原版英语RAZ 教案(U) How Sound Works_DS.pdf

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1、www.readinga-How Sound Works How Sound WorksA Reading AZ Level U Leveled BookWord Count:1,637Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Penny AtchesonLEVELED BOOK UWritten by Penny AtchesonHow Sound Works How Sound WorksLevel U Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Penny Atches

2、onIllustrated by Craig FrederickAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover,title page,pages 3,4(top left and right,bottom right),5,6,9,11,13,16,17,18,20,22,24:ArtToday;pages 4(bottom left),7,8,12:Craig Frederick/Learning Page,Inc.;page 14:Andrea Danti/123RF;page 15:Royalty

3、-Free/CORBIS;page 21:REUTERS/Yuriko Nakaowww.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA2324Glossarycochlea snail-shaped tube with nerve fibers,which is found in the inner ear(p.14)compressed squeezed together(p.10)decibel a unit that measures the loudness or softness of sound

4、s(p.11)echolocation a method of locating objects using sound waves bounced off objects(p.20)frequency rate of vibration of a sound wave(p.9)hertz unit of measure of sound frequency(p.10)intensity the amount of energy per unit of sound(p.9)onomatopoeia words that imitate sounds and noises,such as his

5、s or beep(p.16)pitch the highness or lowness of a sound(p.9)sonar system that sends high-frequency sound waves through water and registers the vibrations reflected by an object(p.19)sonic boom explosive sound made by aircraft moving faster than the speed of sound(p.9)sound barrier large increase in

6、air resistanceencountered by aircraft flying at the speed of sound(p.9)sound waves the movement of energy through a gas,liquid,or solid(p.6)ultrasound sound with a frequency above what humans can hear(p.20)vibrating moving back and forth quickly(p.5)Indexbrain(s),13-16cochlea,14,15communicate,15,17d

7、ecibel,11,12eardrum,13,14ear(s),8,13-16,20echolocation,20fish,19frequency,9-11,15,19,20hearing aids,15hertz,10,11intensity,9,11liquids,7,8onomatopoeia,16pitch,9-12,16ruler,7solids,7,8sound wave(s),6,10,13,14,19,20,22travel(s),7-9,15ultrasound,20vibrate(-ing)(-ion)(s),5-7,10,13,14,22Explore MoreOn th

8、e Internet,use to find out more about topics presented in this book.Use terms from the text,or try searching for glossary or index words.Some searches to try:sound waves,onomatopoeia,or hearing loss.How Sound Works Level UWritten by Penny AtchesonHow Sound Works How Sound WorksLevel U Leveled Book L

9、earning AZWritten by Penny AtchesonIllustrated by Craig FrederickAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover,title page,pages 3,4(top left and right,bottom right),5,6,9,11,13,16,17,18,20,22,24:ArtToday;pages 4(bottom left),7,8,12:Craig Frederick/Learning Page,Inc.;page 14:A

10、ndrea Danti/123RF;page 15:Royalty-Free/CORBIS;page 21:REUTERS/Yuriko Nakaowww.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA2324Glossarycochlea snail-shaped tube with nerve fibers,which is found in the inner ear(p.14)compressed squeezed together(p.10)decibel a unit that measures

11、the loudness or softness of sounds(p.11)echolocation a method of locating objects using sound waves bounced off objects(p.20)frequency rate of vibration of a sound wave(p.9)hertz unit of measure of sound frequency(p.10)intensity the amount of energy per unit of sound(p.9)onomatopoeia words that imit

12、ate sounds and noises,such as hiss or beep(p.16)pitch the highness or lowness of a sound(p.9)sonar system that sends high-frequency sound waves through water and registers the vibrations reflected by an object(p.19)sonic boom explosive sound made by aircraft moving faster than the speed of sound(p.9

13、)sound barrier large increase in air resistanceencountered by aircraft flying at the speed of sound(p.9)sound waves the movement of energy through a gas,liquid,or solid(p.6)ultrasound sound with a frequency above what humans can hear(p.20)vibrating moving back and forth quickly(p.5)Indexbrain(s),13-

14、16cochlea,14,15communicate,15,17decibel,11,12eardrum,13,14ear(s),8,13-16,20echolocation,20fish,19frequency,9-11,15,19,20hearing aids,15hertz,10,11intensity,9,11liquids,7,8onomatopoeia,16pitch,9-12,16ruler,7solids,7,8sound wave(s),6,10,13,14,19,20,22travel(s),7-9,15ultrasound,20vibrate(-ing)(-ion)(s)

