原版英语RAZ 教案Saladin_DS.pdf

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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.SaladinA Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,487WritingSaladin said,“I have become as great as I am because I have won mens hearts by gentleness and kindness.”Write an essay explaining how he accomplished this.Use details from the book

2、 and outside resources.Social StudiesLocate Jerusalem on the map.Discuss with a partner why the three religions of Judaism,Islam,and Christianity all claim rightful ownership of the holy city.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Dorothy KensingtonLEVELED BOOK XLEVELED BOOK XSaladinwww.readinga-What ma

3、de Saladin a respected leader?Focus QuestionWritten by Dorothy KensingtonSaladin16Glossarycaravans(n.)processions of people,often with vehicles or animals,traveling together(p.9)looted(v.)stole things,often during a destructive event such as a war or riot(p.8)mosque(n.)a place of worship in the Isla

4、mic faith(p.5)Muslim(n.)a person who follows the religion of Islam(p.4)pilgrimage(n.)a journey to a sacred or special place,such as a shrine(p.5)raided(v.)carried out a surprise attack or invasion with a specific purpose(p.9)sacred(adj.)of or relating to a god,religion,or spiritual purpose;holy(p.4)

5、shrines(n.)containers or small spaces where religious objects are kept;places that are considered special or holy tributes to a person or a god(p.10)sultan(n.)a ruler in a Muslim country,similar to a king or emperor(p.5)truce(n.)an agreement not to fight(p.9)vengeful(adj.)desiring or seeking to harm

6、 or punish someone in return for an offense or injury(p.10)virtuous(adj.)having or showing goodness or clear standards of right and wrong(p.8)16SaladinWorld Leaders Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Dorothy KensingtonAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A French portrait of Saladin

7、from the sixteenth centuryTitle page:A portrait of SaladinPage 3:Today,Middle Eastern countries include Turkey,Cyprus,Syria,Lebanon,Iraq,Iran,Israel,the West Bank,the Gaza Strip,Jordan,Egypt,Sudan,Libya,and the countries on the Arabian peninsula.Photo Credits:Front cover,page 11:Granger,NYC;title pa

8、ge:Hulton Archive/Hulton Royals Collection/Getty Images;page 4:Alexey Stiop/123RF;page 5:DEA/De Agostini/Getty Images;page 6:P 7:travelpixs/Alamy Stock Photo;page 8:De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images;page 12:Pantheon/Pantheon/SuperStock;page 13(left):imageBROKER/imageBROKER/SuperStock;page 13(

9、right):David Lyon/Alamy Stock Photo;page 14:Eye Ubiquitous/REX/Shutterstock;page 15(left):The Art Archive/The Art Archive/SuperStock;page 15(top right):J.D.Dallet/age fotostock/SuperStock;page 15(bottom right):First Crusade,Escott,Dan/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Imagescaravanslootedm

10、osqueMuslimpilgrimageraidedsacredshrinessultantrucevengefulvirtuousWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15The Life of SaladinThe Life of Saladin1189:Third Crusade begins1137 or 1138:Born in Tikrit,Mesopotamia11521169:Serves under Syrian ruler Nur al-Din1169:Becomes r

11、uler of Egypt and commander of Egypts Syrian troopsMarch 4,1193:Saladin dies in Damascus1174:Nur al-Din dies;Saladin launches effort to unite the Muslim statesJuly 12,1191:Battle in Acre ends1185:Succeeds in uniting the Muslim statesAugust 4,1192:Battle of Jaffa endsJuly 4,1187:Battle of HattinOctob

12、er 2,1187:Recaptures Jerusalem after two-week battleSeptember 2,1192:Truce between Saladin and Richard the Lionheart11301140115011601170118011901200Saladin Level X153The Middle East in Saladins Time,11371193The Middle East in Saladins Time,11371193PERSIAN GULFCASPIAN SEAMEDITERRANEAN SEARED SEAEGYPT

13、TikritBaghdadJaffaJerusalemCairoBaalbekAleppoDamascusEuphrates RiverTigris RiverHattinSyrian DesertArabian DesertMESOPOTAMIAAFRICAASIAEUROPESaladin Level XTable of ContentsThe Middle East .4Early Years .5Rise to Power .7Fighting the Franks .9A Fierce Opponent .11After the Truce .13An Honorable Leade

14、r .14Glossary .1614An Honorable LeaderWhen Saladin was alive,he was respected for his intelligence as well as his political and military skills.Muslims respected him for uniting them and for driving the Crusaders out of Jerusalem.Even though the Crusaders were his enemies,they too had high respect f

