原版英语RAZ 教案(Z1) Building a Nation.pdf

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1、www.readinga-Building a NationWriting Research the Bill of Rights.Write an essay about one of these rights,explaining why it was significant to the colonists and why it is still important today.Social StudiesChoose one of the first three presidents of the United States to research.Create a biographi

2、cal poster that includes details about his childhood,education,career,and presidency.ConnectionsBuilding a NationA Reading AZ Level Z1 Leveled BookWord Count:2,196Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Part Three of The American Revolution Written by Terry Miller ShannonLEVELED BOO

3、K Z1ZZ1Z2Building a NationLevel Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZPart Three of The American RevolutionWritten by Terry Miller ShannonIllustrations by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,page 21:courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints and Photographs Division LC-USZC2-3796;b

4、ack cover,page 10:Boris Hudak/D;title page,pages 4,9(both),14,19:The Granger Collection,NYC;page 3:iStock/Natalia Bratslavsky;page 6:courtesy of The National Archives and Records Administration;page 11:courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints and Photographs Division LC-USZ62-1551;pages 12,15(top,cent

5、er):SuperStock/SuperStock;page 13:Photri Images/SuperStock;page 15(bottom):GL Archive/Alamy;page 16:North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy;page 17(main):North Wind Picture Archives/AP Images;page 17(inset):Danita Delimont/Alamy;page 20:Bettmann/Corbis;page 22(main):courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints

6、and Photographs Division LC-USZC4-1583;page 22(background):iStock/PgiamPart Three of The American RevolutionBuilding a Nation tells about the efforts of thirteen colonies to build a nation.Read Seeds of Revolution and Battling for Independence to find out what events led to the creation of the Unite

7、d States of America.authority checks and balances compromise constitution debates debts executive expansion guaranteed judicial legislative prosperity ratify rebellion representatives seizing treaty tyrannyWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAwww.readinga-Building

8、 a NationPart Three of The American RevolutionWritten by Terry Miller ShannonHow did the United States develop from thirteen separate colonies to one united nation?Focus Question34Table of ContentsIntroduction .4The Articles of Confederation .5The Treaty of Paris .7Money Problems .9Constitutional Co

9、nvention .10Arguments Over Land .16The Louisiana Purchase .18Exploration and War .19Timeline of the American Revolution .22Glossary .23Index .24IntroductionIn 1776,the thirteen British colonies in North America signed the Declaration of Independence,proclaiming they were free and independent of Grea

10、t Britains rule.At the same time,the colonies declared themselves a union of states called the United States of America.After that,the union of states needed to devise a system of government.Delegates from the original thirteen colonies,now called states,began to draft a plan for a government.It wou

11、ld take five years for this plan to be firmly established within the new union of states because war with Great Britain continued.However,it would take another forty years and another war with Great Britain for this new union to feel truly united.Liberty BellColonists fight British soldiers at the B

12、attle of Lexington.Building a Nation Level Z156The Articles of Confederation gave the federal government of the United States no authority and no freedom to act.The United States had debts from the war,but Congress,the one branch of federal government created by the Articles,could not tax people to

13、raise money to pay off the debts.The lack of power to tax would prove to be one of the Articles of Confederations fatal flaws.The document had other flaws as well,including that no one executive was in charge.A president was elected to oversee the proceedings of Congress,but had no power to make dec

14、isions.Congress also did not have the power to change the Articles if the union of states decided something about the plan was not working.Nine of the thirteen states had to agree to changes in the Articles.It would take several years after its approval by the states for the Articles of Confederatio

15、n to show its flaws.The Articles of ConfederationIn 1777,delegates appointed by each state to the Second Continental Congress agreed to send the new plan for government to the states for review.The document detailing the plan would become known as the Articles of Confederation.It did not refer to th

16、e United States as a nation,but as a“firm league of friendship”between thirteen states.The document set up a weak federal government and strong state governments.The states liked the authority and freedom they had under the Articles.Each state created its own constitution and printed its own money.T

