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1、www.readinga-Marco Polo and the Silk RoadMarco Polo and the Silk RoadA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:2,061Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by David L.DreierLEVELED BOOK YWritten by David L.DreierMarco Polo and the Silk RoadMarco Polo and the Silk RoadLevel

2、 Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by David L.DreierAll rights reserved.www.readinga-www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Silvio Fiore/SuperStock;back cover,title page,pages 3,6,11,17,22:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 5:iS Wynn;page 7:Burstein Collection/CORBIS;page 8(top):The Gallery Collection/C

3、orbis;page 8(bottom):Ancient Art&Architecture Collection Ltd/Alamy;page 12:Interfoto/Alamy;pages 14,24:Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd/Alamy;page 15(top):Bettmann/CORBIS;page 15(bottom):Seattle Art Museum/CORBIS;page 15(left inset):Niels Poulsen mus/Alamy;page 15(right):Asian Art&Archaeology,Inc.

4、/CORBIS;page 19:Heritage Images/Corbis;page 21:World History Archive/Alamy CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRACover:Engraving of Marco PoloBack cover:Ships dock in Venice,Italy.Title page:This portrait of Marco Polo is based on a mosaic created in the 1860s,more than 500 years

5、after Marcos death.Table of Contents:The“Meaning of Spring”ceremony2324Glossaryancient from a very long time ago(p.6)astonished very surprised(p.17)authority having the power to make laws and give orders(p.16)caravans processions of vehicles or animals traveling on land(p.6)conquests acts of invadin

6、g and ruling other lands(p.7)dynasty a group of relatives that rule for many years(p.7)empire a nation that rules conquered lands(p.8)famous well known(p.20)foreigners visitors from a foreign land (p.16)journeys long trips(p.5)memoir a retelling of ones experiences(p.20)merchants people who trade or

7、 sell goods(p.10)mysterious odd and difficult to understand(p.4)steppe a wide area of dry land that lacks trees(p.7)IndexChina(Cathay),Beijing,14 Yangzhou,16Christianity,11Dynasty,Han,7 Yuan,8Europe,46,17,19,20Gobi Desert,14Gregory X,11,12Hormuz,12Iran(Persia),12,18,22Italy,Genoa,4,19 Venice,4,1012,

8、18,19Khan,Genghis,8 Kublai,8,10,11,1416,18Mongols,7,8,16Polo,Marco,4,5,1022 Maffeo,1018 Nicolo,1018Romans,6Rustichello,4,20Silk Road,58Timujin,8Marco Polo and the Silk Road Level YWritten by David L.DreierMarco Polo and the Silk RoadMarco Polo and the Silk RoadLevel Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten

9、 by David L.DreierAll rights reserved.www.readinga-www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Silvio Fiore/SuperStock;back cover,title page,pages 3,6,11,17,22:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 5:iS Wynn;page 7:Burstein Collection/CORBIS;page 8(top):The Gallery Collection/Corbis;page 8(bottom):Ancient Art&A

10、rchitecture Collection Ltd/Alamy;page 12:Interfoto/Alamy;pages 14,24:Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd/Alamy;page 15(top):Bettmann/CORBIS;page 15(bottom):Seattle Art Museum/CORBIS;page 15(left inset):Niels Poulsen mus/Alamy;page 15(right):Asian Art&Archaeology,Inc./CORBIS;page 19:Heritage Images/Co

11、rbis;page 21:World History Archive/Alamy CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRACover:Engraving of Marco PoloBack cover:Ships dock in Venice,Italy.Title page:This portrait of Marco Polo is based on a mosaic created in the 1860s,more than 500 years after Marcos death.Table of Conten

12、ts:The“Meaning of Spring”ceremony2324Glossaryancient from a very long time ago(p.6)astonished very surprised(p.17)authority having the power to make laws and give orders(p.16)caravans processions of vehicles or animals traveling on land(p.6)conquests acts of invading and ruling other lands(p.7)dynas

13、ty a group of relatives that rule for many years(p.7)empire a nation that rules conquered lands(p.8)famous well known(p.20)foreigners visitors from a foreign land (p.16)journeys long trips(p.5)memoir a retelling of ones experiences(p.20)merchants people who trade or sell goods(p.10)mysterious odd an

14、d difficult to understand(p.4)steppe a wide area of dry land that lacks trees(p.7)IndexChina(Cathay),Beijing,14 Yangzhou,16Christianity,11Dynasty,Han,7 Yuan,8Europe,46,17,19,20Gobi Desert,14Gregory X,11,12Hormuz,12Iran(Persia),12,18,22Italy,Genoa,4,19 Venice,4,1012,18,19Khan,Genghis,8 Kublai,8,10,11