15、or Saladin.He was known across two continents as a leader who,while fierce in battle,also showed mercy.The time in history when Saladin livedthe Middle Ageswas known for great violence.Still,one of its most respected leaders is remembered for just the opposite.Just before Saladin died,he told his ol

16、dest son,“I have become as great as I am because I have won mens hearts by gentleness and kindness.”Saladin set an example of an honorable leader during his lifetime,and he continues to set an example today.A statue of Saladin on horseback stands today in Damascus,South Syria.4Jerusalem is one of th

17、e worlds oldest cities.Today it is the capital of Israel.The Middle EastSaladin lived in a part of the world known as the Middle East nearly nine hundred years ago.As a young Muslim,he studied his faith and carefully followed its teachings.As an adult,he became one of the most famous Muslim military

18、 leaders in history.The world Saladin was born into was complex.The city of Jerusalem is considered holy by three world religions:Judaism,Islam,and Christianity.The city has many buildings and other sites that are sacred to the three religions followers.For centuries,Muslim-ruled Jerusalem was home

19、to Muslims,Christians,and Jews alike.In 1099,decades before Saladins birth,Western European Christians arrived in the holy city and seized control.They promised safety to the citys residents but instead killed thousands.Saladin would reclaim Jerusalem for Muslims.13The building that houses Saladins

20、tomb was built in 1193 and restored in 1898.Saladins tombSaladin Level XAfter the TruceSaladin went home to Damascus after the truce was signed.He died only six months later,on March 4,1193,at age fifty-five.Because he never cared much for money or a life of luxury,he gave everything away,so there w

21、as no money for a proper burial.He was later buried in a building constructed by his son in Damascus.After Saladins death,his family continued to rule over Egypt and nearby lands until 1250.At that point,another group gained power.Jerusalem remained mostly under Muslim rule for centuries.5Saladins M

22、uslim name is Salah al-Din,which means“he who honors the faith.”Saladin is the Western version of his name.Saladin Level XEarly YearsSaladin was born in 1137 or 1138 to a Muslim family in Tikrit,Mesopotamiamany miles from Jerusalem.He was the son of a wealthy chief.The family left Tikrit when Saladi

23、n was an infant and moved west to Aleppo,in northern Syria.The area,which was under the leadership of Sultan Zengi,was part of the Turkish Empire.Saladins father went to work for Zengi when Saladin was six.The family moved again,to Baalbek and Damascus,where Saladin attended school at a mosque begin

24、ning at age seven.He learned about following the Five Pillars of Islam:faith,prayer,fasting,the giving of alms(money or food for poor people),and pilgrimage.He also studied science,math,poetry,religion,and Arabic history and culture.He was more interested in becoming a scholar than preparing for a m

25、ilitary career.12Richard was a brilliant commander who forced the Muslims at Acre to surrender only a month after his arrival.In August 1191,he marched Frankish troops south toward Jaffa while Saladins archers attacked them nonstop.However,Saladins army was growing weaker from long years of fighting

26、,and Saladin couldnt stop Richard from capturing coastal cities.Instead,Saladin took his army to Jerusalem to strengthen it against Frankish troops.However,the Franks never attacked.Richard realized he didnt have the army to take and hold the holy city.His decision to turn away signaled the end of t

27、he Third Crusade.On September 2,1192,Saladins brother discussed the terms of a truce with Richard.Saladin allowed the Franks to keep the coast between Tyre and Jaffa.The rest of the land,including Jerusalem,would be Muslim land,but Christians would be allowed to visit holy places.Saladins honorable

28、conduct won him lasting respect and appreciation from the Christian world.King Richard I of England6Muslim society placed great importance on leading a spiritual life and having a connection with Allah(God).Muslims were taught to be fair,generous,loving,merciful,noble,and humble.Saladins life underw

29、ent a great change in 1146.Zengis second son,Nur al-Din,took control of part of his fathers kingdom after Zengi died.Saladins father became governor of Damascus,and Saladins uncle Shirkuh became a military general.Saladin joined Nur al-Dins army at age fourteen and became the sultans chief aide a fe

30、w years later.The sultan was rich and powerful,but he led a life of honor and simplicity.He ruled with fairness and used his wealth to help his people.Nur al-Din was a model for Saladins life.The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam11Saladin Level XA Fierce OpponentEurope was shocked by th

31、e news that the Muslims had taken Jerusalem.European leaders immediately called for a Third Crusade.King Richard I of England(Richard the Lionheart)was one of the European kings who raised armies to take back the holy city.In the end,Richard led the effort.Saladin tried to capture Tyre,the strongest