15、,5-7,10,13,14,22Explore MoreOn the Internet,use to find out more about topics presented in this book.Use terms from the text,or try searching for glossary or index words.Some searches to try:sound waves,onomatopoeia,or hearing loss.How Sound Works Level U2122Enjoying SoundMusical instruments have be

16、en created from experiments with different types of sounds.A famous group called Stomp uses garbage cans,brooms,and pipes to make music.Once they even danced on top of an old school bus as part of a concert.Sounds can make people feel strong emotions.Even a kitten purring or a mother humming to her

17、baby can create feelings of calm and love.People can describe their experiences based on sounds.If someone talks about the ocean,you can almost hear the water crashing on the beach.Or you might hear sea gulls squawking or squeals of delight from other beach-goers.ConclusionThe world is filled with s

18、ound energy caused by objects vibrating all around us.Many kinds of sound waves moving through the air cause sounds that may be loud or soft,high or low,pleasant or annoying.Pay close attention and discover new sounds that can provide information about the world around you.Sound helps to explain thi

19、ngs,gives details about settings and objects,and creates emotions and feelings.Think about all the ways sound enters your life.The group Stomp uses brooms to make music.How Sound Works Level U34Table of ContentsListening for Sound .4Where Do Sounds Come From?.5A Closer Look at Sound .9Hearing Sound.

20、13How to Describe Sound .16How Is Sound Used?.17Enjoying Sound.21Conclusion .22Glossary .23Explore More .24Index .24Listening for SoundChoose a spot and close your eyes.Listen carefully to what you hear.If you are in a classroom,you might hear voices,lights humming,or even pages turning.If you are o

21、utside,you might hear traffic noises or animal sounds,such as dogs barking or birds chirping.If youre in your living room,you might hear other sounds.How Sound Works Level U34Table of ContentsListening for Sound .4Where Do Sounds Come From?.5A Closer Look at Sound .9Hearing Sound.13How to Describe S

22、ound .16How Is Sound Used?.17Enjoying Sound.21Conclusion .22Glossary .23Explore More .24Index .24Listening for SoundChoose a spot and close your eyes.Listen carefully to what you hear.If you are in a classroom,you might hear voices,lights humming,or even pages turning.If you are outside,you might he

23、ar traffic noises or animal sounds,such as dogs barking or birds chirping.If youre in your living room,you might hear other sounds.How Sound Works Level U2122Enjoying SoundMusical instruments have been created from experiments with different types of sounds.A famous group called Stomp uses garbage c

24、ans,brooms,and pipes to make music.Once they even danced on top of an old school bus as part of a concert.Sounds can make people feel strong emotions.Even a kitten purring or a mother humming to her baby can create feelings of calm and love.People can describe their experiences based on sounds.If so

25、meone talks about the ocean,you can almost hear the water crashing on the beach.Or you might hear sea gulls squawking or squeals of delight from other beach-goers.ConclusionThe world is filled with sound energy caused by objects vibrating all around us.Many kinds of sound waves moving through the ai

26、r cause sounds that may be loud or soft,high or low,pleasant or annoying.Pay close attention and discover new sounds that can provide information about the world around you.Sound helps to explain things,gives details about settings and objects,and creates emotions and feelings.Think about all the wa

27、ys sound enters your life.The group Stomp uses brooms to make music.How Sound Works Level U19201 The bat sends out a constant stream of beeping noises.2 The sound wavesspread out ahead of the flying bat.3 Sound waves strikeobjects,such asflying insects.4 Sound waves bounceoff the insects and echo ba

28、ck to the bat.5 The bat picks up the reflected sound with its super-sensitive ears.6 Nerves carry a signal from the bats ears to its brain.The brain interprets the size,distance,speed,and direction of the insect.Zapits dinnertime.In modern times,humans have found new ways to use sound.People use sou

29、nd waves to search for schools of fish in deep ocean waters.Sonar uses waves that are sent out and return with a different frequency when they bounce off objects.Using this sounding technique,fishers can tell when fish are under their boats.Many animals have built-in sounding systems to help them na

30、vigate and find food.Bats use a technique called echolocation.They send out sound waves that are reflected back by insects,trees,or other objects.When the waves bounce off objects and come back to the bats,the waves are a different frequency.This technique allows bats to find food at night when they

31、 hunt.Dolphins also use sonar to help them find their way around the ocean.How EcholocationWorksWhen hit by sound waves,objects reflect different frequencies.Waves bounce back from the school of fish.Sound waves are sent out by the ship.Waves bounce back from the ocean floor.Sound waves also are use

32、d to take pictures inside a human body.Using ultrasound,doctors can see a baby inside its mothers body before it is born.As with sonar,sound waves reflect off the baby and return at a different frequency.How Sound Works Level U56Where Do Sounds Come From?Ponder thisif a tree falls in the forest and

