原版英语RAZ 教案Ramses II.pdf

《原版英语RAZ 教案Ramses II.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案Ramses II.pdf（9页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Ramses IIA Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,343WritingChoose another famous pharaoh from Egypts history.Write an essay comparing Ramses II and the other pharaoh,including their personal and political accomplishments.Social Studies a

2、nd ArtResearch and illustrate the battle of Kadesh to show a more accurate portrayal.Compare your illustrations with the illustrations that were on temple walls across ancient Egypt and Nubia at the time of Ramses II.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Ryan JamesLEVELED BOOK XLEVELED BOOK XRamses IIR

3、amses IIRamses IIwww.readinga-Why is Ramses II one of the most famous pharaohs of ancient times?Focus QuestionWritten by Ryan JamesRamses IIRamses IIWorld Leaders Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Ryan JamesAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A close-up of the face of a giant statu

4、e of Ramses II in Egypt.Title page:An image of Ramses II hangs in a museum in Paris,France.Page 3:A temple carving in Egypt shows Ramses II.Photo Credits:Front cover:James May/James May/SuperStock;title page:World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo;page 3:age fotostock/age fotostock/SuperStock;page 4

5、:Danita Delimont/Alamy Stock Photo;page 5:Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX Shutterstock;page 7(top):Egyptian Art.Temple of Seti I at Abydos.The pharaoh Ramesses II lassoing a bull with his father Seti I behind him.Relief./Photo Tarker/Bridgeman Images;page 7(bottom):Jim Henderson

6、/Alamy Stock Photo;page 8(main):Simon Evans/Alamy Stock Photo;page 8(inset):Art Directors&TRIP/Alamy Stock Photo;page 9:Peter Horree/Alamy Stock Photo;page 10(top left):RIEGER Bertrand/hemis.fr/Getty Images;page 10(bottom right):Digital Image Library/Alamy Stock Photo;page 11:DEA/G.Dagli Orti/De Ago

7、stini Editore/age fotostock;page 12:akg-images/Franois Gunet/The Image Works;page 14:Eduardo Snchez Gatell/Hemera/Thinkstock;page 15(top left,bottom left):De Agostini/S.Vannini/REX Shutterstock;page 15(right):Andrew Michael/Alamy Stock Photoambushcampaignsdiplomacydynastylegacymortuarypharaohspropag

8、andarebellionreignedsuccessortruceWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Ramses II Level XTable of ContentsEgypts Famous Pharaoh .4A Royal Surprise .5Growing Up to Be Pharaoh .6A Warrior Becomes King .9Battles .11Ramses the Great .14Glossary .164Egypts Famous PharaohK

9、ing Ramses II(also written Ramesses II)reigned during the New Kingdom,a five-hundred-year period considered the golden age of ancient Egypt.He was the third king of the Nineteenth Dynasty,reigning from 1279 to 1213 bc.His sixty-six-year rule was unusually long in a time when most people died before

10、age forty-five.During these years,Ramses II would become one of Egypts most powerful pharaohs,or rulers and earn him the title of Ramses the Great.Ramses was almost certainly the most famous pharaoh in ancient times.A huge statue of Ramses II in the British Museum weighs 6.58 mt(7.25 t.).5A Royal Su

11、rpriseRamses II was born around 1303 bc to the military commander Seti I and his wife,Mut-Tuy(MOOT TOO-ee).Experts believe he had at least one older sister named Tia and may have had another sister named Henutmire(he-nuht-MEE-ray).Ramsess parents probably didnt expect Ramses to become pharaoh.They w

12、erent even members of the royal family.However,King Tutankhamun died without an heir.One of Tutankhamuns officers briefly took over as pharaoh.He was replaced by Horemheb,Tutankhamuns commander of the army,a few years later.Ramses IIs grandfather was an army general named Paramessu who had served wi

13、th Horemheb.When Horemheb became pharaoh,he appointed Paramessu to be his heir.Paramessu became pharaoh several years later.He changed his name to Ramses I and established his family as the new royal line.Ramsess father,Seti I,became pharaoh just a few years later,which put Ramses in line for the th

14、rone.Tutankhamuns funeral maskRamses II Level X6MEDITERRANEAN SEARED SEANUBIAKadeshPi-RamesseAbu SimbelAbydosRamesseumThebesKarnakNile RiverNile River DeltaOrontes RiverHittite EmpireEgyptian EmpireGrowing Up to Be PharaohWhat we know of Ramsess early life comes from artwork and carvings discovered

