原版英语RAZ 教案Alexander the Great.pdf

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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Alexander the GreatA Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,415WritingPretend you are a Macedonian at the time Alexander the Great ruled.Write a journal entry about a day in your life.Research and include details about common jobs,religio

2、us practices,customs,or other parts of daily life.Social StudiesResearch to learn more about Darius III,king of Persia.Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast Alexander the Great and Darius III.ConnectionsAlexander the GreatAlexander the Greatwww.readinga-Written by Ellen WilliamsLEVELED BOOK XLE

3、VELED BOOK XAlexander the Greatwww.readinga-How did Alexander the Great become a powerful leader?Focus QuestionWritten by Ellen WilliamsAlexander the GreatWorld Leaders Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Ellen WilliamsAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A tile mosaic shows Alexander

4、 the Great at the Battle of Issus.Title page:A Greek sculpture shows Alexander at the Battle of Issus.Page 3:Artwork shows Alexander and his army in India.Photo Credits:Front cover,page 14:age fotostock/Alamy Stock Photo;title page,page 15(bottom right):Alexander the Great at the Battle of Issus,Gre

5、ek/Museo Archeologico Nazionale,Taranto,Puglia,Italy/Mondadori Electa/Bridgeman Images;page 3:Pantheon/Pantheon/SuperStock;page 5(top):BeBa/Iberfoto/The Image Works;page 5(bottom):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX Shutterstock;pages 6,15(center left):The Taming of Bucephalus,McCon

6、nell,James Edwin/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;page 7:PanosKarapanagiotis/iStock/Thinkstock;pages 10,13,15(bottom left):akg-images/Peter Connolly/The Image Works;page 12:2317900 Ontario Ltd.Spirer/123RF;page 15(top left):Rare Ancient Greek Coin,Gold Stater,Macedonia,Alexander th

7、e Great 336 BC/Hoberman/UIG/Bridgeman Images;page 15(top right):Granger,NYCassassincavalrycity-statesdestinedethicsexecutedinheritedpersuasionphilosopherralliedrebelsubmissionWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Alexander the Great Level XTable of ContentsA Prince I

8、s Born in Macedonia .4A Leader in Training .5Becoming King .8The Journey Begins .10Conquering Asia .12The Legacy of Alexander .14Glossary .164Alexanders Empire at Its Peak,323 bcAlexanders Empire at Its Peak,323 bcBLACK SEAMEDITERRANEAN SEAEuphrates RiverHydaspes RiverARABIAN SEACASPIAN SEAPERSIAIND

9、IAASIA MINORMACEDONIAEGYPTRED SEAPERSIAN GULFNile RiverAlexandriaTaxilaBabylonAlexanders empireExploration routeA Prince Is Born in MacedoniaMore than 2,300 years ago,a prince was born in the Greek state of Macedonia.The prince grew up to be a powerful king.As the greatest leader the world had ever

10、known at that time in history,Alexander the Great conquered nations and kingdoms in lands near and far from Greece.Alexander the Great was well educated and had developed a thirst for knowledge.Aside from wanting to grow his empire and gain power,some historians think that curiosity may have played

11、a part in Alexanders drive to go farther than any Macedonian had gone before.His kingdom would include parts of Europe,Africa,and Asia.5Alexanders father,Philip II,became king of Macedonia in 359 bc.Olympias,Philips wife,doted on her son Alexander,telling him he would one day be king.Alexander the G

12、reat Level XA Leader in TrainingAlexanders story begins with his father,King Philip II.The title of king is usually handed down from father to son.Philip took the throne from his young nephew to become king of Macedonia.With a strong will and the support of a strong army,Philip ensured that Macedoni

13、a and the surrounding Greek states were under his control.Alexanders mother,Olympias,was fiercely determined that her son would be king one day and that her position would be secured.6Alexanders greatness was in large part due to having inherited drive for power from both of his parents.He was also

14、smart as a young boy.When he was twelve years old,his father refused to buy a beautiful but nervous horse.Alexander noticed that the horse was frightened by its own shadow.He calmed it down by turning its head away from the shadow.Alexander was able to control the horse and ride it easily.The horse,

15、Bucephalus(byoo-SEF-uh-luhs),was important to Alexander for the rest of his life.Bucephalus was Alexanders horse for eighteen years.7Alexander the Great Level XWhen Alexander was growing up,his father was often away,so Philip hired tutors and teachers to prepare his son to be king.Young noblemen of

