原版英语RAZ 教案Pyramids.pdf
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1、PyramidsA Reading AZ Level V Leveled BookWord Count:1,911Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-Written by.Illustrated by.PyramidsLEVELED READER ALEVELED BOOK V Written by Kira FreedPyramidsLevel V Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kira FreedAll rights reserved.www.re
2、adinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,title page,pages 4,5,6,7,8,10,12,17,20,21,22:ArtToday;back cover:Peter Gorman/D;page 15:Bettmann/Corbis;page 16:Zahi Hawas/AP Images;page 18:Rue des Archives/The Granger Collection,New YorkCorrelationLEVEL VR4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAwww.readinga-Pyramids
3、Written by Kira FreedPyramids Level V 34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4Ancient Egypt .5Building a Pyramid.8Preparing the Body.15Famous Egyptian Pyramids .17Pyramids in Other Lands .19Conclusion .22Explore More .23Glossary .24IntroductionThe country of Egypt sits at the northeastern corner of the Afr
4、ican continent.It was once home to the ancient Egyptian civilization.Ancient Egypt was one of the most fascinating cultures ever to exist.Thousands of years ago,the Egyptians studied and practiced agriculture,irrigation,architecture,engineering,and much more.They built great structures,including the
5、 pyramids.Learning about these pyramids can help us learn a great deal about this amazing civilization.A fanciful illustration of ancient Egypt from an old bookPyramids Level V 56Ancient EgyptEgyptians began to settle along the banks of the Nile River about seven thousand years ago.At first they liv
6、ed in villages,but over time the villages formed into larger groups and eventually became tribes.By about 3200 bc,these tribes were united under one king,who was called the pharaoh.The culture of ancient Egypt was dependent on the life-giving Nile River.It provided the Egyptians with fish and birds
7、to eat,as well as water to irrigate their crops.It also served as a waterway for boats,both for travel and to transport goods.The Nile has been a busy waterway for thousands of years.The ancient Egyptians believed in life after death.They believed that their next life would be similar to their prese
8、nt life and that they would need the same kinds of tools and objects in their next life.Therefore,many people were buried with a collection of some of the things they possessed in their current life.Of all the people living in ancient Egypt,no one was given a more lavish burial than a pharaoh.Accord
9、ing to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians,the pharaoh was the son of the Sun god,Re(or Ra).While he was alive on Earth,the pharaoh was known as Horus.After he died,he was united with Re.The new pharaoh,who replaced the dead pharaoh,became the new Horus.Paintings in a tomb show scenes of the next l
10、ife.Pyramids Level V 78Building a PyramidA pharaoh planned the construction of his pyramid long before he was expected to die,since finishing it would take many years.A large pyramid could take as long as twenty years to complete.Building a pyramid required thousands of people.Some were skilled work
11、ers,such as architects who designed the overall structure on orders from the pharaoh.People with special knowledge were also required to properly remove the stone from a quarry and to shape the stone.After a pyramid was built,skilled sculptors and painters decorated it.A scribe recorded all the mate
12、rials needed for building the pyramid using the ancient Egyptian writing system,called hieroglyphics.Hieroglyphics consist of a series of small pictures that represent ideas.Samples of hieroglyphicsThe Egyptians believed that in order for a pharaoh to live forever and continue to bless their lives,h
13、is body had to be preserved so that his spirit would stay alive.They built pyramids to honor pharaohs who had died.Each pyramid held a pharaohs body,as well as riches and treasures meant to accompany him in the next life.The pyramid also protected the pharaohs tomb and its treasures from theft.In ad
14、dition,it served as a monument to the pharaohs greatness.Do You Know?The shape of a pyramid represents the Suns rays shining on the Earth.Ancient Egyptians believed that a pharaoh who died ascended to heaven on the rays of the Sun.Pyramids Level V 910It is believed that farmers also participated in
15、the building of pyramids,especially during the flood season when they could not farm.Farmers depended on floods to deposit fertile soil for crops.Because the pharaoh was believed to be the son of a god,farmers thought he was able to guarantee good floods.They were glad to serve the pharaoh in exchan
16、ge for the fertile soil brought by the floods.Do You Know?Each stone in the Great Pyramid weighed up to two tons.This is as much as a car weighs!In addition to these specialized tasks,other workers were required to move the heavy stones.They moved some stones from the quarry to the building site by
17、boat.Other stones were put on sledges,or large wooden sleds,which were then dragged across the desert sands.Until recently,historians believed that much of this difficult work was forced on laborers who served as slaves.They included prisoners and people who owed money to the pharaoh.But in 1990,a t
18、ourist traveling in Egypt stumbled on the remains of an ancient city where workers who helped build the pyramids of Giza were once believed to have lived.Evidence from the city suggests that the people who built those pyramids were not slaves,but rather skilled craftsmenabout 15,000 of them.Written
19、records suggest that the workers were treated well while they worked on the pyramids.Many men were needed to pull each large stone on a sledge.Pyramids Level V 1112The location of a pyramid had to be determined very carefully.The site needed to be on rocky ground to support the immense weight of the
20、 finished pyramid.It needed to be near the Nile River so that some of the stones could be transported by water from the quarry to the building site.The site had to be located on the west bank of the Nile because the west was where the Sun set each night and where the dead were believed to exist.The
21、exact position of the pyramid also needed to be determined carefully,since the sides had to face exact north,south,east,and west.An astronomer-priest was summoned to observe the stars in order to determine true north.During the actual building of a pyramid,many ceremonies were performed to ensure th
22、e support of the gods in the endeavor.The Egyptians sailed heavy stones down the Nile River.Several kinds of stone were used in the building of a pyramid.The core of the pyramid was made from local limestone.Other limestone of finer quality,brought from far away,was used to make the outer shell of t
23、he pyramid.Granite from even farther away was used for the pharaohs coffin,called a sarcophagus,as well as to decorate the burial chamber.After the location and position of the pyramid were decided on,the surface of the ground was leveled.After leveling the ground,the workers began the actual labor
24、of building the pyramid.The tomb of King Tutankhamun(King Tut)Pyramids Level V 1314The internal structure of a pyramid was designed to outsmart thieves and keep them from the burial chamber and its treasures.If the burial chamber was at or below ground level,it was put in place first,and then the py
25、ramid was built around it in horizontal layers.Ramps were built against the sides of the pyramid,and the huge stones were dragged up the ramps and put in position.A series of passageways and rooms included dead ends and empty chambers to confuse anyone trying to loot the tomb.Enormous slabs of stone
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