15、in the structures he built.Ramses II was named Seti Is successor at an early age.As a result,much of Ramsess education was obtained by accompanying his father and observing him as he performed the work of a pharaoh.Artwork shows Ramses II performing religious duties with his father by offering a gif

16、t of wild birds to the god Amun.7Carvings show Ramses and Seti I roping a bull(top)and making an offering to the god Amun(bottom).Ramses II Level XAnother scene shows Ramses and his father roping a bull.As crown prince,Ramses would someday lead Egypts army into battle.He needed to develop physical s

17、trength and endurance,so he probably began training while still a young child.Physical challenges,like roping bulls and riding wild horses,were meant to prepare him for the demands of fighting.At an early age,Ramses was named a captain in the army,a position that may have been in name only.By giving

18、 young Ramses a title and authority,Seti I helped prepare the nation for Ramsess rule.8When Nefertari died,Ramses dedicated an elaborate temple to her at Abu Simbel.He decorated it with colossal statues of Nefertari,himself,and their children.Usually,the pharaohs image is larger than others,but Nefe

19、rtaris statue was the same size as Ramsess statue.Nefertaris temple was carved out of solid sandstone.NefertariAs a teenager,Ramses was considered an adult.He accompanied his father on military campaigns to gain experience with diplomacy and war that would prepare him to be pharaoh.He also had his o

20、wn household.He married his first wife,Nefertari,when he was about fifteen.At the time,it was common for rulers to have many wives,and Ramses was no exception.Historians think Ramses married eight or more royal wives as well as several“minor wives,”but Nefertari was his favorite.“My love is unique,”

21、Ramses wrote of her.“No one can rival her,for she is the most beautiful woman alive.”Nefertari remained Ramsess chief wife until her death.9This scene from the Nubian temple of Beit el-Wali shows Ramses and his two sons in battle.Ramses II Level XA Warrior Becomes KingRamses played an important role

22、 during much of his fathers reign.He was in charge of military campaigns and became known as a courageous warrior.Artwork shows Ramses charging into battle with his two oldest sons.Historians think this battle took place during a rebellion in Nubia,a country located south of Egypt.Nubia was a source

23、 of gold and riches.Egyptians and Nubians fought for its control.Seti I ruled for thirteen years.Ramses was about twenty-five when Seti I died,which made Ramses pharaoh.Early in his reign,Ramses restarted work on several of his fathers building projects.Seti I had ordered stoneworkers and artisans t

24、o build an immense hall at Karnak containing 134 tall columns.Walls were decorated with raised relief,or bas-reliefa process in which a scenes background is carved away,leaving behind raised images.10However,Ramses soon directed workers to carve images directly into the stone.The faster technique re

25、sulted in less detailed images known as sunk relief.He doubled the previous rate of temple building and ended up building more temples than any other pharaoh.Ramses II commissioned many new building projects,including a second,larger temple at Abu Simbel,his mortuary templethe Ramesseum,in Thebesand

26、 a new capital city.He named the new city Pi-Ramesse,which could be loosely translated“Ramsesopolis.”Pi-Ramesse allowed Ramses to move closer to Egypts long-standing enemies,the Hittites,who lived east of Egypt in a region that is now Syria.The Ramesseum(top)was designed to honor Ramses II and keep

27、the memory of him alive for eternity.The Great Hypostyle Hall of Karnak(right)covers 5,000 square meters(53,820 sq.ft.).11Ramses II Level XBattlesRamses successfully battled Hittites and reclaimed many small provinces taken by them.Some were those his father was unsuccessful at reclaiming.Hittites a

28、ttacked and captured Kadesh,an important trade city,soon after Ramses II became pharaoh.Ramses led about twenty thousand soldiers to retake the city during the fifth year of his reign.This battle became one of the most famous events from Ramses IIs reign.Including the Hittite chariots,it holds the r

29、ecord as the worlds largest-ever chariot battle with about 4,500 chariots.The battle also involved the first recorded military ambush.The battle of Kadesh is especially famous because Ramses had its story illustrated on temple walls across Egypt and Nubia.Artwork shows Ramses,larger than all the oth

