初三的英语语法知识点.docx

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1、初三的英语语法知识点初三的英语语法知识点：语法时态语法：直接引语变间接引语。直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用来转述别人的话叫间接引语。例：He said, He will go to Beijing tomorrow.（直接弓卜语）He said that he would go to Beijing the next day.直接引语变间接引语时时态、人称及一些时间或个别词都要做相应的改变。时态：一般现在时一一般过去时一般将来时一过去将来时现在进行时一过去进行时一般过去时f过去完成时现在完成时一过去完成时_但真理性的句子时态不变。例：He said: The sun rises in the

2、east.He said that the sun rises in the east.他说太阳从东方升起。时间：nowf then, last monththe month before.todays that day, three days agof three days before.tonightf that night, tomorrowthe next day.yesterdaythe day before, the day after tomorrow-in two days.其它变化：thisthat thesethose heref therecomego句式的改变：直接引语

3、是陈述句加that可以省去。例：He said, My sister was here three days ago.一He said that his sister had been there three days before.直接引语是一般疑问句，变成用if/whether引导的宾语从句，人称时态等作相应改变。答案：Bo本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词 靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的放在后， 在不能确定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+those + thr

4、ee + beautiful + large + square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table如何学好初中英语语法1 .学语法要结合课文去学。事实上，语法的学习和英语单词的学习类似。词语只有放在课文里它才会体现生 命，这样便于学生的记忆和理解，单词词应用实际上也是语法的一部分。一篇文章包含各种各样的知识点和语法，通过文章来学习英语语法有利于学生对语 法的深入了解和记忆，可以记得更为牢固，学生学起来也更为灵活，由此可见，学生 在学完句型后，应结合文章来学习语法。2 .语法的学习要进行大量的语言实践。我们都知道，考试和练习是检查学生是否把知识掌握牢靠

5、的方式，语法也会存在对 应的章节练习。受到应试教育的影响，学生已经习惯借助考试和练习来检验自己是否 把语法学好。因此，学生在学完一节语法知识后，应通过练习来加深对语法的记忆和理解，使得 语法学习得到进一步巩固，通过自己的做题情况把自己学习语法的情况充分反映出 来。如果碰到自己觉得困难的题目，尽可能不要去看参考答案，这提醒你你对所学的语 法知识还没有彻底弄懂，如果的第一反应是看答案的习惯的养成，会导致你在学习语 法过程中惰性思维的产生，往往容易得到的不会引发你很大的重视，只有经过反反复 复的琢磨和思考才会显得尤为珍贵。而且，在你花费一定时间去认真思考这道题后，你不会轻易忘掉这道题的做题思 维。3

6、 .落实基本句型。基本句型是是英语语法学习的地基。没有地基的打造何来高楼大厦的建成。初中阶 段的学习是学生学习英语的入门阶段，必不可少的需要记忆和练习基本句型。基本句 型的训练不在于效果，学生要做的应是由浅入深，一步一个脚印，直至能够在综合练 习中使用得游刃有余。正所谓熟能生巧，在平时注重多写多练，才能使英语语法有效学习成为可能。学好英语语法的技巧1 .首先在课堂上要记好笔记，笔记要分类记，比如，名词记一类，冠词记一类，要 用不同颜色笔记，下来复习的时候方便看。2 .语法太多很繁杂，容易让人产生厌倦感，也很容易忘记，那么一分钟就记一条语 法，容易记住而且不易忘，在课间休息的时候，你就瞄一眼，然

7、后在心里默念，也是 非常有效率的。3 .记完要学的英语语法过后就去做题，加深印象，这样就记得很牢固，不容易忘。 平时多造句，读英语文章也会对学习语法有帮助。英语语法的学习不是一朝一夕的，是需要日积月累，我相信只要用心，一步一个脚 印，就一定会把英语语法给掌握好。Mother asked me, Did you buy any meat for lunch?一Mother asked me if/whether I had bought some meat for lunch.直接引语是特殊问句，变成由原来疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句，时态人 称等作相应改变。例：What do you do

8、? he asked me.He asked me what I did.直接引语是选择问句变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句。Do you like English or Chinese? He asked me.He asked me whether I liked English or Chinese.语法：被动语态1 .英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的 承受者。当我们强调谁是某个动作的执行者，即谁做了某种事情时，用主动语态。eg: Daniel bought a new computer丹尼尔买了一台

9、新电脑。（不是别人）如果主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者时，就是被动语态。eg: A new computer was bought by Daniel 一台新电脑被丹尼尔买了。被动语态的谓语由be +动词的过去分词构成，其中be是助动词，随时态改变。一般现在时的被动语态由am / is / are +动词的过去分词构成。一般过去时的被动语态由was / were +动词的过去分词构成。2 .被动语态的用法：当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。eg: Rice is grown in South China.华南种植水稻。（没必要说明是谁种）This bridge was b

10、uilt 100 years ago.这座桥是100年前建的。（不知道谁建的）Passive voice with by在被动语态中，如果我们也要把动作的执行者表达出来的话，我们就在被动句子的 后面，用by+动作的执行者（宾格）来表示。e. g. Jack broke the window.（主动语态）The window was broken by Jack.（被动语态）窗户是被杰克打碎的。Meals are cooked by her mother at home.在家饭是她母亲烧的。The book was written by him several years ago,这本书是他几年

11、前写的。3.难点：1) .当一个含有复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的句子变为被动语态时，只能把宾语变为被 动语态的主语，宾补还放在原来的位置。e. g. We call him Xiao Wang.He is called Xiao Wang.He cut his hair short.His hair was cut short.2) .带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常常把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语;如果 直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for.e. g. Someone gave the boy an apple. 一一 The boy was given an apple.

