原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) Ramses II.pdf

《原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) Ramses II.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) Ramses II.pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Ramses IIA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,064WritingResearch one of the monuments or temples commissioned by Ramses II.Write a report about the structure,including its purpose and the meaning behind its design.Social StudiesResea

2、rch the hieroglyphic writing system of ancient Egypt.Create an informational poster describing the language.Include samples of hieroglyphs on your poster.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Cheryl ReifsnyderLEVELED BOOK Z2LEVELED BOOK Z2Ramses IIRamses IIRamses IIwww.readinga-In what ways did Ramses

3、II strengthen ancient Egypt?Focus QuestionWritten by Cheryl ReifsnyderRamses IIRamses IIWorld Leaders Level Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Cheryl ReifsnyderAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A painting on papyrus shows Ramses II making an offering of flowers to a goddess.Title page:

4、A carving shows Ramses II at the Ramesseum in Luxor,Egypt.Page 3:A colorful image shows Queen Nefertari,Ramses IIs first wife.Photo Credits:Front cover,page 3:Art Directors&TRIP/Alamy Stock Photo;title page:age fotostock/age fotostock/SuperStock;page 4:Danita Delimont/Alamy Stock Photo;page 7(left):

5、Jim Henderson/Alamy Stock Photo;page 7(right):Egyptian Art.Temple of Seti I at Abydos.The pharaoh Ramesses II lassoing a bull with his father Seti I behind him.Relief./Photo Tarker/Bridgeman Images page 8:Kenneth Garrett/National Geographic Creative;page 9:Peter Horree/Alamy Stock Photo;pages 10(top

6、 left),16(left):Heritage Image Partnership Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo;page 10(top right):Mike P Shepherd/Alamy Stock Photo;page 10(bottom left):Alain Guilleux/age fotostock/SuperStock;page 10(bottom right):Dzikowski/akg-images/The Image Works;page 11:Lizzie Shepherd/robertharding/SuperStock;page 12(left)

7、:AmandaLewis/iStock/Thinkstock;page 12(right):Wolfgang Kaehler/age fotostock/SuperStock;page 15:World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo;page 16(right):De Agostini Picture Library/REX Shutterstock;page 18:Eduardo Snchez Gatell/Hemera/Thinkstock;page 19(top left,bottom left):De Agostini/S.Vannini/REX

8、Shutterstock;page 19(right):Andrew Michael/Alamy Stock PhotocampaignsdiplomacydynastieshieroglyphslegacymortuarypharaohspropagandapylonssuccessortrucevizierWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Ramses II Level Z2Table of ContentsEgypts Famous Pharaoh .4A Royal Su

9、rprise .5Growing Up .6The Young Warrior and King .9Battles .13The End of the New Kingdom .17Ramses the Great .18Glossary .204This colossal statue of Ramses II weighs 6.58 mt(7.25 t.).Currently in the British Museum,it was originally found in Ramses IIs temple,the Ramesseum,in Thebes,Egypt.Egypts Fam

10、ous PharaohPharaoh Ramses II(also written Ramesses II)came to power during Egypts golden age,a period of about five hundred years(15501080 bc)known as the New Kingdom.The New Kingdom saw the rise and fall of the Eighteenth,Nineteenth,and Twentieth Egyptian Dynasties.The reign of Ramses II,third king

11、 of the Nineteenth Dynasty,was near the middle of this time period and lasted about sixty-six years,from 1279 to 1213 bc an astonishingly lengthy reign during a time when most people died before age forty-five.During these years,Ramses II became one of Egypts most famous pharaohs,earning him the tit

12、le of Ramses the Great.5Ramses II Level Z2A Royal SurpriseRamses II was born around 1303 bc to the military commander Seti I and his wife,Mut-Tuy(MOOT TOO-ee).Ramses may have had an older sister named Tia and a younger sister named Henutmire(he-nuht-MEE-ray).Ramsess parents most likely didnt expect

13、their baby to become pharaoh,since they werent even members of the royal family;but the pharaoh at the timeKing Tutankhamundied without an heir.Tutankhamuns vizier,a man named Ay,briefly took over as pharaoh,only to be replaced by Horemheb,Tutankhamuns commander of the army,a few years later.At that

14、 time,Ramses IIs grandfather,known as Paramessu,was a general who had served in the army with Horemheb.When Horemheb became pharaoh,he named Paramessu as his heir,and Paramessu became pharaoh several years later.He changed his name to Ramses and established his family as the new royal linethe Ninete

15、enth Dynasty of Egyptian royalty.Ramsess grandfather became ruler of Egypt probably around Ramses IIs tenth birthday.His father,Seti I,became pharaoh a few years later,which put Ramses in line for the throne.6Growing UpNot much is known of Ramsess early life.What we do know comes from artwork and ca

