原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) Ramses II_DS.pdf

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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Ramses IIA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,064WritingResearch one of the monuments or temples commissioned by Ramses II.Write a report about the structure,including its purpose and the meaning behind its design.Social StudiesResea

2、rch the hieroglyphic writing system of ancient Egypt.Create an informational poster describing the language.Include samples of hieroglyphs on your poster.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Cheryl ReifsnyderLEVELED BOOK Z2LEVELED BOOK Z2Ramses IIRamses IIRamses II20Glossarycampaigns(n.)planned series

3、 of actions designed to reach certain goals(p.8)diplomacy(n.)the skill or practice of negotiating between representatives of different countries(p.8)dynasties(n.)series of rulers from the same families in a country(p.4)hieroglyphs(n.)symbols or pictures used as writing,especially in ancient Egypt(p.

4、18)legacy(n.)something handed down from the past to the present(p.18)mortuary(adj.)of or relating to burial(p.12)pharaohs(n.)rulers in ancient Egypt(p.4)propaganda(n.)news,arts,or other media that often use false or exaggerated information to influence people(p.16)pylons(n.)tall towers or other upri

5、ght structures,often used as supports(p.13)successor(n.)a person who follows another in a job or elected position(p.7)truce(n.)an agreement not to fight(p.15)vizier(n.)a high-ranking official in ancient Egypt or in some Muslim countries(p.5)www.readinga-In what ways did Ramses II strengthen ancient

6、Egypt?Focus QuestionWritten by Cheryl ReifsnyderRamses II20191303 bc:Ramses II born1289 bc:Ramses II marries his first two wives1291 bc:Seti I becomes pharaoh1298 bc:Ramses I becomes pharaoh1258 bc:Peace treaty with Hittites1264 bc:Construction of Abu Simbel begins around this time1259 bc:The Ramess

7、eum is completed1274 bc:Battle at Kadesh1252 bc:Nefertari dies1281 bc:Ramses II puts down revolt in Nubia,taking his two oldest sons into battle1244 bc:Isetnofret(second wife)dies;Ramses II marries first Hittite princess;construction at Abu Simbel is completed around this time1213 bc:Ramses II dies

8、at age ninety-one1231 bc:Marries second Hittite princess1300129012801270126012501240123012201310 bc1210 bc1279 bc:Ramses II becomes pharaoh;construction of Ramesseum starts around this timeRamses II Level Z2Ramses IIWorld Leaders Level Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Cheryl ReifsnyderAll right

9、s reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A painting on papyrus shows Ramses II making an offering of flowers to a goddess.Title page:A carving shows Ramses II at the Ramesseum in Luxor,Egypt.Page 3:A colorful image shows Queen Nefertari,Ramses IIs first wife.Photo Credits:Front cover,page 3:Art Directors

10、&TRIP/Alamy Stock Photo;title page:age fotostock/age fotostock/SuperStock;page 4:Danita Delimont/Alamy Stock Photo;page 7(left):Jim Henderson/Alamy Stock Photo;page 7(right):Egyptian Art.Temple of Seti I at Abydos.The pharaoh Ramesses II lassoing a bull with his father Seti I behind him.Relief./Phot

11、o Tarker/Bridgeman Images page 8:Kenneth Garrett/National Geographic Creative;page 9:Peter Horree/Alamy Stock Photo;pages 10(top left),16(left):Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo;page 10(top right):Mike P Shepherd/Alamy Stock Photo;page 10(bottom left):Alain Guilleux/age fotostock/Supe

12、rStock;page 10(bottom right):Dzikowski/akg-images/The Image Works;page 11:Lizzie Shepherd/robertharding/SuperStock;page 12(left):AmandaLewis/iStock/Thinkstock;page 12(right):Wolfgang Kaehler/age fotostock/SuperStock;page 15:World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo;page 16(right):De Agostini Picture L

13、ibrary/REX Shutterstock;page 18:Eduardo Snchez Gatell/Hemera/Thinkstock;page 19(top left,bottom left):De Agostini/S.Vannini/REX Shutterstock;page 19(right):Andrew Michael/Alamy Stock PhotocampaignsdiplomacydynastieshieroglyphslegacymortuarypharaohspropagandapylonssuccessortrucevizierWords to KnowCor

14、relationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA193Ramses II Level Z2Table of ContentsEgypts Famous Pharaoh .4A Royal Surprise .5Growing Up .6The Young Warrior and King .9Battles .13The End of the New Kingdom .17Ramses the Great .18Glossary .2018Ramses the GreatRamses II was so famous in a

15、ncient Egypt that at least nine pharaohs were named after him.Today,he is known as Ramses the Great due partly to his military accomplishments.Under Ramsess leadership,Egypt took back many of the territories lost under previous pharaohs,and the country controlled more territory than ever.Ramses was