32、 remaining Frankish fortress,but did not succeed.He freed King Guy at about the same time.Guy and his supporters went to Acre,which was under Muslim control,and attacked.By the time Saladin and his army reached Acre,Crusaders had arrived from Europe,and Saladin couldnt defeat them.A battle lasting 6

33、38 days took place with Muslims inside the fortress,surrounded by Christians,surrounded by Saladins army.The leaders of the Third Crusade and their armies arrived in the spring of 1191first Philip Augustus of France,and Richard the Lionheart a few weeks later.Philip Augustus7Saladin ordered the Cita

34、del of Saladin,in Egypt,to be built between 1176 and 1184.It was built for protection from Western European Christians.Saladin Level XRise to PowerSaladin continued to learn and,during his late twenties,he traveled to Egypt with his uncle Shirkuh on several military expeditions.The purpose was to pr

35、event Egypt from falling under the control of Western European Christians,known as Franks.Egypt was in a state of political confusion,and Shirkuh ended up becoming its ruler.After Shirkuh died nine weeks later,Saladin,age thirty-one,became the new ruler in 1169.He also became the commander of Egypts

36、 Syrian troops.Saladin vowed to free Jerusalem and the surrounding area from the Franks.He improved Egypts economy and built schools,which attracted scholars from Europe and Asia.10Saladins Battles Against the Franks,11871192 Saladins Battles Against the Franks,11871192 DEAD SEASEA OF GALILEEJerusal

37、emHattinAcreTyreTiberiasMEDITERRANEAN SEASyrian DesertArabian DesertThe Franks fled to the fortress at Tyre to build up their forces again.Saladin decided to deal with Tyre later and turned his attention to retaking Jerusalem.His army attacked Jerusalem and took the holy city two weeks later,on Octo

38、ber 2,1187.Saladin had finally accomplished his goal of returning Jerusalem to Muslim control.The Muslim takeover of Jerusalem was a crushing blow for the Crusaders.In contrast to the Christian takeover of Jerusalem in 1099,Saladins takeover was not cruel or vengeful.No Christian holy places were de

39、stroyed,and numerous sources reported that few people were killed.After the takeover,Saladin allowed Christians to continue to visit their shrines within the city.8The CrusadesThe CrusadesCrusades,or wars,were ordered by Popes who called for Western European Christians to fight in the Middle East.Th

40、eir purpose was to stop Muslim control and reclaim the holy city of Jerusalem and other captured areas.Pope Urban II ordered the First Crusade in 1095.Pope Urban IISaladin could have lived in an enormous palace but preferred a small,simple house,and he gave away most of the palaces riches.As a leade

41、r,he gained loyalty because of his strength as well as his gentle,generous nature.Nur al-Din died just a few years later,in 1174.Saladin,believing he was the best choice to rule,took an army into Syria and fought Nur al-Dins brothers for nine years.During that time,he ordered his soldiers to treat t

42、heir enemies with respect.Saladins men never looted or burned villages,never pursued a retreating army,and never treated captives without mercy.Saladin was a skillful political and military leader,and his reputation for being firm,virtuous,and generous grew.By 1185,Syria,Palestine,Egypt,and northern

43、 Mesopotamiathe area between the Euphrates and Tigris Riverswere under Saladins control.9Saladin Level XFighting the FranksIn 1187,Saladin launched a war against the Franks,who had conquered Jerusalem eighty-eight years earlier during the First Crusade.His plan was to drive out the invaders,take bac

44、k the holy city,and encourage the spread of Islam.At the time,the Franks were fighting among themselves over who should rule Jerusalem.Raynald of Chtillon(sha-tee-YOHN),a man who was hostile toward Muslims,gained control of trade routes,and Guy of Lusignan(loo-zee-NYON),became king.Before then,Arab

45、and Frankish traders had passed through each others lands peacefully.When Raynald took charge,he broke treaties with Saladin,attacked Muslim trade caravans,and raided coastal towns.In early July 1187,Saladins army captured the town of Tiberias and surrounded the castle.In response,King Guy raised a

46、Crusader army of twenty thousand soldiers to take back Tiberias.On the way,Saladins army forced Guys troops up against two hills called the Horns of Hattin.Although the Franks fought hard,Saladins army defeated them badly.King Guy was taken captive,but Saladin later spared his life.However,he killed Raynald,who had destroyed the truce between Saladin and the Crusaders.Saladin then took control of the castle at Tiberias.