原版英语RAZ 教案Biomimicry_DS.pdf

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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.BiomimicryA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,617Writing Which plant or animal adaptation do you think has provided the most important lesson for humans?Write a persuasive essay using information from the book,as well as outside reso

2、urces,to support your answer.ScienceResearch other examples of biomimicry not found in the book.Choose one and write an informational paragraph about it.Create a poster that includes your paragraph to share with your class.Connectionswww.readinga-YZ1Z2LEVELED BOOK YBiomimicryWritten by Rus Buyokwww.

3、readinga-What important lessons have we learned from biomimicry?Focus QuestionWritten by Rus BuyokBiomimicryBiomimicryLevel Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Rus BuyokAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,pages 6(top left),8(inset,background),9(top inset,bottom inset,backgrou

4、nd),11(inset,background):Eye of Science/Science Source;title page(top):Dieter Wanke/Alamy;title page(bottom):Hal Beral/Corbis;page 3,13(background):Michael Aw/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 4(main):iStock/Mark Weiss;page 4(inset,background):iStock/Matej Pribelsky;page 5(main):Douglas Faulkner/Science S

5、ource;page 5(background):snehit/123RF;page 6(top right):Nicholas Burningham/Alamy;page 6(inset):iStock/Oleg Rubik;page 6(background):iStock/Scott Rothstein;page 7(main):Cordelia Molloy/Science Source;page 7(inset):Paul Ridsdale Pictures/Alamy;page 7(background):Jim Mills/D;page 8(main):Steve Gschmei

6、ssner/Science Source;page 9(main):WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 10(main):Kyodo/AP Images;page 10(inset):Cyril Ruoso/JH Editorial/Minden Pictures;page 10(background):Victor Soares/123RF;page 11(top):Reuters/Corbis;page 11(bottom):Tim Davis/Corbis;page 12(left,background):Michael Pearce Partnership/Aga Kha

7、n Trust for Culture;page 12(right):iStock/Terraxplorer;page 13(left):Mark Conlin/Alamy;page 13(right):Jamie Pham/Alamy;page 14(main):iStock/Ralph125;page 14(background):iStock/;page 15(top):iStock/Maria Kazanova;page 15(bottom):Sablin/iStock/Thinkstock;pages 15(background),16(background),19(backgrou

8、nd),20(background):iStock/AVTG;page 16(left):Irwin Barrett/First Light/Corbis;page 16(right):SMIT-Sustainably Minded Interactive Technology LLC;page 17(main):Dr.Julian Gutt/PA Photos/Landov;page 17(background):courtesy of NOAA;page 18(main):ephotocorp/Alamy;page 18(background):iStock/ooyoo;page 19(m

9、ain):Suzi Eszterhas/Minden Picturesadaptedantifreezechlorophylldecomposediscardeddurableecosystemfossil fuelsglaregroovedorganismresourceWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA19A chimpanzee and her baby eat medicinal plants.ConclusionNature provides important lessons

10、for humans,but there is still much to be learned.By studying the living things around us,scientists can find inspiration for solutions to important problems.The best answers may be right under our noses,waiting to be discovered through the science of biomimicry.Biomimicry Level Y20Glossaryadapted(ad

11、j.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or environment(p.11)antifreeze(n.)something added to lower the freezing point of a substance(p.17)chlorophyll(n.)a substance in green plants that can turn water,air,and sunlight into food(p.16)decompose(v.)to decay,rot,or break down into small parts(p.14

12、)discarded(adj.)thrown away or rejected(p.14)durable(adj.)sturdy and able to last for a long time(p.18)ecosystem(n.)a community of living things together with their habitat(p.15)fossil fuels(n.)energy sources,such as coal,oil,and natural gas,that are taken from the ground(p.16)glare(n.)a bright ligh

13、t,usually reflected off something(p.8)grooved(adj.)having long,narrow cuts or channels(p.11)organism(n.)a living thing(p.15)resource(n.)a supply of something valuable or very useful(p.15)www.readinga-What important lessons have we learned from biomimicry?Focus QuestionWritten by Rus BuyokBiomimicryB

14、iomimicryLevel Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Rus BuyokAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,pages 6(top left),8(inset,background),9(top inset,bottom inset,background),11(inset,background):Eye of Science/Science Source;title page(top):Dieter Wanke/Alamy;title page(bottom):

15、Hal Beral/Corbis;page 3,13(background):Michael Aw/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 4(main):iStock/Mark Weiss;page 4(inset,background):iStock/Matej Pribelsky;page 5(main):Douglas Faulkner/Science Source;page 5(background):snehit/123RF;page 6(top right):Nicholas Burningham/Alamy;page 6(inset):iStock/Oleg R