16、also responsible for building more monuments and temples than any other pharaohstructures that people still admire and study today.The many statues,elaborate illustrations,and many hieroglyphs that decorate them provide historians with a wealth of information about life in ancient Egypt.From a moder

17、n perspective,these are the true reasons behind Ramses IIs greatness:he left behind a legacy of art,architecture,and historical records that allow us to better understand the people and culture of his time.Giant sculptures of Ramses II are on either side of the entrance to the larger of two sandston

18、e temples at Abu Simbel.4This colossal statue of Ramses II weighs 6.58 mt(7.25 t.).Currently in the British Museum,it was originally found in Ramses IIs temple,the Ramesseum,in Thebes,Egypt.Egypts Famous PharaohPharaoh Ramses II(also written Ramesses II)came to power during Egypts golden age,a perio

19、d of about five hundred years(15501080 bc)known as the New Kingdom.The New Kingdom saw the rise and fall of the Eighteenth,Nineteenth,and Twentieth Egyptian Dynasties.The reign of Ramses II,third king of the Nineteenth Dynasty,was near the middle of this time period and lasted about sixty-six years,

20、from 1279 to 1213 bc an astonishingly lengthy reign during a time when most people died before age forty-five.During these years,Ramses II became one of Egypts most famous pharaohs,earning him the title of Ramses the Great.17In the treaty,Egypt gave up its right to Kadesh and the surrounding land,en

21、ding the war and creating a clear boundary between the two nations.The treaty included clauses used in modern peace treaties,such as a provision for alliance against foreign attacks and the mutual agreement not to attack one anothers territories.A copy of this treaty now hangs on the wall of the Uni

22、ted Nations General Assembly building.Thirteen years later,Ramses married a Hittite princess to seal the agreement.The End of the New KingdomRamses II ruled until 1213 bc,a reign of sixty-six or sixty-seven years,before dying of natural causes at the age of ninety-one.At the end of his life,Ramses s

23、uffered from arthritis,dental issues,and arterial disease,which may have contributed to his death.He outlived his oldest son and original heir,Amen-her-khepeshef,as well as the next eleven sons in line for the throne.His thirteenth son,Merneptah,became pharaoh after Ramses II.He ruled for the next d

24、ecade,but the Nineteenth Dynasty was already beginning its decline.Egypt lost control of Nubia,and many of Ramsess magnificent temples were abandoned to the desert sands.Only 150 years after Ramsess death,the New Kingdom came to an end.Ramses II Level Z25Ramses II Level Z2A Royal SurpriseRamses II w

25、as born around 1303 bc to the military commander Seti I and his wife,Mut-Tuy(MOOT TOO-ee).Ramses may have had an older sister named Tia and a younger sister named Henutmire(he-nuht-MEE-ray).Ramsess parents most likely didnt expect their baby to become pharaoh,since they werent even members of the ro

26、yal family;but the pharaoh at the timeKing Tutankhamundied without an heir.Tutankhamuns vizier,a man named Ay,briefly took over as pharaoh,only to be replaced by Horemheb,Tutankhamuns commander of the army,a few years later.At that time,Ramses IIs grandfather,known as Paramessu,was a general who had

27、 served in the army with Horemheb.When Horemheb became pharaoh,he named Paramessu as his heir,and Paramessu became pharaoh several years later.He changed his name to Ramses and established his family as the new royal linethe Nineteenth Dynasty of Egyptian royalty.Ramsess grandfather became ruler of

28、Egypt probably around Ramses IIs tenth birthday.His father,Seti I,became pharaoh a few years later,which put Ramses in line for the throne.16Two versions of the peace treaty survive,one in Egyptian hieroglyphs (left)and the other in Akkadian(right),the language of the Hittites.Over the following yea

29、r,Ramses commissioned inscriptions about the battleat least seven bulletins and eight poemsall portraying him as a hero.According to some experts,hed begun historys first known propaganda campaign.The Battle of Kadesh did not end hostilities between the two nations,though,and about fifteen years lat

30、er the two nations were again on the verge of war.However,fighting a war so far from Ramsess base was difficult,which made a diplomatic solution more attractive than battle.In the twenty-first year of Ramses IIs reign,Ramses and the Hittite king agreed to a peace treaty.6Growing UpNot much is known

31、of Ramsess early life.What we do know comes from artwork and carvings discovered in structures he later built.Ramses II probably grew up in his familys home in the Nile River delta.There,he would have been educated in reading,writing,history,geography,mathematics,science,and medicine.He would have M

32、EDITERRANEAN SEARED SEANUBIAKadeshPi-RamesseAbu SimbelAbydosRamesseumThebesKarnakNile RiverNile River DeltaOrontes RiverHittite EmpireEgyptian Empire15Detail from artwork taken from accounts of the Battle of Kadesh(Qadesh)shows the Hittites surrounding Ramses.Ramses II Level Z2After Ramses was led t

