原版英语RAZ 教案(T) A Landforms Adventure.pdf

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1、www.readinga-www.readinga-NQTWritten by Rose BrookerLEVELED BOOK QA Landforms AdventureVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK TA Landforms AdventureA Reading AZ Level T Leveled BookWord Count:1,198www.readinga-A Landforms AdventureLevel T Leveled Book Learning AZWritte

2、n by Rose BrookerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Written by Rose BrookerCorrelationLEVEL TP3838Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover,back cover:courtesy of Kait Thomas/NPS;title page:Bob Gibbons/;page 3(left):Lorraine Swanson/D;page 3(top right):OceanPhoto/FLPA/Minden Pictures

3、;page 3(bottom right):Steffen&Alexandra Sailer/;page 5:iStock/alxpin;page 6:Dorling Kindersley;page 7:Andreus/D;page 8(top):SumikoPhoto/iStock/Thinkstock;page 8(bottom):courtesy of Neal Herbert/NPS;page 9:Della Huff/Alamy;page 10:Joel Zatz/Alamy;pages 11,12(top),13(top),15(top),17(top):iStock/Leontu

4、ra;page 12(bottom):Fred Hirschmann/Science Faction/Corbis;page 13(bottom):145/Jim Bushelle/Ocean/Corbis;page 14(top):Kwiktor/D;page 14(bottom):National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy;page 15(bottom):Vladislav Gajic/D;page 16(main):Brizardh/D;page 16(inset):Layne Kennedy/Corbis;page 17(bottom):Pat

5、ti McConville/Alamy;page 18:Joanne Murray/iStock/Thinkstock;page 19:courtesy of Google Maps/Google EarthFront cover:Hikers rest beneath Skyline Arch in Arches National Park,Utah.Title page:Hikers walk across the Wave,a rolling area of banded sandstone rock in Vermilion Cliffs National Monument,Arizo

6、na.Page 3:(left)A sandstone formation rises above the river in the Wisconsin Dells.(top right)The Chocolate Hills in the Philippines are thousands of hills worn down by erosion.(bottom right)Wind and sand erosion bored a hole in red sandstone rock.A Landforms Adventure34Table of ContentsRoad Trip!.4

7、In Class .5Getting Ready to Leave .9On the Road .10One Landform to Go!.19Glossary .20Road Trip!I live in Boston,and I just found out that Im going on a road trip!My parents and I will spend part of the summer driving on Interstate 90 all the way to Seattle.My mom told me that were going to see some

8、amazing landforms along the waymountains,plains,rivers,lakes,and lots more.My class is learning about our planet and the forces that create different landforms.Itll be so great to see some landforms in real life.One more week of school,and well be off!Major U.S.LandformsKEYCANADAMEXICOROCKY MOUNTAIN

9、SGREAT PLAINSCENTRAL LOWLANDSLake MichiganLake SuperiorMississippi RiverMissouri RiverOhio RiverColorado RiverColumbia RiverRio Grande RiverGULF OF MEXICOATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANLake HuronLake ErieLake OntarioGREAT BASIN DESERTCHIHUAHUAN DESERTCOLORADO PLATEAUBostonSeattleSONORAN DESERTMOJAVE DES

10、ERTCOLUMBIA PLATEAUCASCADE RANGECOAST RANGECENTRAL VALLEYSIERRA NEVADA RANGEOZARK PLATEAULake OkeechobeeGrand CanyonGreat Salt LakeGREAT LAKESEDWARDS PLATEAUBADLANDSMISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTAGULF COASTAL PLAINATLANTIC COASTAL PLAINAPPALACHIAN MOUNTAINSPlainsPlateausHillsMountainsA Landforms Adventure L

11、evel T56In ClassMy teacher,Mr.Lopez,explained that Earth is like a hard-boiled egg.Earths core,like the yolk,is in the middle.The outer core is liquid,and the inner core is solid metal.Both parts are incredibly hot.Earths mantle,which is like the white of the egg,is made up of weak rock.It moves ver

12、y slowly because it is very hotalmost hot enough to melt,but not quite.Earths crust is like the cracked shell of the hard-boiled egg.Thicker parts of the crust are usually huge landmasses called continents.Most of the thinner parts make up the seafloor under oceans and seas.Both parts of the crust c

