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1、初二英语语法知识点简单初二英语语法知识点简单He said I was hard-working.重点语法:宾语从句结构:主语+谓语动词+宾语从句(主语+谓语动词+宾语/表语)例句:Im good at English. He says.(改为加宾语从句的复合句)He says Im good at English.注意:主句是一般现在时态,宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句:He says Im good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.主句是过去时态,宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句:He said
2、 I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。彳列句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.动词原形不能作主语,必须用其-ing形式。彳列句:She said helping others changed her life.重点短语:direct spee
3、ch直接引语reported speech = indirect speech 间接弓语first of all = at first 首先pass on传递be supposed to do sth,应该做某事be good at = do well in在某方面做得好in good health身体健康get over 克服open up打开care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾not any more = not any longer 二 no longer 不再have a cold 感冒end-of-year exam 年终考试get n
4、ervous变得紧张forget to do sth.忘记做某事(该事未做)forget doing sth.忘记做某事(该事已做)its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说(加形容词)context上下文Reading Strategy(阅读方法)First read for meaning, not for detail.(首先理解文段的大致意思,不在于 文段的细节部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词,你可以通过上下文
5、来寻找它的正确释义。)If you go to the party, youll have a great time!初二英语语法知识点复习总结重点语法:if引导的条件状语从句结构:主句+ if +条件状语从句if +条件状语从句+ (comma) +主句注意:在if引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时O彳列句:Youll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, youll have a great time.重点短语:take away拿走around the world =
6、all over the world 在世界各地make a living 谋生all the time = always 一直Whats the problem? = Whats the matter? = Whats wrong?怎么了?in order to do sth.为了做某事make sb. do sth.使得某人做某事(to省略,该结构是一个不带to的不定式。)make sb. adj.使得某人(加形容词)make sb. done使得某人被做be famous for为而出名be famous as作为而出名in class 在课堂上spend (time/money) on
7、 sth. = spend (time/money) in doing sth.花(时间/钱) 用于做某事see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事(强调整个过程)see sb. doing sth.看见某人做某事(强调偶然性)say said said动词say的原形、过去式和过去分词tell told told动词tell的原形、过去式和过去分词eat ate eaten动词eat的原形、过去式和过去分词speak spoke spoken动词speak的原形、过去式和过去分词初二英语语法结构必背知识点1、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)歹U如:She is a student (身份)
8、He has become an engineerIt tastes sweet They are in the classroom动词是系动词,其后的表语表示主语的身份,特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词 的数量很少,最常用的是be的各种变化形式,系动词,如become, turn, look, seem, appear, sound, taste, smell, remain, prove, keep, fall, 等2、主语+动词(S+V)歹U如:water flows He is readingShe has arrived They will come Mary cried例如:The
9、y have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK3、主语+动词+宾语(S+V+0)例如:Tom speaks English He bought a jacketThey have finished the job Rose is reading a book及物动词,其后必须跟一个宾语3、主语+动词+宾语+宾语(S+V+O+O)例如:Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a storyGive us a ring when you arrive at the collegeThe st