33、o believe(likely by spies)that the Hittites were many miles away,he soon learned that they were dangerously closeand preparing to attack.Ramses sent word to his other divisions,but the Hittite ambush overran his would-be reinforcements.The Hittites then charged Ramses and his much smaller force.Acco

34、rding to Ramses,he held off the enemy single-handedly while the rest of his army fled;but other records tell us that an elite division of Ramsess army,called the Nearin,arrived just in time to save the pharaoh.The two sides declared a truce after heavy losses on both sides,and Ramses withdrew his fo

35、rces back to Egypt.7Ramses II Level Z2learned from the“Books of Instruction,”texts used to teach Egyptian children principles for living well.When he was older,he may have also attended the Princes School,a school for children of the royal family,nobles,and officials.Ramses was named as Seti Is succ

36、essor and appointed crown prince at an early age,which meant that much of Ramsess education was training obtained by accompanying his father as he performed the work of a pharaoh.As crown prince,Ramses would someday lead Egypts army into battle.He needed to develop physical strength and endurance,so

37、 he most likely began training while still a young child.Physical challenges,such as roping bulls and riding wild horses,were meant to prepare him for fighting.Carved reliefs in the Temple of Seti I in Abydos show the prince making an offering to the god Amun(left)and roping a bull(below).14in ancie

38、nt Egypt.Artwork shows Ramses,larger than all the other figures,soundly defeating the enemy.More than that,Ramsess account of the battle suggests that he faced the enemy all by himself.However,some of the Kadesh battle scenes are unusual because unlike most battle scenes,which tended to show the pha

39、raohs enemies collapsing in fear or death,illustrations of the battle of Kadesh show Ramses surrounded by a powerful Hittite army made up of many soldiers with weapons,horses,and chariots.They show the Hittite army as equal adversaries.Why would Ramses have the battle illustrated in such a different

40、 style?The answer,it turns out,is because it wasnt quite the victory that Ramses wanted people to think it was.In fact,Ramses was nearly killed,and the battle itself was more a draw than a clear Egyptian victory.The true story,pieced together from both the Egyptian and Hittite records of the battle,

41、seems to be more complex than Ramses IIs official version.Scholars believe that Ramsess army separated as they approached the city.Ramses traveled with the front division,the Army of Amun,while one division followed about a days journey behind and another(experts think)circled around to attack the c

42、ity from the other direction.8At an early age,Ramses was named a captain in the army,a position that may have been in name only.By giving young Ramses titles and authority,Seti I helped prepare the nation for Ramsess eventual rule.Later,as a teenager,Ramses was considered an adult in many ways.He ac

43、companied his father on military campaigns to gain experience with diplomacy and war that would prepare him to be pharaoh.He had his own household;he even married,probably when he was only fifteen.His first and favorite wife was named Nefertari.The lavish tomb he built for her is evidence that he ca

44、red for her more than others.An inscription there states that the tomb was“for the Chief Queen Nefertari .for whom the sun shines.”At the time,it was common for rulers to have many wives,and Ramses was no exception.Over the decades of his life,historians think Ramses married eight or more royal wive

45、splus several“minor wives.”Nefertari remained his chief wife until her death.They had at least five children,including Ramsess oldest male child and heir,Amen-her-khepeshef(ah-muhn-hair-KE-pe-shef).Nefertari13Ramses II Level Z2BattlesPrior to the Nineteenth Dynasty,Hittite forces to the east had tak

46、en over some of Egypts territory.Seti I had begun to reestablish Egypts power by planning to retake some of this land,but the Hittites decided to test the mettle of Egypts new king when Ramses took the throne.They attacked and recaptured the city of Kadesh,which was important because of its position

47、 on the regions primary trade route along the Orontes River.At first,Ramses successfully battled the Hittites and reclaimed many small provinces taken by them.Some were areas his father was unsuccessful at reclaiming.Then,in the fifth year of his reign,Ramses led an immense forceabout 20,000 soldier

48、s and 2,000 chariotsto retake Kadesh.The battle of Kadesh has become one of the most famous events from Ramses IIs reign.The attack by the Hittites was the first recorded military ambush.Hittite forces included 2,500 chariots,for a grand total of about 4,500 chariots,which is the worlds record for t

49、he largest chariot battle.Ramses had the story of the battle inscribed on pylons and temple walls all across Egypt and Nubia.As a result,the Egyptian version of this battle is one of the best-documented events 9Egyptian artwork usually shows kings larger than others to make clear who was in charge.R

50、amses II Level Z2The Young Warrior and KingSeti I ruled for thirteen years,probably taking Ramses as his co-ruler during his final years as pharaoh.Co-ruler or not,its clear that Ramses played an important role in Seti Is rule.He was in charge of military campaigns and became known as a courageous w