13、ontain different landforms.Mr.Lopez also explained that Earths surface is always changing.He said that some changes take place so slowly and peacefully that we might not even notice them,while others happen really fast,often with violent force.Both types can change existing landforms and create new

14、ones.mantlecrustliquid outer coresolid inner coreInside EarthThe movement of the many separate pieces of Earths crust is one of the forces that create landforms.The“Puzzle Pieces”of Earths CrustNorth American PlateEurasian PlatePacific PlateAntarctic PlateIndo-Australian PlateAfrican PlateSouth Amer

15、ican PlateIndian PlatePacific PlateA Landforms Adventure Level T78We also learned that Earths crust is made up of huge pieces of rock called tectonic plates.The plates float like rafts on top of the mantle,and when the mantle moves,it carries the plates with it.Two plates can bump up against each ot

16、her,slide past each other,or move away from each other.These different movements are the most important underground forces that create landforms.Sometimes small areas high in the mantle get hot enough to melt and become magma.This melted rock can push up and erupt at the surface as lava.As lava cool

17、s and hardens,it can build up and form a volcano,which is a type of mountain.As tectonic plates and magma change Earth under the ground,other things are happening on the surface.Weathering breaks down rock and shapes it.Erosion carries away the pieces that have broken off,called sediments,and later

18、deposits them.Wind,water,and ice are the main tools of weathering and erosion.Mr.Lopez handed out a list of different landforms.Im going to take the list on my trip and try to see them all!How Coastal Volcanoes Formvolcanoocean plateland plateheat from the ocean plate moving under the land plate cau

19、ses magma to formocean plate moves under land plateheat causes mantle to moveErosion from water and wind carved the Grand Canyon.Weathering formed this rock arch.mantleA Landforms Adventure Level T910Getting Ready to LeaveMr.Lopezs list includes some landforms here in Boston,so I started with those.

20、Mom and I went to Castle Island,which is in Boston Harbor.Its not really an island since its not surrounded by water on all sides.Its connected to the mainland on one side,which makes it a peninsula.But you can see a bunch of islands from there.Boston Harbor is part of Massachusetts Bay,an area of w

21、ater connected to the Atlantic Ocean.Boston is on the east coast of the North American continent,an incredibly huge piece of land.On the RoadBostons terrain is rollinggoing gently up and down.The hills and valleys grow larger as we head west on Interstate 90,and we seem to be climbing higher.Dad say

22、s well soon be in a part of the Appalachian Mountains called the Berkshires.Ive read about the Appalachian Mountains,but as we keep driving,I dont see any tall mountains.Dad explains that because the Appalachian Mountains are very old,erosion has worn them down to big hills.The Berkshires look more

23、like big hills than what I think of as mountains.My mom and I saw these islands in Boston Harbor.RharborR islandRpeninsulaRmountainRplateauR hillA Landforms Adventure Level T1112Across New York State,the land is low and hilly in some places and higher in other places.Dad says the higher places are p

24、art of a huge,high area of land called the Allegheny(al-uh-GAY-nee)Plateau(pla-TOH).The high land built up over time from sediments deposited as a result of erosion.After stopping overnight in Buffalo,New York,we continue west.The land is much lower and flatter as we drive along the south shore of L

25、ake Erie,which is one of the Great Lakes.A glacier carved the basins for the Great Lakes about fourteen thousand years ago.Theyre Earths largest group of freshwater lakes.Mom says well see another one of the Great LakesLake Michiganwhen we get near Chicago.Lake Erie is much too wide to see across to

26、 the other side.Do You Know?The largest plateau in North America is the Colorado Plateau,which is in parts of Colorado,Utah,Arizona,and New Mexico.BostonChicagoBuffaloBuffaloKEYPlainsPlateausHillsMountainsCATSKILLSALLEGHENY PLATEAUADIRONDACK MOUNTAINSMichiganNew YorkPennsylvaniaOhioWisconsinCANADACA

27、NADALake ErieLake MichiganR lakeOhio RiverIndianaIllinoisNew YorkPennsylvaniaA Landforms Adventure Level T1314After driving for a while,we stop to see the Wisconsin Dells.The Dells is a gorgea steep,narrow valleythat was carved by the Wisconsin River.Along its sides are canyons,which are similar to