16、Greece learned to ride horses and hunt as well as to fight with swords,javelins,and bows.Alexander and his boyhood friends would need to be well prepared for the fierce battles they were destined to fight.As Alexander grew older,he passed the Macedonian tests of manhood by killing a wild boar and ki

17、lling a man in combat.As part of his education and training,Alexander studied with a philosopher named Aristotle.Respected for his knowledge,Aristotle helped Alexander understand and value culture and art.In addition to teaching him science,philosophy,history,politics,and ethics,Aristotle inspired A

18、lexanders love of reading and of learning itself.A statue of Aristotle is on display at his birthplace in Stagira,Greece.8Becoming KingPersia was the main empire of Asia and was an enemy of Greece.Years before,Persia destroyed Greek cities in Asia Minor and took control of the area.Philip wanted to

19、regain control and conquer Asia.He would need to fight the Persians.Alexander was still young when he began taking on leadership duties.At sixteen,he stopped a small revolution while Philip was away.While still in his teens,Alexander commanded troops in some of his fathers battles.Alexander was rais

20、ed to be king,but when Philip married another woman,it was no longer certain Alexander would be.His mother was not a pure Macedonian.If Philip had a baby with his new wifea MacedonianAlexander would not be the chosen heir.In fact,the new queen had a daughter in 336 bc.The baby,however,never became a

21、 threat to Alexander becoming king.A man killed Philip soon after the baby was born.Guards chased Philips assassin,who was killed.The baby was too young to rule,and Alexander became king.Alexander immediately rallied his fathers army.Like his father,he wanted to conquer Asia,but he needed more than

22、just a strong armyhe also needed the peoples support.Most Greek city-states 9Macedonia and the City-StatesMacedonia and the City-StatesBLACK SEAMEDITERRANEAN SEAAEGEAN SEAMACEDONIAASIA MINOR(PERSIAN EMPIRE)PellaDelphiThebesAthensCorinthThere were several Greek city-states,each with its own capital.T

23、his map shows some of the most powerful capitals.The areas surrounding the capitals formed the states.Alexander the Great Level Xsupported Macedonia,but some had not approved of Philip.Now that his son was in charge,they were wary of him,too.If they fought back,they could keep Alexander from ruling

24、Greece and conquering Persia.Alexander managed to gain the support of the many Greek states through persuasion,often accompanied by force.Some of the Greek states and territories around Macedonia still opposed Alexander and wanted to rebel,but his army crushed them.He made an example of the rebels b

25、y killing them and selling others into slavery.This extreme punishment guaranteed submission of all the Greek city-states.A year after becoming king,Alexander was ready to expand Macedonian control beyond Greece.10The Mighty PhalanxThe Mighty PhalanxThousands of Alexanders soldiers fought in tight g

26、roups in the phalanx formation.Each phalanx had about sixteen rows of men.Soldiers carried spears that were often 6 meters(20 ft.)long.The Journey BeginsAlexander strengthened his troops with equipment,including body armor,shields,helmets,daggers,and enormous spears.He increased the number of cavalr

27、y and sent foot soldiers in a strong formation called a phalanx that would follow the cavalry and crush any enemy soldiers left standing.Alexander was a strong leader,able to share his vision and rally his troops.He led by example,always going into battle in front of his men and standing by them whe

28、n things got rough.He had good instincts that allowed him to know how,when,and where to attack.Alexander left for Asia Minor(now Turkey)in the spring of 334 bc.When he arrived,he boldly threw his spear into the ground,claiming the land for himself.11Alexander the Great Level XSoon after,Alexander ha

29、d his first battle with the Persian army at the Granicus River.The Persian king,Darius III,was not there to lead.Both armies were well trained with foot soldiers and cavalry,but the Persians were less prepared.During the bloody hour-long battle,Alexander narrowly escaped death.Alexanders army moved

30、on along the Aegean Sea,taking back Greek city-states and fighting those who resisted.In 333 bc,in the Battle of Issus,Alexander again met a larger Persian army,this time with Darius.The Persians still lost the hard-fought battle.Darius escaped.Frustrated that he hadnt captured Darius,Alexander head

31、ed south to conquer the Persian fleet by capturing cities along the Mediterranean Sea,in what is today Syria and Lebanon.Some cities surrendered,but in 332 bc the city of Tyre resisted for seven months before it was defeated.With Tyre captured,Alexander continued along the Mediterranean coast and ar