17、he Articles of ConfederationDo You Know?The first thirteen states were all located along the East Coast of the present-day United States.GASCNCPANYCTMANHDENJCTRINew SpainVAMDMANew SpainATLANTICOCEANLand claims of states under the Articles of ConfederationNew SpainunclaimedMABuilding a Nation Level Z

18、178The Treaty of ParisIt took almost five years for all thirteen states to come to an agreement and approve the Articles of Confederation.In 1781,the major fighting of the Revolutionary War ended with U.S.General George Washingtons win over British General Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown,Virginia,but

19、 the war itself wasnt officially over for two more years.Representatives from the United States and Great Britain discussed peace terms in Paris,France,from the middle of 1782 until the Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3,1783.Only then had the war officially ended.The peace treaty established

20、 two important ideas:1.It recognized the new United States to be independent of Great Britain.2.It also set the boundaries of the new United States.It included all land from the Atlantic Ocean west to the Mississippi River with the exception of New Orleans and the Floridas,which Spain controlled.The

21、 United States northern boundary was set at the Great Lakes and along the borders of Quebec and Nova Scotia,both part of British-controlled Canada.New SpainATLANTIC OCEANBritishcontrolledU.S.states and territoriesThinking CriticallyWHY was it important for the U.S.to be recognized in the Treaty of P

22、aris as independent of Britain?IN YOUR MIND,what might have happened if the treaty did not recognize U.S.independence?Why Did It Take So Long?The Treaty of Paris was not signed until two years after the war ended at Yorktown.Great Britain was in no hurry to please the United States.Britain also hope

23、d a delay would increase the chances that colonists who had fled the colonies due to their loyalty to Britain would get paid for property they lost when they fled.Estimates vary on how many colonists loyal to Britain left during and after the war,but some put the number around 100,000.CanadaNew Orle

24、ansNew SpainClaimed by both Britain and SpainMississippi RiverGREAT LAKESBuilding a Nation Level Z1910Constitutional ConventionTo solve the many problems of the United States,fifty-five men arrived in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,for a meeting at Independence Hall in May 1787.The goal of the meeting wa

25、s to change the Articles of Confederation to make the federal government stronger.They would work on drafting a constitution that would establish an executive to lead the union,give Congress the power to tax,and create a way to change the governing document.Twelve of the thirteen states sent delegat

26、es.Each delegate was an influential leader in his own state and was also known as a leader in the new union.All the delegates were wealthy,educated white men.The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the meeting,which became known as the Constitutional Convention.The convention would l

27、ast for several weeks.Money ProblemsOnce the Revolutionary War was over and the Treaty of Paris signed,there were terrible money troubles for the United States.Soldiers headed home,poor and tired.The government had no money and no power to tax,so many of the soldiers were not paid.But an even bigger

28、 money headache faced the new nation:war debts.The nation owed more than$76 million to foreign countries,individual Americans,and state banks.Leaders did not know how they would raise the money to pay off the huge debts.In Massachusetts,money problems at home inspired a rebellion.Farmers who fought

29、for independence could not pay their debts and lost their farms.In 1786,Daniel Shays,a former Revolutionary War captain,and about a thousand farmers and other workers marched on the town of Springfield,Massachusetts,and then headed to Boston.The U.S.Army met them there,and gunfire was exchanged.Some

30、 of the workers were tried and hanged while others were not punished.Shays Rebellion persuaded many citizens and leaders that a stronger federal government was needed.Independence HallThis gold U.S.Half Eagle was made in 1795.Building a Nation Level Z11112Debates over revisions to the Articles of Co

31、nfederation raised tempers on two issues related to power in the new government.The first issue was representation.More representatives in Congress would equal more power,so two plans were proposed.One based representation on population,which meant more representatives for states with more people.Th

32、e other plan made representation equal for all states.The second issue was slavery,which was important to the farming economy in the Southern states.Slaves were people who were forced to work without pay.Southern states not only wanted to ensure they could keep their slaves,but also that they could

33、have slaves counted for representationeven though slaves could not vote.The delegates for the Southern states thought that by counting slaves for representation,their states would be on more equal footing with the Northern states,which had more people.The delegates developed a compromise on both rep

