原版英语RAZ 教案Q10-Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis (3).pdf

《原版英语RAZ 教案Q10-Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis (3).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案Q10-Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis (3).pdf（24页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK QQTWWritten by Elizabeth AustinEarthquakes,Volcanoes,and TsunamisA Reading AZ Level Q Leveled BookWord Count:749Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamiswww.readinga-Written by Elizabeth AustinEarthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsuna

2、misLevel Q Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Elizabeth AustinIllustrated by Craig FrederickAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,page 4:Photodisc/Getty Images;back cover,title page,pages 7,13(all),14,17,21:ArtToday;page 8:courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Divis

3、ion LC-USZ62-55720;page 9:Boris Grdanoski/AP Images;page 11:StockTrek/Photodisc/GettyImages;15:Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis;page 16:Marshall Myrman/Corbis;page 19:Harry Yeh,University of Washington;page 20:Eric Skitzi/AP ImagesEarthquakes,Volcanoes,and TsunamisCorrelationLEVEL QN3030Fountas&PinnellReading

4、 RecoveryDRA34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4Deep Within the Earth .5Earthquakes:Terrible Trembling.7The Richter Scale.10Volcanoes:Enormous Explosions.11Tsunamis:Wild Waves .16Conclusion .21Glossary .22IntroductionThe ground and the ocean are usually peaceful.But forces deep within the earth can sud

5、denly cause earthquakes,volcanoes,and tsunamis(tsoo-NOM-ees).In this book,you will read about these events and the forces that cause them.Smoke rises from what seems to be a peaceful volcano.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4Deep Within the Earth .5Earthquake

6、s:Terrible Trembling.7The Richter Scale.10Volcanoes:Enormous Explosions.11Tsunamis:Wild Waves .16Conclusion .21Glossary .22IntroductionThe ground and the ocean are usually peaceful.But forces deep within the earth can suddenly cause earthquakes,volcanoes,and tsunamis(tsoo-NOM-ees).In this book,you w

7、ill read about these events and the forces that cause them.Smoke rises from what seems to be a peaceful volcano.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q56Deep Within the EarthThe top layer of Earth is made of giant pieces of rock,like the pieces of a puzzle.The pieces of rock,called plates,make up

8、 continents and ocean floors.Where the plates come together,there are often cracks and gaps,called faults.Underneath the plates,the Earth is very hot.It is so hot that rock melts into a liquid called magma.The plates float on top of this liquid magma.The magma is always moving,dragging the plates ar

9、ound with it.At the edges of the moving plates,three different things can happen.If the plates are moving against each other,one plate slides over or under the other plate(Fig.1).If the plates are moving past each other,the edges of the plates grind together (Fig.2).And if the plates are moving apar

10、t,they make a gap where magma comes out(Fig.3).MAGMAThe dotted lines show the edges of the plates.PacificPlateAustralianPlateIndianPlateEurasianPlateNazcaPlateSouth AmericanPlateNorth AmericanPlateAfricanPlateAntarcticPlatePacificPlateScotia PlateEQUATORTectonic PlatesMAGMAMAGMAMountainsFig.1Fig.2Fi

11、g.3Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q56Deep Within the EarthThe top layer of Earth is made of giant pieces of rock,like the pieces of a puzzle.The pieces of rock,called plates,make up continents and ocean floors.Where the plates come together,there are often cracks and gaps,called faults.Und

12、erneath the plates,the Earth is very hot.It is so hot that rock melts into a liquid called magma.The plates float on top of this liquid magma.The magma is always moving,dragging the plates around with it.At the edges of the moving plates,three different things can happen.If the plates are moving aga

13、inst each other,one plate slides over or under the other plate(Fig.1).If the plates are moving past each other,the edges of the plates grind together (Fig.2).And if the plates are moving apart,they make a gap where magma comes out(Fig.3).MAGMAThe dotted lines show the edges of the plates.PacificPlat

14、eAustralianPlateIndianPlateEurasianPlateNazcaPlateSouth AmericanPlateNorth AmericanPlateAfricanPlateAntarcticPlatePacificPlateScotia PlateEQUATORTectonic PlatesMAGMAMAGMAMountainsFig.1Fig.2Fig.3Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q78Earthquakes:Terrible TremblingSometimes the plates get caught

15、on each other and cannot move.The pressure and energy build up.Then,suddenly,the rocks give way.The ground shakes.Far above,people feel an earthquake.The ground here was ripped open by an earthquake.Earthquakes can damage or even destroy buildings.Some earthquakes are small and harmless.But sometime

16、s the shaking is so strong that buildings crumble,bridges collapse,and large cracks open in the ground.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q78Earthquakes:Terrible TremblingSometimes the plates get caught on each other and cannot move.The pressure and energy build up.Then,suddenly,the rocks give