32、rived in Egypt later in 332 bc.The Persian ruler there stepped down.Alexander had respect for Egyptian religion and appointed Egyptian governors.Egypt welcomed him.After starting plans for the city of Alexandria,Alexander moved east toward other sections of the Persian Empire in Asia.12Conquering As

33、ia Alexander traveled east of Asia Minor(Iraq today)in 331 bc and met Darius in the Battle of Gaugamela.Darius had rebuilt his larger army,but Alexanders army overpowered them.Darius fled in defeat,along with much of his army.Alexander moved farther into the Persian Empire,conquering cities,explorin

34、g Persian ways,and trying to capture Darius.Before he could reach him,Darius was killed in 330 bc by a man who was later executed.Alexander was now considered king of Persia.Far from his home in Macedonia,Alexander started transforming his lifestyle to include Persian customs.He married two local pr

35、incesses and began to expect Macedonians to honor him with low bows,as Persians did.Many Macedonians did not like Alexanders new behavior.Alexander was kind to his soldiers as long as they followed him.Those who rebelled were sometimes executed.13This painting depicts the Battle of the Hydaspes.Alex

36、ander was in new territory in many of his travels.His military expertise is evident in his ability to make quick decisions in battles.Alexander the Great Level XHis army was exhausted,but Alexander managed to convince them to move farther east to what he knew as India(Pakistan and Afghanistan today)

37、.In 326 bc,Alexander fought Porus,a leader who resisted him.Alexander met Poruss troops at the Hydaspes(hy-DAS-peez)River.Soldiers of this area used elephants in battle.Poruss elephants,having done some damage to the Greeks,eventually panicked due to the intensity of the fight and retreated.Porus su

38、rrendered to Alexander.It was Alexanders last big battle.There was great unrest among his soldiers.Unable to convince them to go any farther,he agreed to turn back.He made it to Babylon,where he came down with a fever in the spring of 323 bc.He died there in June of that year.14Many people believe A

39、lexander the Great was one of the strongest leaders the world has ever known.The Legacy of AlexanderAlexander was undoubtedly a powerful man and an exceptional leader.His empire included parts of Europe,Asia,and Africa.By todays thinking,Alexander was brutal.The number of people killed under his rul

40、e was close to 750,000.However,Alexanders conquests were not just about controlling people and land.He explored the history and customs of all the places he traveled.Alexander became a model for generations of leaders who followed.He opened doors of knowledge about the places he traveled and learned

41、 about new religions and governments.He also opened the eyes of the people he met to Greek ways and created a world that was more open to trading new materials and new ideas.15327 bc:Continues to conquer central Asia;pushes into India336 bc:Philip is killed;Alexander becomes king of Macedonia331 bc:

42、Defeats Darius and the Persians in the Battle of Gaugamela343 bc:Aristotle becomes Alexanders teacher333 bc:Defeats the Persians led by Darius at the Battle of Issus323 bc:Dies in Babylon356 bc:Born in Macedonia340 bc:Stops a revolt on Macedonias eastern border334 bc:Advances into Persia,wins the Ba

43、ttle of Granicus332 bc:Captures Tyre and then invades Egypt,where he is welcomed330 bc:Darius is killed326 bc:Defeats Porus in the Battle of Hydaspes344 bc:Bucephalus becomes Alexanders horseAlexander Conquers the WorldAlexander Conquers the World360 bc355350345340335330325320 bcAlexander the Great

44、Level X16Glossaryassassin(n.)someone who carries out a plan to kill an important person by surprise attack(p.8)cavalry(n.)a group of soldiers who fight while mounted on horses;a troop of soldiers who fight in armored vehicles(p.10)city-states(n.)cities or urban areas that act as independent countrie

45、s(p.8)destined(adj.)decided,planned,or assigned ahead of time;certain to happen(p.7)ethics(n.)moral principles that guide a persons behavior(p.7)executed(v.)killed,especially as punishment for committing a crime(p.12)inherited(v.)received genetic traits or characteristics from parents or other ances

46、tors(p.6)persuasion(n.)the act of convincing another to believe or do something(p.9)philosopher(n.)a person who seeks knowledge and truth about life;someone who studies philosophy(p.7)rallied(v.)brought or gathered together for a purpose(p.8)rebel(v.)to oppose actively an established government or authority(p.9)submission(n.)the act or state of giving in to anothers authority or power(p.9)