When George was a baby,night riders stole him and his mother.Moses and S

9、usan Carver,the couple who owned them,sent a man to find them.He found George,but his mother was never seen again.IowaMissouriAlabamaTexasArkansasIllinoisMichiganWisconsinKansasOklahomaNebraskaMinnesotaS.DakotaGeorgiaFloridaMississippiLouisianaTennesseeKentuckyWest VirginiaIndianaOhioGULF OF MEXICOC

10、arver grew up in Missouri,studied in Kansas and Iowa,and worked in Alabama.States Where Carver Lived and WorkedCANADAGeorge Washington Carver Level R78When the Civil War ended in 1865,George and his older brother,Jim,were freed.The Carvers gave the orphaned boys a home.Jim helped Moses in the fields

11、,but George was often sick and stayed at home to help Susan.She taught him to read,write,and sew,but George liked best to garden and explore nature.Learning on His Own George taught himself about the local plants and animals,but he wanted to go to school to learn even more.Many schools at that time

12、were segregated,which meant that white and black students could not attend the same school.The local school did not allow black students,so when George was twelve,he left home to go to school.He lived with another couple,the Watkins,and worked for his meals and room.At thirteen,he moved to Kansas.Te

13、rror in the Night During and after the days of slavery,groups of men roamed the countryside terrifying,robbing,and murdering people.These men wanted black people to remain slaves.They hoped to scare or punish black people who tried to escape or improve their lives.The men dressed in sheets to look l

14、ike ghosts.Because they attacked at night,they were known as night riders.Georges NameGeorges mother gave him his first name,and he was known as Carvers George.When he moved at age 12,Mariah Watkins,the woman he lived with,told him he was no ones property:He should say his name was George Carver.Lat

15、er,because there was another George Carver in town,he added the initial W to avoid mix-ups.When someone asked what the W stood for years later,he said“Washington.”So,forever after,he was called George Washington Carver.The Carver home in Diamond,MissouriA segregated school in Kentucky,1916Moses Carv

16、erGeorge Washington Carver Level R910George was unhappy,but he did not give up learning.He farmed and taught himself to paint.His friends encouraged him to try a different college.He went to Simpson College in Iowa to study art,and this time,the college let him stay.George was happy at Simpson Colle

17、ge,but he believed that he could help others more by studying agriculture,the science of farming.He moved to Iowa State Agricultural College and became the first black graduate there as well as the first black professor.George worked for several families in Kansas until he graduated from high school

18、.He received a scholarship to attend a Kansas college.Yet when George got to the college,he was not allowed to stay because the college did not accept black students.George could not attend college in Kansas because of his skin color.George received his diploma from Iowa State Agricultural College.G

19、eorge Washington Carver Level R1112Making a DifferenceIn 1896,when Professor Carver arrived in Alabama,he quickly realized what was wrong with the cotton crop.Years of growing only cotton had worn out the soil.The farmers barely made enough money to buy food,so there was no money to buy fertilizer.E

20、ach year the crop was smaller,and the farmers were poorer.Professor Carver taught the farmers that dead leaves and swamp muck could be added to the soillike fertilizer,but free.Planting sweet potatoes,peas,or peanuts in the fields after the cotton was picked also helped the soil.These crops put nitr

21、ogen,an important nutrient that the cotton crop used up,back in the soil.Whats more,these new crops were foods that farmers could eat.Carver sent out information about how to grow them and included recipes for tasty,new dishes.Now farmers could spend less money buying food from stores.Carver held a

22、chunk of soil from a worn-out field.Children helped pick cotton on a Mississippi plantation in the late 1800s.George Washington Carver Level R1314Still,farmers needed a way to sell these new crops.So Professor Carver became an inventor.He developed more than a hundred ways to use sweet potatoes and

23、three hundred ways to use peanuts!Ideas Are FreeBy 1921,people were listening to Carvers ideas.He was asked to speak before members of the U.S.Congress.Some of the members from the South,who were shocked to see a black man speaking to Congress,laughed and made fun of him.Still,he had been given ten

24、minutes to talk,and he made the most of them.The Truth About Peanut ButterCarver invented up to 300 uses for the peanut:pavement,grease,medicines,peanut coffee,peanut mayonnaise,peanut flour,peanut milk,shoe polish,bleach,sandpaper,and more.Contrary to popular belief,however,he did not create peanut

25、 butter.The Aztecs are known to have eaten a paste made from peanuts.Peter Pan and then Skippy were the first companies to make the creamy,tasty goo we eat today.Carver put Southern crops to work in his laboratory.Carver spoke to members of Congress about peanuts.George Washington Carver Level R1516

26、Carver began to talk about all the things that could be made with the tiny peanut.The men fell silent.When his ten minutes were up,they gave him more time.In the end,Congress passed a law to help U.S.peanut farmers.Over the years,Carver became as famous as many rock stars are today.Crowds gathered t

27、o hear the famed scientist speak.The inventor Thomas Edison offered him a high-paying job in his lab,but Carver didnt want it.He wanted to help people more than he wanted to make money.He believed that ideas were free,so they should be freely given.Unfair to FarmersCarver spent forty-seven years hel

28、ping poor farmers.There was a limit,though,to what one man and his science could do.He could not change the unfair conditions that kept many farmers in the South poor.Carver greeted President Franklin Delano Roosevelt,around 1936.An Alabama sharecropper family,1902George Washington Carver Level R171

29、8Many were sharecroppers who could not afford to buy land.Sharecroppers grew cotton on someone elses land.Many of those who owned land in the South cheated their tenants by lending them money to buy supplies at high interest rates.The farmers share of the crop went to pay the landowner,so the farmer

30、 was left with nothing.Other farmers rented land.If a farmer worked hard to improve the land,the landowner could raise the rent.The farmer had to pay more or move.A Lasting LegacyOther scientists during Carvers time invented ways to use oil to make fuel,fertilizers,and plastics.Carver realized that

31、oil was a resource that would someday be used up.He experimented with fuel made from plants.He encouraged farmers to use natural fertilizers instead of expensive,unsafe chemicals that polluted the land and water.He taught recycling,telling his students,“Save everything.From what you have make what y

32、ou want.”Carver knew natural compost would feed the soil,as in this community garden.Math MinuteInterest is the amount of money people are charged when they borrow money from other people or banks.If someone borrows$100 at an interest rate of 25%per year,that person will owe$125 after one year.If yo

33、u borrowed$200 with a 10%interest rate,how much interest would you owe after one year?George Washington Carver Level R1920George Washington Carver believed that people should treat each other with respect.He won the respect of a nation at a time when few black people got much respect at all.Carver a

34、lso believed that people should respect and care for the Earth.If they did,nature would provide the things they needed.Many years later,we are discovering that he was right.Glossaryagriculture(n.)the science of farming and raising livestock(p.10)Civil War(n.)the war between the northern and southern

35、 states of the United States of America(18611865)(p.5)Congress(n.)the highest lawmaking body of the U.S.government,which includes the Senate and the House of Representatives(p.14)fertilizer(n.)a natural or chemical substance that promotes plant growth(p.11)inventor(n.)a person who creates,designs,or

36、 builds something that did not exist before(p.13)nutrient(n.)a substance that living things need to live,stay healthy,and grow (p.12)professor(n.)a college or university teacher who teaches in a specialized field(p.5)segregated(adj.)kept apart based on group differences,such as race(p.8)sharecroppers(n.)farmers who work on lands owned by others in return for part of the profit from the crops(p.17)Not long before he died,Carver donated$33,000 to the Tuskegee Institute to carry on the agricultural work he began.(That would be about$450,000 today!)George Washington Carver Level R