17、 way.The ground shakes.Far above,people feel an earthquake.The ground here was ripped open by an earthquake.Earthquakes can damage or even destroy buildings.Some earthquakes are small and harmless.But sometimes the shaking is so strong that buildings crumble,bridges collapse,and large cracks open in

18、 the ground.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q910We measure the strength of earthquakes on an instrument called a seismograph(SIZE-moh-graf).Each earthquake is given a number from the Richter(RICK-ter)scale,depending on its strength.A seismographThe Richter Scale1 People cannot feel the eart

19、hquakeonly sensitive instruments can detect it.2 People usually do not feel it;some people in tall buildings may sense a slight swaying.3 Many people near the origin of the earthquake notice the shaking.No damage occurs.4 People at the origin of the quake definitely feel it.Hanging objects sway.Wate

20、r sloshes in swimming pools.Some weak buildings may be damaged.5 Felt over a wider area.Usually lots of damage to weak buildings at and around center.Some damage to strong buildings.6 Lots of damage to weak buildings;some damage to strong buildings.Damage can spread over 160 kilometers(100 mi).7 A v

21、ery major earthquake.Most buildings at the center are destroyed.Cracks form in the Earth.Underground pipes break.Large landslides can occur.8 Buildings and bridges destroyed.Large cracks appear in the ground.Large landslides.9 The ground appears to move in“waves.”Entire rivers may move.Objects can b

22、e thrown into the air.Total destruction of buildings and other structures.There is no top to the Richter scale,but the strongest earthquake ever recorded was a 9.5.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q910We measure the strength of earthquakes on an instrument called a seismograph(SIZE-moh-graf)

23、.Each earthquake is given a number from the Richter(RICK-ter)scale,depending on its strength.A seismographThe Richter Scale1 People cannot feel the earthquakeonly sensitive instruments can detect it.2 People usually do not feel it;some people in tall buildings may sense a slight swaying.3 Many peopl

24、e near the origin of the earthquake notice the shaking.No damage occurs.4 People at the origin of the quake definitely feel it.Hanging objects sway.Water sloshes in swimming pools.Some weak buildings may be damaged.5 Felt over a wider area.Usually lots of damage to weak buildings at and around cente

25、r.Some damage to strong buildings.6 Lots of damage to weak buildings;some damage to strong buildings.Damage can spread over 160 kilometers(100 mi).7 A very major earthquake.Most buildings at the center are destroyed.Cracks form in the Earth.Underground pipes break.Large landslides can occur.8 Buildi

26、ngs and bridges destroyed.Large cracks appear in the ground.Large landslides.9 The ground appears to move in“waves.”Entire rivers may move.Objects can be thrown into the air.Total destruction of buildings and other structures.There is no top to the Richter scale,but the strongest earthquake ever rec

27、orded was a 9.5.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q1112Sometimes the hot magma cools before it gets to the surface.It hardens into a solid piece of rock,plugging up the crack or hole where it had been seeping out.Hot gases in the magma continue to press against the plug.The pressure grows.Sud

28、denly,the volcano explodes.Runny liquid rock on this Hawaiian volcano flows smoothly,like a peaceful river.Some volcanoes become plugged(above),and then they explode violently(below).MAGMAPlugDust,ash,and gasLava flowVolcanoes:Enormous ExplosionsA volcano begins when magma from deep inside the Earth

29、 comes out through a crack in the Earths surface.When the magma reaches the surface,it cools into solid rock,often forming a mountain or island.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q1112Sometimes the hot magma cools before it gets to the surface.It hardens into a solid piece of rock,plugging up

30、the crack or hole where it had been seeping out.Hot gases in the magma continue to press against the plug.The pressure grows.Suddenly,the volcano explodes.Runny liquid rock on this Hawaiian volcano flows smoothly,like a peaceful river.Some volcanoes become plugged(above),and then they explode violen

31、tly(below).MAGMAPlugDust,ash,and gasLava flowVolcanoes:Enormous ExplosionsA volcano begins when magma from deep inside the Earth comes out through a crack in the Earths surface.When the magma reaches the surface,it cools into solid rock,often forming a mountain or island.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Ts

32、unamis Level Q1314When mountains explode,they send tons of rock rolling down their sides.These falling rocks are called landslides.Clouds of ash and dust rise into the air during volcanic eruptions.The ash falls to the ground like snow.Large ash clouds can even block out sunlight.Some large volcanoe

33、s have snow and ice on top.The hot gasses melt all the snow and ice at once,and the water rushes down the mountain.This large,dirt-filled flood is called a mudslide.Mount St.Helens after it eruptedThese trees were blown over by the explosion of Mount St.Helens.Mount St.Helens,in Washington State,bef