28、gorges but not as steep or narrow.Now it wont be long until we see the Mississippi River,which is one of the longest rivers in the world.This part of the Mississippi was mainly carved by glaciers.We stay overnight in Chicago and then get back on the road.After entering Wisconsin,we drive past the ca

29、pital city of Madison.Downtown Madison sits on an isthmus (IS-muhs),a narrow strip of land between two bodies of water.I grin and check it off my list.Wisconsin DellsMississippi RiverR riverR gorgeR isthmusLake MendotaLake MononaDowntown MadisonisthmusWisconsins state capitol building is on Madisons

30、 isthmus.WisconsinA Landforms Adventure Level T1516We stop overnight in western Minnesota and drive into South Dakota the next morning.Its pretty flat until we get near Badlands National Park.We hike in the park and see some amazing rock formations.After an overnight stay,we drive through a corner o

31、f Wyoming and pass the Bighorn Mountains on our left.Some of the mountains have snow,but Mom says even bigger mountains are still to come.Badlands National Parks rock formations were created by deposited sediments along with wind and water erosion.The park has many fossils such as this skull(inset)o

32、f a mammal that lived 38 to 16 million years ago.After we cross the Mississippi,were in Minnesota.Soon well officially be in the Great Plains.I learned in school that a plain is a large,flat area without many trees.The Great Plains formed when two tectonic plates smashed into each other and joined t

33、ogether.Some parts of the Great Plains are flat,and others are hillier.The sweeping grasslands of the Great Plains were once home to huge herds of bison and horses.R plainChicagoMadisonWyomingWisconsinMinnesotaMontanaIowaNebraskaNorth DakotaSouth DakotaMissouri RiverMississippi RiverBADLANDS NATL.PA

34、RKBIGHORN MOUNTAINSA Landforms Adventure Level T1718After driving across Montana,Idaho,and Washington,Im excited to see water again.But Im more excited to see Mount Rainier (ray-NEER),a huge volcano.Dad says that Mount Rainier grew so tall because hardened lava and ash piled up in layers over a long

35、 period of time.We drive into Seattle,which is next to Puget Sound,an“arm,”or inlet of the Pacific Ocean.Weve reached the end of Interstate 90,and our search for landforms is nearly over.Mount Rainier is topped with glaciers,large fields of ice and packed snow that remain all year long.R volcanoRgla

36、cierAfter we cross into Montana and pass Billings,Dad says,“Get ready to be impressed!”Not too long after,I let out a whoop as I see a row of high,snowy peaksthe Rocky Mountains.The Rockies are one of the main mountain ranges in the West.They formed when two small tectonic plates beneath the Pacific

37、 Ocean slid under the North American Plate.Snow caps the peaks of a Rocky Mountain range in Montana.Rmountain rangeIdahoOregonWashingtonMontanaWyomingNorth DakotaSouth DakotaMissouri RiverSeattleBillingsMT.RAINIERCANADAColumbia RiverA Landforms Adventure Level T2019One Landform to Go!For our final s

38、top,we travel one hour north to the Skagit(SKA-jit)River delta.This landform was created when sediments built up where the river flows into Skagit Bay.Ive seen some amazing landforms on this trip,and Ive learned so much about how Earths surface changes.I cant wait to tell Mr.Lopez about my summer va

39、cation!Glossarybasins(n.)depressions,or low areas,in Earths surface(p.12)delta(n.)an area of land shaped like a triangle formed by sediment at the mouth of a river(p.19)deposits(v.)sets down an amount of a substance,such as sediment,on a surface or area(p.8)erosion(n.)the natural removal of rock or

40、soil by water,wind,or ice(p.8)gorge(n.)a long,deep valley surrounded by higher land(p.14)interstate(n.)a main highway that runs through two or more states(p.4)isthmus(n.)a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses(p.13)landforms(n.)natural formations on Earths surface,such as valleys,pla

41、teaus,mountains,plains,or hills(p.4)peninsula(n.)a long piece of land almost completely surrounded by water(p.9)plateau(n.)a large raised area of flat land(p.11)tectonic plates the large sheets of rock that make (n.)up Earths crust(p.7)terrain(n.)the natural features of a piece of land;ground(p.10)Skagit RiverSkagit BayOver time,sediments built up and caused the river to split into many smaller branches in the area between the dotted lines.R river deltaA Landforms Adventure Level T