16、ubik;page 6(background):iStock/Scott Rothstein;page 7(main):Cordelia Molloy/Science Source;page 7(inset):Paul Ridsdale Pictures/Alamy;page 7(background):Jim Mills/D;page 8(main):Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source;page 9(main):WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 10(main):Kyodo/AP Images;page 10(inset):Cyril Ruos

17、o/JH Editorial/Minden Pictures;page 10(background):Victor Soares/123RF;page 11(top):Reuters/Corbis;page 11(bottom):Tim Davis/Corbis;page 12(left,background):Michael Pearce Partnership/Aga Khan Trust for Culture;page 12(right):iStock/Terraxplorer;page 13(left):Mark Conlin/Alamy;page 13(right):Jamie P

18、ham/Alamy;page 14(main):iStock/Ralph125;page 14(background):iStock/;page 15(top):iStock/Maria Kazanova;page 15(bottom):Sablin/iStock/Thinkstock;pages 15(background),16(background),19(background),20(background):iStock/AVTG;page 16(left):Irwin Barrett/First Light/Corbis;page 16(right):SMIT-Sustainably

19、 Minded Interactive Technology LLC;page 17(main):Dr.Julian Gutt/PA Photos/Landov;page 17(background):courtesy of NOAA;page 18(main):ephotocorp/Alamy;page 18(background):iStock/ooyoo;page 19(main):Suzi Eszterhas/Minden Picturesadaptedantifreezechlorophylldecomposediscardeddurableecosystemfossil fuels

20、glaregroovedorganismresourceWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA19A chimpanzee and her baby eat medicinal plants.ConclusionNature provides important lessons for humans,but there is still much to be learned.By studying the living things around us,scientists can find

21、inspiration for solutions to important problems.The best answers may be right under our noses,waiting to be discovered through the science of biomimicry.Biomimicry Level Y20Glossaryadapted(adj.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or environment(p.11)antifreeze(n.)something added to lower the

22、freezing point of a substance(p.17)chlorophyll(n.)a substance in green plants that can turn water,air,and sunlight into food(p.16)decompose(v.)to decay,rot,or break down into small parts(p.14)discarded(adj.)thrown away or rejected(p.14)durable(adj.)sturdy and able to last for a long time(p.18)ecosys

23、tem(n.)a community of living things together with their habitat(p.15)fossil fuels(n.)energy sources,such as coal,oil,and natural gas,that are taken from the ground(p.16)glare(n.)a bright light,usually reflected off something(p.8)grooved(adj.)having long,narrow cuts or channels(p.11)organism(n.)a liv

24、ing thing(p.15)resource(n.)a supply of something valuable or very useful(p.15)17An Antarctic ice fishFish AntifreezeFreezing temperatures can be hard on machines and living things.Chemical antifreeze keeps engines and machines running in cold weather.Some kinds of ice fish use natural antifreeze to

25、survive chilly temperatures in Antarctic waters.Unlike chemical antifreeze,fish antifreeze does not harm living tissue.Scientists are trying to learn more about how the fish make and use natural antifreeze.This information can help researchers create a safe way to keep living tissue warm and healthy

26、.Biomimicry Level Y18A funnel spider and webSpider SilkSpiderwebs are made of sticky silk that is also quite strong.A thread of spider silk is about three times as strong as a steel thread of the same size.Scientists have analyzed spider silk so that they can create a similar material.The human-made

27、 silk could be used to create all sorts of durable materials,from bandages to fences.MedicineAnimals that live in the wild sometimes get ill,just as people do.Unlike humans,they cant go to a doctor or clinic.Instead,they have found ways to treat themselves,either by eating certain plants or applying

28、 minerals.Observing animal behavior might provide people with clues about treatments for human sicknesses.3Table of ContentsIntroduction .4What Is Biomimicry?.5That Comes from What?.6Why Is Biomimicry So Important?.14The Future of Biomimicry .16Conclusion .19Glossary .20 Biomimicry Level Y4A peacock

29、 displays his feathers to attract mates.IntroductionDid you know that a peacocks feathers have little color of their own?The colors we see come from the shape of the feathers,which causes light to bend so they look colorful.Have you ever noticed how flying locusts never seem to run into each other?O

30、ne part of their tiny brains notices and reacts to things in front of them much faster than our brains can.Nature is filled with many plants and animals that have developed special ways to live and survive.For years,humans have studied these ways to learn more about how they work.Now a science calle

31、d biomimicry teaches us how to use what we learn from nature in our own lives.3Table of ContentsIntroduction .4What Is Biomimicry?.5That Comes from What?.6Why Is Biomimicry So Important?.14The Future of Biomimicry .16Conclusion .19Glossary .20 Biomimicry Level Y4A peacock displays his feathers to at

