原版英语RAZ 教案Battling for Independence.pdf

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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Battling for IndependenceA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,655WritingImagine you are Thomas Jefferson and you have been asked to write the Declaration of Independence.Write a modern-day version and read it to your class.Social Stud

2、iesChoose one major battle of the Revolutionary War.Write a research report summarizing the battle and how a different outcome of the battle could have impacted the war.Connectionswww.readinga-Battling for IndependenceYZ1Z2Part Two of The American RevolutionWritten by Terry Miller ShannonLEVELED BOO

3、K YBattling for Independencewww.readinga-How did the battles of the Revolutionary War lead to the creation of the United States of America?Focus QuestionPart Two of The American Revolution Written by Terry Miller ShannonBattling for IndependenceLevel Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Terry Miller

4、 ShannonAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Division LC-USZCN4-159;title page,pages 4,5,12:Bettmann/Corbis;pages 6,8,22:North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy;page 7:The National Archives/HIP/The Image Works;page 10(top):National Maritime Museum,

5、London/The Image Works;page 10(center):The Board of Trustees of the Armouries/Heritage-Images/The Image Works;page 10(bottom):Brand Z/Alamy;page 13:The Declaration Committee,published by Currier&Ives,New York(colour litho),American School,(19th century)/Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictu

6、res/The Bridgeman Art Library;page 14:Richard Levine/Alamy;page 15:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 17:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Division LC-USZC4-4969;page 18:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Division LC-USZC4-2791;page 20:North Wind Picture Archives/AP Images;page 21(top):SuperStock/Sup

7、erStock;page 21(bottom):Lebrecht Music and Arts Photo Library/AlamyPart Two of The American RevolutionBattling for Independence tells about the major battles of the Revolutionary War.Read Seeds of Revolution to find out what events lead to the war.Then read Building a Nation to find out what happens

8、 after the war is over.CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAallies amends colonies delegates gunpowder independence Loyalists momentum morale Patriots petition rebels representation retaliated self-governingWords to Know3Table of ContentsIntroduction .4The Second Continental Cong

9、ress .5The Patriots Take Ticonderoga .8Bunker Hill(and Breeds Hill).9Declaring Independence .13Battling for Freedom .14Southern Battles .18Major Players in the Revolutionary War .21Glossary .23Index .24French and Indian War Boston MassacreSugar Act passedBoston Tea PartyCoercive(Intolerable)Acts pas

10、sedQuartering Act and Stamp Act passedTownshend Acts passed First Continental Congress meetsApril 19,1775 Revolutionary War starts with“shot heard round the world”at Lexington and Concord1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775Seeds of RevolutionBattling for Independence Level Y4IntroductionAmerica was not alw

11、ays a country.Over 200 years ago,it was a collection of thirteen colonies ruled by Great Britain.Britain began taxing the colonists and enforcing unpopular new laws.The colonists objected,saying they wanted“no taxation without representation”in British Parliament.Over time,the disagreements between

12、the two groups only increased bad feelings and violence.Britains King George III tried to gain control over the colonists,but failed.A series of events led to a confrontation on April 19,1775,between British soldiers and colonists at the towns of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts.Shots were exc

13、hanged on the village green in Lexingtonno one knows which side fired first.That first shot became known as“the shot heard round the world,”signaling the beginning of war between Britain and its thirteen colonies.The Battle of Concord5 The Second Continental CongressOn May 10,1775,the Second Contine

14、ntal Congress met at Independence Hall in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.The delegates unanimously chose George Washington,one of the delegates from Virginia and a former officer in the British army,to command the colonys troops.The Congress voted to call the troops the Continental Army,and declared it w

15、ould be made up of volunteer soldiers from each of the thirteen colonies.Give Me Liberty!When King George refused to repeal the taxes,it became obvious that the colonies would have to fight for their independence.After the First Continental Congress,Patrick Henry returned to Virginia and made a spee

16、ch in which he cried,“Give me liberty or give me death!”During the war,“Liberty or Death!”was a Patriot battle cry.Battling for Independence Level Y6Washingtons job as commander of the Continental Army wasnt going to be easy.Washington had a ragtag group of farmers,carpenters,and blacksmiths with fe

17、w weapons and little or no training.These soldiers would be fighting against powerful Britain,with its well-trained and well-supplied army and navy.He expected to fail,telling Patrick Henry,“From the day I enter upon the command of the American armies,I date my fall,and the ruin of my reputation.”Al