34、ore it erupted in 1980Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q1314When mountains explode,they send tons of rock rolling down their sides.These falling rocks are called landslides.Clouds of ash and dust rise into the air during volcanic eruptions.The ash falls to the ground like snow.Large ash clou

35、ds can even block out sunlight.Some large volcanoes have snow and ice on top.The hot gasses melt all the snow and ice at once,and the water rushes down the mountain.This large,dirt-filled flood is called a mudslide.Mount St.Helens after it eruptedThese trees were blown over by the explosion of Mount

36、 St.Helens.Mount St.Helens,in Washington State,before it erupted in 1980Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q1516Tsunamis:Wild WavesTsunamis are huge waves caused by earthquakes or volcanoes.Tsunamis can be as high as a football field is long.They are the largest waves in the world.Scientists g

37、ather information from a volcanic fissure.Tsunamis are the largest waves in the world.Scientists are not yet able to predict when earthquakes will happen.But they have become very good at predicting volcanic eruptions.In 1991,scientists warned people in the country of the Philippines that a volcano

38、was about to erupt.Many people left the area and found safety before the huge volcano erupted.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q1516Tsunamis:Wild WavesTsunamis are huge waves caused by earthquakes or volcanoes.Tsunamis can be as high as a football field is long.They are the largest waves in

39、the world.Scientists gather information from a volcanic fissure.Tsunamis are the largest waves in the world.Scientists are not yet able to predict when earthquakes will happen.But they have become very good at predicting volcanic eruptions.In 1991,scientists warned people in the country of the Phili

40、ppines that a volcano was about to erupt.Many people left the area and found safety before the huge volcano erupted.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q1718Steam rises from a volcano near the sea.When tsunamis approach the shore,they break as giant waves.Tsunamiinopenoceanwithmostofthewavebelo

41、wthesurfaceTsunaminearshoreShore10to100feethighLarge landslides caused by earthquakes or volcanoes sometimes fall into the sea and make huge waves.Earthquakes and volcanoes can also happen on the ocean floor.All of these events can create tsunamis.Tsunamis speed away from where they begin in all dir

42、ections.A tsunami can cross an entire ocean.Tsunamis travel very fast.In the open ocean,tsunamis may not be very high above the surface of the water,but they are very deep.As a tsunami comes close to land,the rising ocean floor pushes the wave upward.When a tsunami reaches land,it is tall enough to

43、destroy almost anything in its path.When a Tsunami Wave Reaches ShoreEarthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q1718Steam rises from a volcano near the sea.When tsunamis approach the shore,they break as giant waves.TsunamiinopenoceanwithmostofthewavebelowthesurfaceTsunaminearshoreShore10to100feethigh

44、Large landslides caused by earthquakes or volcanoes sometimes fall into the sea and make huge waves.Earthquakes and volcanoes can also happen on the ocean floor.All of these events can create tsunamis.Tsunamis speed away from where they begin in all directions.A tsunami can cross an entire ocean.Tsu

45、namis travel very fast.In the open ocean,tsunamis may not be very high above the surface of the water,but they are very deep.As a tsunami comes close to land,the rising ocean floor pushes the wave upward.When a tsunami reaches land,it is tall enough to destroy almost anything in its path.When a Tsun

46、ami Wave Reaches ShoreEarthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q1920Most tsunamis are between one and ten stories high.That might not sound very high,but it is hard to imagine the power of this much moving water.Even a small tsunami can destroy houses,streets,and entire towns.Many people describe ts

47、unamis as“walls of water.”Damage from a tsunamiLike volcanoes,tsunamis are becoming easier to predict.Scientists have instruments that detect volcanoes and earthquakes.When a large one happens,scientists often have time to warn people that a tsunami may be coming.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis L

48、evel Q1920Most tsunamis are between one and ten stories high.That might not sound very high,but it is hard to imagine the power of this much moving water.Even a small tsunami can destroy houses,streets,and entire towns.Many people describe tsunamis as“walls of water.”Damage from a tsunamiLike volcan

49、oes,tsunamis are becoming easier to predict.Scientists have instruments that detect volcanoes and earthquakes.When a large one happens,scientists often have time to warn people that a tsunami may be coming.Earthquakes,Volcanoes,and Tsunamis Level Q2122ConclusionDuring a large earthquake,the ground s

50、hakes,destroying homes and property.In an explosive volcanic eruption,liquid rock,ash,and landslides can cover whole cities.And tsunamis can cause billions of dollars in damage.Scientists are working to be able to predict volcanoes,earthquakes,and tsunamis in order to save thousands of lives.Glossar