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1、Hungry Right Here?A Reading AZ Level Z1 Leveled BookWord Count:1,813Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.HUNGRYHUNGRYWritingWhat can you do to help fight the epidemic of hunger?Write an essay highlighting three ways you can contribute to this cause and help fight hunger.Social St

2、udiesWhat are some organizations in your area that help hungry people?Pretend you are a spokesperson from one of the organizations.Write a public service announcement that encourages members of your community to support your organization.Connectionswww.readinga-VYZ1Written by Cynthia Kennedy HenzelL

3、EVELED BOOK Z1HUNGRYHUNGRYRight Here?www.readinga-Written by Cynthia Kennedy HenzelHUNGRYHUNGRYHUNGRYRight Here?Why is there an epidemic of hunger in the United States,and how can kids help to fight it?Focus QuestionCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPage 3:The first surplus

4、 food stamps let people trade a$1 stamp for$1.50 worth of food in 1939.Photo Credits:Front cover:Purcell Pictures,Inc./Alamy Stock Photo;back cover:Justin Sullivan/Getty Images;title page:John Moore/Getty Images;page 3:courtesy of Library of Congress Prints&Photographs Division,LC-DIG-hec-26518;page

5、 4:J-Elgaard/Vetta/Getty Images;page 7:Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photo;page 9:Bob Pennell/The Medford Mail Tribune/AP Images;page 13:Craig F.Walker/The Denver Post/Getty Images;page 14:Jim West/age fotostock;page 16:courtesy of The Food Drive Kid;page 17:Gundersen,C.,A.Dewey,A.Crumba

6、ugh,M.Kato&E.Engelhard.Map the Meal Gap 2016:Food Insecurity and Child Food Insecurity Estimates at the County Level.Feeding America,2016;page 18:Realimage/Alamy Stock PhotoWords to Knowaccess awarenessbenefitscampaigncensusepidemicfederalfood assistancefood banksfood stampminimum wagenonprofitoutst

7、rippedpovertysurplusHungry Right Here?Level Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Cynthia Kennedy HenzelAll rights reserved.www.readinga-3Table of ContentsThe Invisible Epidemic .4Why People Cant Afford Food .5How Food Assistance Works .7The Politics of Hunger .10Filling the Gap .12Kids Can Make a D

8、ifference .14What Can I Do?.17 Glossary .19Hungry Right Here?Level Z14The Invisible EpidemicIts the last day of school!Everyone is excited about the long summer breakeveryone except a boy named Mario.He slumps in his chair with his head on his desk.His stomach rumbles.The only food hes had today is

9、the school lunch,and he knows the cabinets at home are empty.His mom works two jobs,but by the end of the month they always run out of money for food.He sighs,thinking of the long summer ahead.Like Mario,millions of American children go hungry every day.According to the United States Department of A

10、griculture(USDA),48.1 million Americans lived in“food insecure”households in 2014.This means they did not always have access to enough food for everyone living there.Of these Americans,15.3 million were children.That means about one in five children in the United States were food insecure.5Hunger br

11、ings pain and stress.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)has found that children who dont get enough to eat have more health problems and miss more school than those who do get enough to eat.When food-insecure kids are in school,they have a harder time concentrating and learning.Hunge

12、r makes children tired,so they dont get enough exercise.Hunger also has long-term effects.Children grow fast,and their brains develop rapidly at a young age.Too little food slows both their physical and mental development.Many of these children never catch up.The United States grows and exports mill

13、ions of pounds of food,and the government has programs to help people who cant afford food.Yet there is an epidemic of hunger in the United States.Why?Why People Cant Afford FoodBad things can happen to anyone.A factory closes and a parent loses a job.A guardian gets sick and cant work.A single mom

14、must stay home to take care of an aging parent or sick child.When families lose incomeor dont have enough to begin withthey often have to make tough choices.Sometimes they must choose to either pay the bills or eat.Hungry Right Here?Level Z16Millions of Americans work full time and are still food in

15、secure.Since the 1950s,the rising costs of housing,medical care,and food have outstripped most peoples wages.The federal government has set the minimum wage at$7.25 an hour,or$15,080 a year for a full-time job,but many minimum-wage jobs hire only part-time employees in order to avoid paying benefits

16、 such as health insurance.After paying taxes and insurance,even those who have higher-paying jobs can get into trouble.USDA figures show that more than 60 percent of adults receiving food assistance are women.According to the National Womens Law Center,women are more than twice as likely as men to w