10、udents are giving the classroom a thorough clean up直接宾语是动作承受者或结果,间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的4、主语+动词+宾语+补语(S+V+O+C)例如:We elected him chairman We should keep the classroom cleanI want her to come She had a new dress madeShe heared him singing宾语和补语在逻辑上是主与表或者主与谓的关系。也就是 说补语表示宾语的特征,身份,状态,或是宾语的行为动作。如果这一结构的句子变 为被动句,那么原来
11、的宾语变成了主语,后面的补语便是主语的补语:We found him (reading in the library)(括号内表示宾语的补语)所有者成分都是必不可少的,缺少任何一个成分都会破坏句子结构的完整性。句子 结构中的基本成分包括主语、动词、表语、宾语、和补语、英语句子中还有起修饰作 用的定语和状语,以及起解释说明作用的同位语。下面括号部分即为定语、状语和同 位语。例如:She is a good studentThey will come soonMr Brown, Tom s father , is an engineer因此,英语的句子成分主语有主语,动词,表语,宾语,补语,定语,
12、状语和同位 语。问题:名词作表语和名词作单宾之间的区别?名词作宾语补足语和名词作直接宾语 的差别?分析下列各句属于哪种基本结构,并划出各个句子成分。1、 I saw Jane in the reading room2、 Production grows rapidly3、 They treated me as their own son4、 His classmates made him their monitor5、 Victor passed Robert the ball6、 You did not need to arrive so early7、 The children ran m
13、errily after him8、 It is getting dark9、 Martin, my good friend, has given me a lot of help10、 Circumstances do not permit me to leave11、 The population of city rose by 20 percent12 She had a new dress made13 Her face turned red at his words14、 The old professor lectures twice a week15、 Tom become a
14、good student at last16 I want that blue skirt , the one on the left17、 They will have a meeting in room 20518、 Her parents bought her a new radio19、 She told us a lot of interesting stories20 The food smells nice怎样学习英语语法积极主动归纳总结语法规则英语学习者在学习过程中要善于主动观察、归纳、总结语法规则,不要完全依靠教 师或书本的讲解。研究表明,学习者自己归纳总结的语法规则比从书本
15、上学来的记得 更好。例如动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可作宾语,归纳后可知高中有少数动词后只 能跟动词-ing形式作宾语,它们主要是mind, miss, enjoy, admit, avoid, finish, escape, practice 等。要善于从错误中学习学习者要善于从错误中学习。英语学习中出现错误是不可避免的。学习者一方面不 要怕犯错误,应大胆地使用英语;另一方面,要注意纠正错误,从错误中学习。对于教 师批改过的作业,一定要仔细看。在口头交际中,不能完全不顾语法,但也不能因为 怕犯语法错误而不敢开口。研究表明,在口头表达中,适度地监控语法的正确性和准 确性最有利于提高口语能力。
16、不要被语法术语困扰在语法学习中,学习者经常被某些语法术语所困扰。不同的语法书和不同的语法学 家经常使用不同的语法术语,这给英语学习者造成不少困难。学习者如果遇到难以理 解的语法术语,最好是请教老师,看有没有其他解释。比如有的语法书里使用“名词 性从句”、“形容词性从句”等概念。有的学习者难以理解。其实,名词性从句包括 主语从句、宾语从句等;形容词性从句一般指定语从句。要始终记住语法是工具,不是最终目的阅读中,有的学习者虽然不是有意识地停下来分析句子的语法结构,但他们在潜意 识里总是一边读一边“留神”语法。一般来讲,只要明白句子意思就不要去思考语法 问题。如果阅读理解中遇到困难,而且从上下文也不
17、能很快找到其他线索,就可以看 看语法结构。英语语法的学习窍门通读一本语法书目前英语教材上的语法讲解比较简单,且知识点分散,不成体系,导致很多同学所 掌握的语法知识支离破碎,似懂非懂,给英语成绩的提高带来很大困难。所以,最好 备一本较好的语法书,利用课余时间通读一遍,打下扎实、系统的英语语法基础。名 词、冠词等。由简入繁,通读一遍。从最简单的内容开始,一章一节地看下去。速度应快一点, 虽然暂时不可能掌握全部内容,但应留下一个印象,这样以后查找起来比较方便。抓住各部分语法知识的主要框架。所选的书要涉及必须掌握的语法知识。内容不过 分简单,也不过分复杂,讲解要简明扼要。带着问题查读有问题到语法书中去寻求答案,可以提高主动学习的能力,还有助于积累知识。否 则,问题会成为英语学习的拦路虎,随时伴随着我们,在以后的语言实践中一错再 错。注重平时积累语法是死的,语言是活的。随着学习的深入,会发现有很多英语表达方法,一时很 难找出规律。尤其是习惯用法,并不是在课本的某一个单元或某一篇课文中集中出 现,而是分散在整个英语学习过程之中。在这种情况下,只能靠平时不断积累来学 习。
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