18、though he thought his reputation would be ruined,Washington believed so strongly in the cause of American independence,he took the challenge as its commander and insisted that he not be paid for his services.George Washington accepts the surrender of British troops in Trenton,New Jersey,1776.Thinkin

19、g CriticallyWHAT does a unanimous vote reveal about the delegates perception of George Washington?IN YOUR MIND,how might a unanimous vote benefit the delegates?7Not every colonist wanted to be independent from Britain.So while George Washington headed to Concord and Lexington near Boston to lead his

20、 new troops,the Continental Congress continued to try to make amends with Britains Parliament.The delegates sent a petition to King George III asking him again to grant the colonists rights and to proclaim the colonists as loyal English subjects.King George refused to even read the petition,and decl

21、ared that the colonists“had proceeded to open and avowed rebellion.”The Olive Branch PetitionThe petition that the Second Continental Congress sent to King George III was called the Olive Branch Petition.An olive branch is a symbolic offering of peace.Battling for Independence Level Y8The Patriots T

22、ake TiconderogaOn the same day the Second Continental Congress met,the Colonist soldiers scored a victory over the British at Fort Ticonderoga.A rough,tough farmer named Ethan Allen and his backwoods friends had formed a group called the Green Mountain Boys.The Congress asked the Green Mountain Boys

23、 to capture the British fort on Lake Champlain in New York.Another soldier named Benedict Arnold also was ordered to attack Fort Ticonderoga.Both Arnold and Allen wanted to be the leader of the attack,so they argued all the way to Ticonderoga,but they managed to conquer the fort together on May 10,1

24、775.The victory gave the Patriots a morale boost.It also served as an announcement that war had indeed begun.Colonists were now forced to take sides either as Loyalists,those who wanted to remain part of Britain,or as Patriots,those who wanted independence from Britain.Ethan Allen at Fort Ticonderog

25、a9Bunker Hill(and Breeds Hill)After the Battle of Lexington,in which“the shot heard round the world”started the first battle of the American Revolution,the British soldiers,led by Major John Pitcairn,had retreated to Boston.The colonist soldiers camped outside Boston,gathering forces.Around 16,000 P

26、atriot troops eventually surrounded Boston,cutting off supplies to the British.With Patriot troops surrounding Boston,British General Thomas Gage worried enemy troops might fortify the hills across the Charles River from BostonBunker Hill and Breeds Hill in Charlestown.NORTH AMERICALexingtonConcordB

27、ostonATLANTIC OCEANCharlestownBritish retreatMap areaBritish troops retreated to Charlestown and crossed the river to Boston after their defeat at Lexington and Concord.Battling for Independence Level Y10 On the night of June 16,1775,Patriot soldiers dug trenches into Breeds Hill,working all night.B

28、y morning,soldiers and trenches covered the hill.The British soldiers moved by ship across the Charles River with cannons blasting.The minutemen were at a disadvantage:they werent trained well and were fighting Britains professional soldiers.The Patriots also had very little gunpowder.In order to co

29、nserve their ammunition,Patriot officers told their soldiers to make every shot count by waiting until the British were very close before firing:“Wait until you see the whites of their eyes.”As the British soldiers rushed the hill,the Americans held their fire until the last safe momentthe strategy

30、worked and many British soldiers died.More British troops landed and attacked,with the Americans continuing to wait and then shoot.Finally,after the Americans ran out of gunpowder and had to retreat,the British captured Breeds Hill and Bunker Hill.The type of muskets(rifles)used during the Revolutio

31、nary War.Gunpowder was stored inside a powder horn.11The British won control of the two hills at the cost of many British lives.More than 1,000 British soldiers were wounded or killed,while the Patriots lost 441 men.The Patriots gained a big boost in morale even though they lost a battle because the

32、y could fight and win a war against professional soldiers.Although most of the action was seen on Breeds Hill,the battle has come to be known as“The Battle of Bunker Hill.”Bunker HillMYSTIC RIVERCharlestownBostonBreeds HillCopps HillCHARLES RIVERPosition of British soldiersPosition of Patriot soldie

33、rsBattling for Independence Level Y12General George Washingtons troops held the British captive in Boston for nearly a year.He also sent forces to invade Canada to prevent the British from landing there and sending forces south into New York.The Patriots captured Montreal but failed in their attack

34、on Quebec.During the winter,Patriots used cannons they captured from the British to attack British soldiers in Boston.On March 17,1776,the British soldiers and thousands of colonists loyal to Britain left Boston,leaving Washingtons troops to march triumphantly into the city.Thinking CriticallyHOW wo