17、ork in low-paying jobsand even when they do the same job as a man,are likely to be paid less for doing it.In 2015,the Institute for Womens Policy Research found that women made seventy-nine cents for every dollar made by men for full-time work.Yet the U.S.Census shows that more than 80 percent of si

18、ngle parents caring for children are women,and they are twice as likely to live in poverty as single fathers caring for children.Thats doubly unfortunate,because when mothers are living in poverty,their children often are,too.7How Food Assistance WorksFederal food assistance began as a way for the g

19、overnment to help farmers during the Great Depression.Starting in 1933,the USDA bought farmers surplus crops and distributed them to those in need.In 1939,the government began issuing actual stamps that people used to buy surplus food.By 1964,the program allowed people to buy any type of food,not ju

20、st surplus.In 2008,the Food Stamp Program was renamed the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program(SNAP)to reflect the programs new emphasis on nutrition.During the Great Depression,the government gave out surplus food to help feed hungry Americans.Hungry Right Here?Level Z18In 2014,nearly two-thir

21、ds of SNAP recipients were children,elderly,or disabled.Who Receives SNAP Benefits?44%children20%elderly/disabled36%other adultsSource:Center on Budget and Policy PrioritiesTo decide whether or not people should get food stamps,the federal government evaluates their income.In 2016,if a family of two

22、 earned$15,936 a year,they were living at what the government calls the poverty level.That means a single parent who works full-time for minimum wage(earning$15,080 a year)and his or her child both live in poverty.In 2015,SNAP helped more than forty-five million Americans.The average monthly food st

23、amp benefit is less than$5.00 a day.9Another federal program,the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,Infants,and Children(WIC),helps pregnant women and children under the age of five.WIC provides specific nutritious foods such as milk,baby formula,and baby food.For more than thirty mill

24、ion children,the National School Lunch Program(NSLP)also provides free or reduced-cost lunches at public schools to low-income families.With the urging of First Lady Michelle Obama,Congress passed the Healthy,Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010.The government increased funding for NSLP and,for the first ti

25、me in thirty years,set new standards for nutrition.Children eat free lunch at an Oregon school.Some low-income schools receive federal funding to provide free breakfast and lunch for all their students.Hungry Right Here?Level Z110The Politics of HungerWhile the government offers a safety net to many

26、 hungry Americans,the amount of money budgeted for federal food programs varies from year to year.Shifting political winds led to severe cuts to the program in 198081,with some funding restored by 1990.In some years,Congress cuts billions in spending for SNAP;sometimes it increases spending for scho

27、ol lunch programs.People disagree about how much the federal government should spend on food programs,who the government should help feed,and how the government should determine who qualifies for that help.For instance,some people think the government should change its current measure of poverty,whi

28、ch was first developed in the 1960s.This government formula accounts for inflation.It does not account for other rising costs,however,or shifting demands on Americans budgets.The cost of other necessities such as childcare,housing,transportation,and education have increased much more than food.As a

29、result,more families today struggle to pay their bills.Even for those who qualify,not everyone who needs help gets help.Many people may not know they qualify or dont know how to apply for SNAP.11A Spike in SNAPOthers could be embarrassed to ask for help.Applying for benefits often means taking time

30、off work and finding transportation to a government office.People who cant afford food cant afford to miss work.Source:U.S.Department of Agriculturenumber of participants(millions)2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 26.526.328.233.540.344.746.647.646.745.8The Great Recession struck the

31、 United States at the end of 2007 and lasted several years.It was the countrys worst economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s.Millions of people lost their jobs and,in time,millions of those unemployed Americans turned to SNAP to help pay for food.As the months went by,more people b

32、ecame eligible for SNAP benefits and more eligible people began participating.By 2012,more than 46 million people received SNAP benefits a 76 percent increase since the Great Recession began.Hungry Right Here?Level Z112Filling the GapWhen government funding is not enough to meet the needs of hungry

33、Americans,local food programs help fill the gap.Food banks in every state collect food from growers,restaurants,and grocery stores to distribute to charities,such as food pantries and soup kitchens,that serve the public.Food banks often provide canned or other nonperishable foods because storing fre