30、er figures in the battle,soundly defeating the enemy.One of many similar images shows a large Ramses II defeating the Hittites.12Ramses II riding in his chariot at the Battle of Kadesh.The Hittite army had around 2,500 chariots with three men in each.It turns out that the battle wasnt quite the vict

31、ory that Ramses wanted people to think it was.In fact,Ramses was nearly killed.The battle itself was more a draw than a clear Egyptian victory.From Egyptian and Hittite records of the battle,scholars have concluded that Ramsess army separated as it approached Kadesh.Ramsess division scouted ahead,an

32、d another division followed a day behind.A third group circled around to attack from the far side.Two locals reported to Ramses that the Hittite army was still many miles north.However,Ramses soon learned that the Hittite army was much closer and was already preparing to attack.13Ramses II Level XRa

33、mses sent word to his other divisions,but a Hittite ambush of 2,500 chariots overran his would-be reinforcements.The Hittites then attacked Ramsess small advance force.According to Ramses,he held off the enemy single-handedly while the rest of his army fled.According to other records,an elite divisi

34、on of Ramsess army,called the Nearin,arrived just in time to save the pharaoh.After heavy losses on both sides,though,the two leaders declared a truce.Ramses withdrew his forces back to Egypt.Over the following year,Ramses commissioned many poems and wall carvings to tell the story of the battle.All

35、 of them described him as a hero.According to some experts,hed begun historys first propaganda campaign.Fifteen years later,the two nations were again on the verge of war,but fighting so far from Ramsess base was difficult.Instead of fighting each other,Ramses II and the Hittite king united to creat

36、e a peace treaty.It included clauses still used in modern peace treaties,such as an agreement not to attack one anothers territories.It also ensured that the two nations would be allies for years to come.A copy of this treaty now hangs on the wall of the United Nations General Assembly building.14Gi

37、ant sculptures of Ramses II are on either side of the entrance to the larger of two sandstone temples at Abu Simbel.Ramses the GreatRamses II ruled until 1213 bc before dying of natural causes at the age of ninety-one.He outlived his oldest son and original heir as well as the next eleven sons in li

38、ne for the throne.His thirteenth son became pharaoh after him,but the dynasty soon began to decline.One hundred fifty years after Ramsess death,the New Kingdom came to an end.Ramses II was so famous in ancient Egypt that at least nine later pharaohs were named after him.Today,Ramses II is known as R

39、amses the Great.He built more monuments and temples than any other pharaoh in history.As a result,he left behind a legacy of art,architecture,and historical records that allows us to better understand the people and culture of his time.151303 bc:Ramses II born1289 bc:Ramses II marries his first two

40、wives1291 bc:Seti I becomes pharaoh1298 bc:Ramses I becomes pharaoh1258 bc:Peace treaty with Hittites1264 bc:Construction of Abu Simbel begins around this time1259 bc:The Ramesseum is completed1274 bc:Battle at Kadesh1252 bc:Nefertari dies1281 bc:Ramses II puts down revolt in Nubia,taking his two ol

41、dest sons into battle1244 bc:Isetnofret(second wife)dies;Ramses II marries first Hittite princess;construction at Abu Simbel is completed around this time1213 bc:Ramses II dies at age ninety-one1231 bc:Marries second Hittite princess1300129012801270126012501240123012201310 bc1210 bc1279 bc:Ramses II

42、 becomes pharaoh;construction of Ramesseum starts around this timeRamses II Level X16Glossaryambush(n.)a surprise attack conducted from a hidden position(p.11)campaigns(n.)planned series of actions designed to reach certain goals(p.8)diplomacy(n.)the skill or practice of negotiating between represen

43、tatives of different countries(p.8)dynasty(n.)a series of rulers from the same family in a country(p.4)legacy(n.)something handed down from the past to the present(p.14)mortuary(adj.)of or relating to burial(p.10)pharaohs(n.)rulers in ancient Egypt(p.4)propaganda(n.)news,arts,or other media that oft

44、en use false or exaggerated information to influence people (p.13)rebellion(n.)a fight against authority or power;an uprising(p.9)reigned(v.)ruled an area as the most important or powerful person(p.4)successor(n.)a person who follows another in a job or elected position(p.6)truce(n.)an agreement not to fight(p.13)