35、uld seeing the Patriots using British cannons cause the British troops to react?IN YOUR MIND,how could their reaction have been an advantage or disadvantage for the Patriots?13 Declaring IndependencePatriot Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet,Common Sense,in which he declared independence to be the only c

36、orrect choice for the colonists.His booklet sold 150,000 copies in a few months and swayed many Loyalist colonists to the side of independence.In June 1776,the Continental Congress selected a committee to write a statement about the colonists right to be self-governing.Thomas Jefferson was chosen as

37、 the actual writer.The Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence on July 4,1776.Once passed by each of the thirteen colonies,the Declaration of Independence created the United States of America.“Put your John Hancock right here.”Have you ever heard the above saying?It means,“Plea

38、se sign this.”It dates back to 1776 when John Hancock boldly signed the Declaration of Independence.His large signature encouraged the other 53 signers to sign.If Britain had won,all the signers could have been hanged as traitors.Battling for Independence Level Y14Battling for FreedomThere were dark

39、 days ahead for the Patriots,as they lost battle after battle.A month after the Declaration of Independence was signed,the British,under General William Howe,shipped 30,000 soldiers into New York Harbor.The outnumbered Patriots lost the Battle of Long Island and retreated south across New Jersey to

40、Philadelphia.The British occupied New York City,and won a battle in which Patriots surrendered Fort Washington.A Spys EndNathan Hale,a 21-year-old teacher,volunteered to spy on British troops in New York City.Hale was caught and hanged.His last words were:“I regret that I have but one life to give f

41、or my country.”A statue honors Nathan Hales sacrifice.15In October 1776,Patriot Benedict Arnolds gunboats were defeated at Lake Champlain in Canada.However,the Patriots fought so fiercely that the British were concerned.Conquering the rebels might not be as easy as theyd thought.On December 24,1776,

42、George Washington and his men ferried across the Delaware River to Trenton,New Jersey.The Patriots won a battle there in less than an hour!A few days later,Washington defeated the British at Princeton,New Jersey.These victories rejuvenated the Patriots morale.Benedict Arnolds PlotBenedict Arnold was

43、 a brave general,but he felt Congress and the Continental Army had mistreated him.In 1779,Washington put Arnold in charge of a fort on the lower Hudson River called West Point.Arnold planned to sell the fort to the British.When his plan was revealed,he became a traitor and joined the British army.Ba

44、ttling for Independence Level Y16Britain retaliated in June 1777,by moving a large army led by General John Burgoyne south from Canada.Burgoyne planned to conquer the Hudson River area,cutting off New England and New York from the other colonies.On the way,Burgoyne recaptured Fort Ticonderoga.Howeve

45、r,Patriot soldiers stopped Burgoynes momentum at the Battle of Saratoga in October,with Burgoyne surrendering around 6,000 men.St.ClairRiedeselBurgoynePhillipsFort TiconderogaLake ChamplainLake ChamplainBurgoynes March South from CanadaBritish troopsBritish military leaders17The Battle of Saratoga w

46、as a turning point in the war because it proved to France and other European countries that the Patriots might win the war.France joined the fight against its long-standing enemy Great Britain by sending supplies to the Continental Army.Soon after,Spain would declare war on Britain.Supplies grew sca

47、rcer for the Continental Army.Soldiers often lacked food,clothing,and shelter.The Continental Congress needed allies such as France to help supply the troops.George Washingtons troops suffered through a cold and hungry winter at Valley Forge,Pennsylvania,before supplies reached them.In June 1778,aft

48、er that horrible winter,Washington attacked the British army,now under the command of General Henry Clinton,at the Battle of Monmouth.Neither side won the fight,which was the last major battle in the northern colonies.A depiction of the legend of Molly Pitcher,a woman who took her husbands place aft

49、er he died in battleBattling for Independence Level Y18Southern BattlesBritish forces captured Savannah,Georgia,in December 1778.Then they attacked and captured Charleston,South Carolina,in May 1780.They won yet again at Camden,South Carolina,in August 1780.Many colonists in the southern colonies we

50、re Loyalists.Although Britain was winning the South,the Patriots would not give up.Its a Grand Old FlagCongress decided on a flag for the new republic on June 14,1777.It was to have thirteen stars on a blue field and thirteen red and white stripes.Many people believe Philadelphia seamstress Elizabet