16、rvings discovered in structures he later built.Ramses II probably grew up in his familys home in the Nile River delta.There,he would have been educated in reading,writing,history,geography,mathematics,science,and medicine.He would have MEDITERRANEAN SEARED SEANUBIAKadeshPi-RamesseAbu SimbelAbydosRam

17、esseumThebesKarnakNile RiverNile River DeltaOrontes RiverHittite EmpireEgyptian Empire7Ramses II Level Z2learned from the“Books of Instruction,”texts used to teach Egyptian children principles for living well.When he was older,he may have also attended the Princes School,a school for children of the

18、 royal family,nobles,and officials.Ramses was named as Seti Is successor and appointed crown prince at an early age,which meant that much of Ramsess education was training obtained by accompanying his father as he performed the work of a pharaoh.As crown prince,Ramses would someday lead Egypts army

19、into battle.He needed to develop physical strength and endurance,so he most likely began training while still a young child.Physical challenges,such as roping bulls and riding wild horses,were meant to prepare him for fighting.Carved reliefs in the Temple of Seti I in Abydos show the prince making a

20、n offering to the god Amun(left)and roping a bull(below).8At an early age,Ramses was named a captain in the army,a position that may have been in name only.By giving young Ramses titles and authority,Seti I helped prepare the nation for Ramsess eventual rule.Later,as a teenager,Ramses was considered

21、 an adult in many ways.He accompanied his father on military campaigns to gain experience with diplomacy and war that would prepare him to be pharaoh.He had his own household;he even married,probably when he was only fifteen.His first and favorite wife was named Nefertari.The lavish tomb he built fo

22、r her is evidence that he cared for her more than others.An inscription there states that the tomb was“for the Chief Queen Nefertari .for whom the sun shines.”At the time,it was common for rulers to have many wives,and Ramses was no exception.Over the decades of his life,historians think Ramses marr

23、ied eight or more royal wivesplus several“minor wives.”Nefertari remained his chief wife until her death.They had at least five children,including Ramsess oldest male child and heir,Amen-her-khepeshef(ah-muhn-hair-KE-pe-shef).Nefertari9Egyptian artwork usually shows kings larger than others to make

24、clear who was in charge.Ramses II Level Z2The Young Warrior and KingSeti I ruled for thirteen years,probably taking Ramses as his co-ruler during his final years as pharaoh.Co-ruler or not,its clear that Ramses played an important role in Seti Is rule.He was in charge of military campaigns and becam

25、e known as a courageous warrior.Artwork shows one such military campaign at the Beit el-Wali(BAYT EL WAH-lee)temple in southern Egypt(then Nubia).The scene depicts Ramses charging into battle on his chariot with his two oldest sons,Amen-her-khepeshef and Khaemwaset(kahm-WAH-set),following him in sma

26、ller chariots.Historians think the battle took place during a rebellion in Nubia,a country located south of Egypt.Nubia had gold and other riches;Egyptians and Nubians frequently warred for its control.103.Golden Horus name:Userrenput-aanehktuHorus perched on gold indicated eternal life of the king.

27、Horus was the god of kingship.4.Prenomen:Usermaatre-setepenreNebty represented the goddesses of Upper and Lower Egypt.This represented the king ruling Upper and Lower Egypt.1.Horus name:Kanakht Merymaat2.Nebty name:MekkemetwafkhasutRamses was about twenty-five when Seti I died.Ramses became pharaoht

28、he military,religious,and judicial leader of the land.Because the pharaoh served as a religious leader as well as a political leader,Ramses IIs reign began with a yearlong series of religious festivals and coronation ceremonies.He received four new names to add to his birth name.Ramsess four new nam

29、es had religious importance shown with symbols.palaceHorus(falcon)resting above the pharaohs palacevulture(Upper Egypt)cobra(Lower Egypt)grass(Upper Egypt)bee(Lower Egypt)11Immense columns dwarf visitors at the Great Hypostyle Hall of Karnak.The hall covers 5,000 square meters(53,820 sq.ft.).Ramses

30、II Level Z2Egyptians believed new names showed that the pharaoh had the protection of the gods and was himself divine.Early in his reign,Ramses restarted work on several architectural projects his father had commissioned.Seti I had ordered stoneworkers and artisans to build an immense religious hall

31、 at Karnak containing 134 columns,each at least 21 meters(69 ft.)high.Walls were painstakingly decorated with raised relief,also known as bas-reliefa process in which a scenes background is carved away,leaving behind raised images.Soon,Ramses directed his workers to start using a faster technique kn

32、own as sunk relief,carving images directly into the stone rather than removing the background.He doubled the previous rate of temple building and ended up building more temples than any other pharaoh in ancient Egypt.12The Ramesseum(left)was designed to honor Ramses II and keep the memory of him ali