33、no one is around to hear it fall,does it still make a sound?The scientific answer is yes.Sound is a form of energy caused by something vibrating.Vibration occurs when an object moves quickly back and forth.The greater the vibration,the more sound energy is created.When the tree falls,it moves the su

34、rrounding air and makes it vibrate.Sound moves outward in all directions from the falling tree.A crashing sound would be heard if someone were around to hear it.Sound moves away from the tree in waves.Sound waves move through air,water,andsolids.That means when an object vibrates,it causes vibration

35、s in the matter that surrounds it.When the tree falls,it sends out sound waves in all directions through the air and through the ground on which it falls.Bees wings provide another example of how sound moves.The wings make the air around them vibrate,which causes a buzzing sound.The sound waves crea

36、ted by the bees wings move away from the bee in all directions.No matter where you stand in relationship to the bee,you can hear the buzzing sound.A tree falling in the forest creates sound waves.Beating wings create the buzzing sound that bees make.How Sound Works Level U56Where Do Sounds Come From

37、?Ponder thisif a tree falls in the forest and no one is around to hear it fall,does it still make a sound?The scientific answer is yes.Sound is a form of energy caused by something vibrating.Vibration occurs when an object moves quickly back and forth.The greater the vibration,the more sound energy

38、is created.When the tree falls,it moves the surrounding air and makes it vibrate.Sound moves outward in all directions from the falling tree.A crashing sound would be heard if someone were around to hear it.Sound moves away from the tree in waves.Sound waves move through air,water,andsolids.That mea

39、ns when an object vibrates,it causes vibrations in the matter that surrounds it.When the tree falls,it sends out sound waves in all directions through the air and through the ground on which it falls.Bees wings provide another example of how sound moves.The wings make the air around them vibrate,whi

40、ch causes a buzzing sound.The sound waves created by the bees wings move away from the bee in all directions.No matter where you stand in relationship to the bee,you can hear the buzzing sound.A tree falling in the forest creates sound waves.Beating wings create the buzzing sound that bees make.How

41、Sound Works Level U19201 The bat sends out a constant stream of beeping noises.2 The sound wavesspread out ahead of the flying bat.3 Sound waves strikeobjects,such asflying insects.4 Sound waves bounceoff the insects and echo back to the bat.5 The bat picks up the reflected sound with its super-sens

42、itive ears.6 Nerves carry a signal from the bats ears to its brain.The brain interprets the size,distance,speed,and direction of the insect.Zapits dinnertime.In modern times,humans have found new ways to use sound.People use sound waves to search for schools of fish in deep ocean waters.Sonar uses w

43、aves that are sent out and return with a different frequency when they bounce off objects.Using this sounding technique,fishers can tell when fish are under their boats.Many animals have built-in sounding systems to help them navigate and find food.Bats use a technique called echolocation.They send

44、out sound waves that are reflected back by insects,trees,or other objects.When the waves bounce off objects and come back to the bats,the waves are a different frequency.This technique allows bats to find food at night when they hunt.Dolphins also use sonar to help them find their way around the oce

45、an.How EcholocationWorksWhen hit by sound waves,objects reflect different frequencies.Waves bounce back from the school of fish.Sound waves are sent out by the ship.Waves bounce back from the ocean floor.Sound waves also are used to take pictures inside a human body.Using ultrasound,doctors can see

46、a baby inside its mothers body before it is born.As with sonar,sound waves reflect off the baby and return at a different frequency.How Sound Works Level U1718How Is Sound Used?People and other animals have always used sound.People communicate by talking and listening.Laughter is a sound people make

47、 when they are happy.The sound of someone crying usually means they are sad or hurt.Other animals also communicate with sounds.Animals make noises that can say,“Danger is near”or“Id like to get to know you.”Different sounds mean different things.For example,a loud bang might mean“WATCH OUT!”to both

48、people and other animals.Wolves howl to communicate with other members of their packs.Waterfalls often can be heard long before they are seen.Sounds also can give immediate information about the environment.A low rustling in the bushes,for example,tells that something is moving around in there.A whi

49、stling in the trees might mean it is getting windy.Dripping or trickling noises indicate that water is nearby.A foghorn signals a ship that a dangerous object might be in its path.How Sound Works Level U78Sound travels differently through different types of matter.The distance between particles in m

50、atter is what causes the difference.In gases,such as air,the particles are farther apart than they are in liquid.In liquids,such as water,the particles are farther apart than they are in solids.Particles that are closer together transfer sound energy more easily to one another.Sound transfers quickl