34、resentation and slavery.For representation,they created two houses of Congress.In the Senate,all states would be equally represented.In the House of Representatives,states would be represented based on their population.On the issue of slavery,the delegates prohibited Congress from making any changes

35、 to control slavery for twenty years.They also agreed to count three-fifths of the slave population.Delegates also debated how much power the president should have.So they developed a system of checks and balances by which each power given to one branch of the government would be matched with equal

36、power given to the other two branches.Three branches were proposed in alla legislative branch with two houses of Congress,an executive branch with a president,and a judicial branch with a system of courts to enforce laws.A system to change the Constitution was also built into the document.An editori

37、al cartoon shows debates during the Constitutional Convention.George Washington addresses the Constitutional Convention.Building a Nation Level Z11314On September 17,1787,thirty-nine delegates of the convention signed the Constitution and sent it out to the states for a vote.People everywhere debate

38、d whether the Constitution created a good plan for government.A group called the Federalists liked the Constitution and worked to get states to ratify it.Another group called the Antifederalists did not like the Constitution and worked against it becoming the law of the land.The Antifederalists said

39、 the Constitution needed to list the rights that belonged to the people and could not be taken away by the government.Eventually,the two sides would reach an agreement,and all thirteen states would vote in favor of the Constitution.The agreement between the Federalists and the Antifederalists includ

40、ed ten changes to the Constitution,which were called the Bill of Rights.The Bill of Rights guaranteed the right to free speech,the right to practice a religion,and other rights.Liberty for All?Slaves were not free,and neither were women.Women werent able to vote,and pretty much had to do as their hu

41、sbands or fathers told them.John Adamss wife,Abigail,frequently mentioned this fact to her husband:“Whilst you are proclaiming peace and goodwill to men.you insist upon retaining an absolute power over wives,”she wrote to John.In another letter,she wrote:“In the new code of laws.I desire you remembe

42、r the ladies.”The U.S.ConstitutionAbigail Adams was an early supporter of womens rights in America.Thinking CriticallyWHY did the delegates compromise on so many issues to create the Constitution?IN YOUR MIND,how does compromise make things stronger?Building a Nation Level Z11516Tecumseh led the Sha

43、wnees to fight against American settlers moving into the Northwest Territory where Native Americans had been living for centuries.Under the new Constitution,George Washington was elected president of the United States of America and took office on April 30,1789.Many people felt he was a great leader

44、.He served two four-year terms as president of the United States.During his first term,Washington appointed Alexander Hamilton as secretary of the treasury.Hamiltons plan to fix the new nations many money problems included taxes on imports and the first national bank.Hamiltons plan seemed to restore

45、 faith in the government and stimulated growth in the economy.After Washington finished his second term,John Adams was elected president of the United States in 1796.Next came Thomas Jefferson in 1801.Arguments Over LandAnother problem faced the new countrywhat to do with the enormous lands the Unit

46、ed States gained after winning the Revolutionary War.Everyone greedily claimed the new lands.Some areas were claimed by several states at one time.The leaders of the United States had to figure out how to fairly divide up the land.The Land Ordinance of 1785 spelled out how to divide the new property

47、 into townships and sections.The sections were to be sold to settlers.Certain sections were set aside for the government and for public schools.In 1787,Virginia state delegate Thomas Jefferson designed the Northwest Ordinance,which provided rules for how new states would be created in the Northwest

48、Territory.It ensured that the United States would hold no colonies as Britain had held the thirteen colonies.George WashingtonPresident 17891797John AdamsPresident 17971801Thomas JeffersonPresident 18011809Building a Nation Level Z11718 The Land Ordinance and the Northwest Ordinance set the stage fo

49、r a huge movement of settlers westward in the early 1800s.To enable this expansion,roads,canals,and railroads were built.The nation was rapidly expanding,and the new government seemed able to keep up with the pace.Debts were being paid,land disagreements were settled,and a division of power for the

50、new government was established.The outlook for the new nation had turned from the grimness that followed the war to the brightness of the future.The Louisiana PurchaseWith all this prosperity and expansion,leaders of the United States started making plans.France now held the land from the Mississipp