33、ve for eternity.Workers carved into a solid rock mountain to create Nefertaris temple(right).Ramses II ordered important construction during his life.Among the most impressive are his mortuary temple,known as the Ramesseum,in Thebes,and a beautiful temple at Abu Simbel to honor his beloved Nefertari

34、.Ramses II also commissioned a new capital city to take the place of Memphis,which served as capital during the Old Kingdom period 26492150 bc,and Thebes,the capital and religious center of New Kingdom Egypt 15501070 bc.He named the new city Pi-Ramesse,which could be loosely translated as“Ramsesopol

35、is.”Located in the far north of Egypt,it covered 18 square kilometers(7 sq.mi.).The new capital allowed Ramses to keep closer track of Egypts long-standing enemies,the Hittites,who lived east of Egypt in a region that is now Syria.13Ramses II Level Z2BattlesPrior to the Nineteenth Dynasty,Hittite fo

36、rces to the east had taken over some of Egypts territory.Seti I had begun to reestablish Egypts power by planning to retake some of this land,but the Hittites decided to test the mettle of Egypts new king when Ramses took the throne.They attacked and recaptured the city of Kadesh,which was important

37、 because of its position on the regions primary trade route along the Orontes River.At first,Ramses successfully battled the Hittites and reclaimed many small provinces taken by them.Some were areas his father was unsuccessful at reclaiming.Then,in the fifth year of his reign,Ramses led an immense f

38、orceabout 20,000 soldiers and 2,000 chariotsto retake Kadesh.The battle of Kadesh has become one of the most famous events from Ramses IIs reign.The attack by the Hittites was the first recorded military ambush.Hittite forces included 2,500 chariots,for a grand total of about 4,500 chariots,which is

39、 the worlds record for the largest chariot battle.Ramses had the story of the battle inscribed on pylons and temple walls all across Egypt and Nubia.As a result,the Egyptian version of this battle is one of the best-documented events 14in ancient Egypt.Artwork shows Ramses,larger than all the other

40、figures,soundly defeating the enemy.More than that,Ramsess account of the battle suggests that he faced the enemy all by himself.However,some of the Kadesh battle scenes are unusual because unlike most battle scenes,which tended to show the pharaohs enemies collapsing in fear or death,illustrations

41、of the battle of Kadesh show Ramses surrounded by a powerful Hittite army made up of many soldiers with weapons,horses,and chariots.They show the Hittite army as equal adversaries.Why would Ramses have the battle illustrated in such a different style?The answer,it turns out,is because it wasnt quite

42、 the victory that Ramses wanted people to think it was.In fact,Ramses was nearly killed,and the battle itself was more a draw than a clear Egyptian victory.The true story,pieced together from both the Egyptian and Hittite records of the battle,seems to be more complex than Ramses IIs official versio

43、n.Scholars believe that Ramsess army separated as they approached the city.Ramses traveled with the front division,the Army of Amun,while one division followed about a days journey behind and another(experts think)circled around to attack the city from the other direction.15Detail from artwork taken

44、 from accounts of the Battle of Kadesh(Qadesh)shows the Hittites surrounding Ramses.Ramses II Level Z2After Ramses was led to believe(likely by spies)that the Hittites were many miles away,he soon learned that they were dangerously closeand preparing to attack.Ramses sent word to his other divisions

45、,but the Hittite ambush overran his would-be reinforcements.The Hittites then charged Ramses and his much smaller force.According to Ramses,he held off the enemy single-handedly while the rest of his army fled;but other records tell us that an elite division of Ramsess army,called the Nearin,arrived

46、 just in time to save the pharaoh.The two sides declared a truce after heavy losses on both sides,and Ramses withdrew his forces back to Egypt.16Two versions of the peace treaty survive,one in Egyptian hieroglyphs (left)and the other in Akkadian(right),the language of the Hittites.Over the following

47、 year,Ramses commissioned inscriptions about the battleat least seven bulletins and eight poemsall portraying him as a hero.According to some experts,hed begun historys first known propaganda campaign.The Battle of Kadesh did not end hostilities between the two nations,though,and about fifteen years

48、 later the two nations were again on the verge of war.However,fighting a war so far from Ramsess base was difficult,which made a diplomatic solution more attractive than battle.In the twenty-first year of Ramses IIs reign,Ramses and the Hittite king agreed to a peace treaty.17In the treaty,Egypt gav

49、e up its right to Kadesh and the surrounding land,ending the war and creating a clear boundary between the two nations.The treaty included clauses used in modern peace treaties,such as a provision for alliance against foreign attacks and the mutual agreement not to attack one anothers territories.A

50、copy of this treaty now hangs on the wall of the United Nations General Assembly building.Thirteen years later,Ramses married a Hittite princess to seal the agreement.The End of the New KingdomRamses II ruled until 1213 bc,a reign of sixty-six or sixty-seven years,before dying of natural causes at t