15、,1416,18Mongols,7,8,16Polo,Marco,4,5,1022 Maffeo,1018 Nicolo,1018Romans,6Rustichello,4,20Silk Road,58Timujin,8Marco Polo and the Silk Road Level Y2122Even today,there are doubters.Although most historians think that Marco Polos book is a true account of his travels,others disagree.They say he probab

16、ly went no farther than Persia.There,he could have learned about the wonders of China from Persias Mongol rulers.Why do some people still think that Marco Polo lied?It is because he made no mention in his book of some obvious things,such as tea drinking,Chinese writing,and the Great Wall of China.Th

17、e doubters also point out that Chinese records from the 1200s contain no mention of the Polos.Marco Polo always swore that he was telling the truth.When he was on his deathbed in 1324,the 70-year-old Marco was visited by a priest.The priest urged him to save his soul by admitting that his book was a

18、ll lies.But Marco refused,saying,“I have not told half of what I saw.”The Great Wall of ChinaThis is a miniature painting from one of the many versions of Marco Polos book about the wonders he saw in China.The scene shows Marco Polo trading with Kublai Khan.Marco Polo and the Silk Road Level Y34Tabl

19、e of ContentsA Tale Told in Prison.4Mysterious Cathay and the Silk Road .5The Mongols Conquer China .7Marco Polo and His Family.10The Long Trek to China .12Marco Polos Experiences in China .16The Return Voyage .18War and Captivity.19A Million Stories or a Million Lies?.20Glossary .23Index .24A Tale

20、Told in PrisonIn the year 1298,a man named Marco Polo sat in a prison cell in Genoa,Italy.He thought about the remarkable life he had led.During his youth,Marco had traveled from his native Italy to distant lands.For more than 20 years,he had experienced many great adventures.But after his return,he

21、 was a hostage in a war between two Italian citiesGenoa,and his home city,Venice(VEN-is).A fellow prisoner,a writer named Rustichello(rus-ti-KAY-loh),formed a friendship with Marco.“Ive heard that you have been to Cathay and have seen many amazing things,”he said.Cathay(ka-THAY)was what people in It

22、aly and other parts of Europe called China.China was a mysterious land most people knew very little about.“Yes,”said Marco,“I have been to Cathay.Would you like to hear about it?”Rustichello nodded.“I would indeed.”Marco then sat back and started to tell Rustichello about his fantastic journey.For m

23、onths,he told one story after another while the writer took pen in hand to write down every word.“This will make a wonderful book,”he said.Marco Polo and the Silk Road Level Y34Table of ContentsA Tale Told in Prison.4Mysterious Cathay and the Silk Road .5The Mongols Conquer China .7Marco Polo and Hi

24、s Family.10The Long Trek to China .12Marco Polos Experiences in China .16The Return Voyage .18War and Captivity.19A Million Stories or a Million Lies?.20Glossary .23Index .24A Tale Told in PrisonIn the year 1298,a man named Marco Polo sat in a prison cell in Genoa,Italy.He thought about the remarkab

25、le life he had led.During his youth,Marco had traveled from his native Italy to distant lands.For more than 20 years,he had experienced many great adventures.But after his return,he was a hostage in a war between two Italian citiesGenoa,and his home city,Venice(VEN-is).A fellow prisoner,a writer nam

26、ed Rustichello(rus-ti-KAY-loh),formed a friendship with Marco.“Ive heard that you have been to Cathay and have seen many amazing things,”he said.Cathay(ka-THAY)was what people in Italy and other parts of Europe called China.China was a mysterious land most people knew very little about.“Yes,”said Ma

27、rco,“I have been to Cathay.Would you like to hear about it?”Rustichello nodded.“I would indeed.”Marco then sat back and started to tell Rustichello about his fantastic journey.For months,he told one story after another while the writer took pen in hand to write down every word.“This will make a wond

28、erful book,”he said.Marco Polo and the Silk Road Level Y2122Even today,there are doubters.Although most historians think that Marco Polos book is a true account of his travels,others disagree.They say he probably went no farther than Persia.There,he could have learned about the wonders of China from

29、 Persias Mongol rulers.Why do some people still think that Marco Polo lied?It is because he made no mention in his book of some obvious things,such as tea drinking,Chinese writing,and the Great Wall of China.The doubters also point out that Chinese records from the 1200s contain no mention of the Po

30、los.Marco Polo always swore that he was telling the truth.When he was on his deathbed in 1324,the 70-year-old Marco was visited by a priest.The priest urged him to save his soul by admitting that his book was all lies.But Marco refused,saying,“I have not told half of what I saw.”The Great Wall of Ch

31、inaThis is a miniature painting from one of the many versions of Marco Polos book about the wonders he saw in China.The scene shows Marco Polo trading with Kublai Khan.Marco Polo and the Silk Road Level Y1920War and CaptivityMarco Polo got home at a bad time.Venice was competing with rival Italian c