32、tract mates.IntroductionDid you know that a peacocks feathers have little color of their own?The colors we see come from the shape of the feathers,which causes light to bend so they look colorful.Have you ever noticed how flying locusts never seem to run into each other?One part of their tiny brains

33、 notices and reacts to things in front of them much faster than our brains can.Nature is filled with many plants and animals that have developed special ways to live and survive.For years,humans have studied these ways to learn more about how they work.Now a science called biomimicry teaches us how

34、to use what we learn from nature in our own lives.17An Antarctic ice fishFish AntifreezeFreezing temperatures can be hard on machines and living things.Chemical antifreeze keeps engines and machines running in cold weather.Some kinds of ice fish use natural antifreeze to survive chilly temperatures

35、in Antarctic waters.Unlike chemical antifreeze,fish antifreeze does not harm living tissue.Scientists are trying to learn more about how the fish make and use natural antifreeze.This information can help researchers create a safe way to keep living tissue warm and healthy.Biomimicry Level Y18A funne

36、l spider and webSpider SilkSpiderwebs are made of sticky silk that is also quite strong.A thread of spider silk is about three times as strong as a steel thread of the same size.Scientists have analyzed spider silk so that they can create a similar material.The human-made silk could be used to creat

37、e all sorts of durable materials,from bandages to fences.MedicineAnimals that live in the wild sometimes get ill,just as people do.Unlike humans,they cant go to a doctor or clinic.Instead,they have found ways to treat themselves,either by eating certain plants or applying minerals.Observing animal b

38、ehavior might provide people with clues about treatments for human sicknesses.15In nature,however,nothing is wasted.Any waste becomes a resource for another organism.A dead tree,for example,becomes food,shelter,and energy for hundreds of living things.One species trash is another species treasure,as

39、 everything discarded contributes to the well-being of the ecosystem.People can take their cue from nature and do their part by being careful about what resources they use and considering what happens when theyre finished with them.Mushrooms and moss grow on a fallen tree.Plastic bottles and trash l

40、itter a beach.Biomimicry Level Y16Solar Ivy(right)acts like artificial leaves,turning sunlight into energy as a tree does(left).The Future of BiomimicryArtificial LeavesSolar panels turn sunlight into electricity and are considered a cleaner fuel source than fossil fuels.While the panels produce no

41、harmful gasses,they are costly to manufacture.Making them creates waste products that are hard to dispose of safely.Scientists have turned to green plants for a better way to convert sunlight to energy.Green plants use chlorophyll to absorb light,which they then turn into food.A new type of solar ce

42、ll uses natural dyes that mimic how chlorophyll works.These new cells may perform just as well as the old cells,without the cost and waste.5A biologist studies a manatee in Florida.What Is Biomimicry?The word biomimicry comes from two words:bio,meaning“life,”and mimic,meaning“to copy.”This new field

43、 of study is also known as biomimetics.Both names mean the same thing:the science of copying life.The idea behind this science is simple.Scientists,researchers,and engineers study how living creatures navigate the challenges of life.These experts then look at human challenges that are similar to see

44、 if people can adopt the same approaches in dealing with their problems.Biomimicry doesnt involve using living things it involves learning from them.And the idea of biomimicry is nothing new.People have been turning to nature to solve problems for hundreds of years.Biomimicry Level Y6Velcro under a

45、microscope(left),a burr(inset),and a boy wearing a Velcro suit hanging from a Velcro wall(right)That Comes from What?VelcroHave you ever gone running through a field and then found burrs stuck to your pants and socks?Thats what happened to Swiss engineer Georges de Mestral and his dog one day in 194

46、1.De Mestral wondered how the burrs managed to stick so well,so he looked at them under a microscope and saw that parts of each burr had little hooks that would catch onto cloth,fur,and hair.After his discovery,de Mestral invented Velcro,a way to temporarily attach two things together using the same

47、 method as burrs.He designed two pieces of fabric,one with hooks and the other with loops.The hooks catch the loops and hold the pieces of fabric together.This system has been used by people at home,at work,and even in space!5A biologist studies a manatee in Florida.What Is Biomimicry?The word biomi

48、micry comes from two words:bio,meaning“life,”and mimic,meaning“to copy.”This new field of study is also known as biomimetics.Both names mean the same thing:the science of copying life.The idea behind this science is simple.Scientists,researchers,and engineers study how living creatures navigate the

49、challenges of life.These experts then look at human challenges that are similar to see if people can adopt the same approaches in dealing with their problems.Biomimicry doesnt involve using living things it involves learning from them.And the idea of biomimicry is nothing new.People have been turnin

50、g to nature to solve problems for hundreds of years.Biomimicry Level Y6Velcro under a microscope(left),a burr(inset),and a boy wearing a Velcro suit hanging from a Velcro wall(right)That Comes from What?VelcroHave you ever gone running through a field and then found burrs stuck to your pants and soc