34、sh produce,for instance,is difficult.For low-income people,the nutritional gap can sometimes be filled by community gardens.Here,people plant,care for,and harvest produce to use at home or share with the community.There are more than eighteen thousand community gardens in the United States and Canad

35、a,and many grow vegetables for their local food banks.Even food not grown for food banks sometimes makes its way there if growers have extra.Food DesertsHigh-poverty areas are often“food deserts”places not served by large grocery stores.Some are in inner cities where stores have closed.Others are in

36、 rural areas with small populations.People in these areas often cant afford to travel ten or fifteen miles to buy groceries,so they buy basic food at small,local stores.Prices are generally higher,and small stores often dont carry nutritious foods like quality meat or fresh produce.13Feeding America

37、,the largest nonprofit organization helping American families,has more than two hundred food banks and sixty thousand food pantries that feed about twelve million kids each year.However,charities account for less than 6 percent of the food assistance in the United States.As costs rise,wages stay the

38、 same,and federal food programs are cut,these organizations are finding that they cannot meet the needs of hungry people.They often run out of food and have to turn families away.A mother and her children plant tomatoes in a middle-school garden in Colorado.They plan to donate their produce to a loc

39、al food bank.Do You Know?The nonprofit organization AmpleHarvest.org connects more than 7,500 food charities with gardens that want to donate produce.Hungry Right Here?Level Z114Kids Can Make a DifferenceIn addition to food stamps and food banks,individual kids like you can help.Students in Concord,

40、New Hampshire,hosted a“hunger banquet”for their parents.The“cost”to attend the banquet was canned food for the food pantry.A sixth-grade class in Bellingham,Massachusetts,made an award-winning video about hunger to raise awareness in its community.Other students have raised money for food banks thro

41、ugh bake sales,art sales,car washes,walk-a-thons,read-a-thons,and other fund-raising activities.Volunteers prepare meals at the Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.The kitchen prepares 4,500 meals every day for homeless shelters,soup kitchens,and other programs.15Sam Adamo played his cello at a local

42、farmers market and collected$700 for his local food bank in Rhode Island.Carson Pazdan used his love of cooking and created a cookbook for and by kids.The cookbook sales raised more than$20,000 for the Northern Illinois Food Bank.Nine-year-old Macy Stewart distributed empty bags in her school and as

43、ked classmates to fill them for St.Marys Food Bank.She collected 844 pounds(383 kg)of food.When seven-year-old William Winslow realized that kids in Wake County,North Carolina,would not have food over spring break,he asked a local Mexican restaurant to team up with him.The restaurant gave free chees

44、e dip to customers who brought in foods for BackPack Buddies,a program that sends meals home on weekends for students in need.Then William asked a local grocery store to let him stand outside and tell people about the program.In only one weekend,he collected 1,400 pounds (635 kg)of food and$305 in c

45、ash donations.His donation sent extra food home over spring break.Do You Know?St.Marys Food Bank in Surprise,Arizona,is the worlds first food bank.It was founded in 1967.Hungry Right Here?Level Z116Now in fourth grade,William still holds an annual fund-raiser.In 2016,he enlisted and organized 171 vo

46、lunteers to collect donations at ten grocery stores.Donations provided eleven thousand meals to regional children.In 2017,he hopes to expand throughout the state of North Carolina.William,a swimmer and Cub Scout,says,“Im just an involved,regular kid.Any kid can make a difference if they want to.Its

47、just whether they want to or not.”“Im just an involved,regular kid.Any kid can make a difference if they want to.Its just whether they want to or not.”William collected 8,100 pounds(3,674 kg)of food for BackPack Buddies in 2016.17What Can I Do?If you have a family garden,you can donate extra produce

48、 to a local food pantryor plant an extra patch of vegetables to donate!You can also donate part of your allowance and encourage others to do the same.Kids in Loudoun County,Virginia,came up with a plan to allow kids to donate a dime to the food bank each time they bought lunch.Encourage a school cam

49、paign to buy products to support food banks or work with a local company to raise funds for a local food bank.Map the Meal GapUse this map to compare rates of hunger within your state.Next,compare your state and region with others.Where is the percentage of food insecurity highest?Lowest?414%1519%20

50、24%2529%30%+Food Insecurity RatesHungry Right Here?Level Z118Find out what the local food bank and charities need and at what time of year the need is greatest.Share what you find with friends,family,and neighbors.Most people dont know a lot about hunger in their own communities.Let them know by wri