32、ity Genoa for control of the Mediterranean Sea.War broke out between the two cities.Although he was now in his early 40s,Marco enlisted in the Venetian navy.He was placed in command of a war galleya ship powered by many human rowers.Genoa defeated Venice in the war in 1298 and took about 7,000 priso

33、ners,including Marco.He was thrown into a prison in Genoa.There he met the writer Rustichello,whom we met at the beginning of this story.Marco and the other Venetians spent a year in the Genoese prison.By the time they were released,Rustichello had written down all of Marcos tales about China.He was

34、 about to make Marco Polo famous.A Million Stories or a Million Lies?Marco Polos account of his years in China first became available in 1298 while Marco was still in prison.Because printing had not yet been invented in Europe,copies of the book were all written out by hand.The book was issued in se

35、veral languages and under several titles,including The Travels of Marco Polo,which is the title used today.Marcos memoir became a sensation.And he became well known throughout Europe.People called him Il Milione,an Italian name meaning,roughly,the man of a million stories,or,as some said,the man of

36、a million lies.Most readers of Marcos book considered it nothing but a collection of tall tales.They refused to believe that China could be so much more advanced than Europe.Miniature painting depicting Venice in the late 1200sMarco Polo and the Silk Road Level Y56Mysterious Cathay and the Silk Road

37、Marco Polo was not the first person from Europe to see Cathay.There had been a few before him.However,those travelers did not publish popular books about their journeys.Thus,most people knew very little about the Asian country.Yet traders from distant lands had been bringing Chinese goods to Europe

38、and other parts of the world for hundreds of years.People in Europe had long desired things from China,such as beautiful pottery,carved jade,and silk.Silk is a beautiful,shimmering cloth made from the cocoons of silkworms.Until the ad 500s,no one outside of China knew how to make silk.The ancient Ro

39、mans(around ad 100)prized silk so highly that they were willing to pay for it with an equal weight of gold.Much of the trade with China was conducted by way of a long east-west route across the continent of Asia.This routeactually several interconnecting routesstretched about 4,000 miles(6,400 km).I

40、t passed through deserts and across mountain ranges.For centuries,it was a highway for camel caravanslong lines of camels loaded with goods.The caravans carried many valuable things.From Europe and other countries in the West,they transported gold,ivory,wool rugs,precious stones,and other wares to C

41、hina.In return,they carried Chinese goods to people in Europe and other parts of the West.Although silk was just one of many items brought back from China,it was probably the most desired.For that reason,the caravan route became known as the Silk Road.modern silk pillowEngraving of Marco PoloMarco P

42、olo and the Silk Road Level Y56Mysterious Cathay and the Silk RoadMarco Polo was not the first person from Europe to see Cathay.There had been a few before him.However,those travelers did not publish popular books about their journeys.Thus,most people knew very little about the Asian country.Yet tra

43、ders from distant lands had been bringing Chinese goods to Europe and other parts of the world for hundreds of years.People in Europe had long desired things from China,such as beautiful pottery,carved jade,and silk.Silk is a beautiful,shimmering cloth made from the cocoons of silkworms.Until the ad

44、 500s,no one outside of China knew how to make silk.The ancient Romans(around ad 100)prized silk so highly that they were willing to pay for it with an equal weight of gold.Much of the trade with China was conducted by way of a long east-west route across the continent of Asia.This routeactually sev

45、eral interconnecting routesstretched about 4,000 miles(6,400 km).It passed through deserts and across mountain ranges.For centuries,it was a highway for camel caravanslong lines of camels loaded with goods.The caravans carried many valuable things.From Europe and other countries in the West,they tra

46、nsported gold,ivory,wool rugs,precious stones,and other wares to China.In return,they carried Chinese goods to people in Europe and other parts of the West.Although silk was just one of many items brought back from China,it was probably the most desired.For that reason,the caravan route became known

47、 as the Silk Road.modern silk pillowEngraving of Marco PoloMarco Polo and the Silk Road Level Y1920War and CaptivityMarco Polo got home at a bad time.Venice was competing with rival Italian city Genoa for control of the Mediterranean Sea.War broke out between the two cities.Although he was now in hi

48、s early 40s,Marco enlisted in the Venetian navy.He was placed in command of a war galleya ship powered by many human rowers.Genoa defeated Venice in the war in 1298 and took about 7,000 prisoners,including Marco.He was thrown into a prison in Genoa.There he met the writer Rustichello,whom we met at

49、the beginning of this story.Marco and the other Venetians spent a year in the Genoese prison.By the time they were released,Rustichello had written down all of Marcos tales about China.He was about to make Marco Polo famous.A Million Stories or a Million Lies?Marco Polos account of his years in Chin

50、a first became available in 1298 while Marco was still in prison.Because printing had not yet been invented in Europe,copies of the book were all written out by hand.The book was issued in several languages and under several titles,including The Travels of Marco Polo,which is the title used today.Ma