12、An apple was given to the boy.His mother bought a present for him.He was bought a present.A present was bought for him.3) .在let, hear, watch, see, help, have等词的句子中，主动语态不加to,被 动语态要加to.e. g. The boss makes us work 12 hours a day.We are made to work 12hours a day.They heard the children sing that morni

13、ng.The children were heard tosing that morning.直接引语是祈使句，根据说话语气变成ask/tell/order warn sb. to do sth.的 结构。例：She said to me, Stand up. fShe asked me to stand up.Father said to his son, Dont play football in the street, fFather told his son not to play football in the street.初三的英语语法知识点：句式句型Unit 11. They

14、go as fast as they can.as-as sb. (one) can = as as possible 尽可能地asas中间加原级的形容词或副词。例：I will work as hard as I can.我将尽可能努力工作。He ran as fast as he could.他拼命地跑。Please come here as soon as you can. 请尽快来这里。2. We call the first Olympic Games the ancient Olympics.我们把早期的运动会叫做古代奥运会。call sb. / sth. +n.称呼某人/某物，后

15、面的名词作宾语补足语。例：We call the boy DaMao.我们称呼那个男孩大毛。类似于这种可以用名词或名词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：name/cal 1/make/choose/find/think 等。例：We chose him our monitor at yesterdays class meeting.昨天班会我们选他当我们的班长。I find him a clever boy.我觉得他是个聪明的孩子。3. It seemed that Zhuang Yong and Jenny Thompson, an American swimmer, had finished at

16、 the same time.看上去好像庄泳和美国游泳选手詹尼汤姆森同时游完全程。以下几种方式可以表示看起来，似乎It seems that + 从句seem to be +adj.seem +adj.仞J： Danny seemed excited. (Danny seemed to be excited.)丹尼似乎很激动。seem to do sth.彳列： When his wifes pet cat died, Alan didnt seem to care at all.艾伦妻子的宠猫死了，他好象一点也不在乎。4. Diving is one of the most popular

17、events at the Olympics.潜水是奥运会欢迎的项目之一。one of其中之一，后常加级及名词复数。例：Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界最长的河流之一。5. Make your country proud.使你的国家因你而自豪。proud作宾语补足语，修饰宾语your country;make的用法：make the bed 铺床 make tea 沏茶make dumplings 包饺子 make a car 制造汽车be made of由制成make sb. /sth. +n.使某人/某物成

18、为made sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/某物如何make sb. /sth. do使某人/某物做某事名词/形容词/d。（不定式，省to）,作宾语补足语。6. his team came in twentieth. 他的队第二十名。twentieth 第二十整十数的序数词，变y为ie加th。例：ninetyfninetieth fiftyf fiftieth7. We had such an interesting day at school today.我们今天在学校度过了这么有趣的一天。这句话也可以说成：We had so interesting a day at school t

19、oday, such和so意思都是如此/这样，但用法不同。It is so interesting a film that we all want to see it once more. 它是如此有趣的电影，我们都想再看一遍。Thanks a lot for sending me such beautiful pictures by e-mail!多谢你用e-mail给我发来这么漂亮的图片。He is so weak that he can，t work on.他如此虚弱以致不能再继续工作。8. If I dont. I won t be able to sleep tonight.如果我不

20、写下来的话，我今晚睡不着觉。此句是if构成的条件状语从句，要用一般现在时代替将来时。r 11 go to the park with my friends if it doesn，t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我要和朋友去公园。9. If he practises walking on pizzas, he 11 do better next time. 如果他保持练习在比萨饼上走的话，下次他会表现好一些。finish, enjoy, practise, keep, mind 后常加动名词作宾语。例：Youd better practise speaking English

21、 both in and after class.你在课上课下练习说英语。Unit 21. Our class could play soccer for a week without stopping.我们班同学可以踢一周足球不休息。without介词，with的反义词，后加名词、代词或doing形式的动词，有时可以用 if从句改写。例：Without having breakfast, he hurried to school.他没有吃早饭，匆忙上学去了。Fish cant live without water.没有水鱼不能活。If there is no water, fish cant

22、 live.2. Thats very kind of you.你真是太好了。还可以说：Thats very nice of you.3. Wouldnt we get tired?我们不会累吗？此句是否定形式的一般疑问句，常用来表惊讶、责备、赞叹等语气。例：Isnt it beautiful?它不漂亮吗？（It is beautiful!）注意答语：Yes, it is.不，漂亮No, it isn，t.是的，不漂亮。Cant you come earlier?你不能早来吗？（责备）4. The Great Wall of China is more than 7,240 kilometre

23、s long.中国的长城长7, 240多公里。It is +数字+单+形容词是一个固定句式，用来表达某物（人）多高/长/宽/深等。例：The river is 10 metres deep.这条河深10米。The old man is seventy years old.这个老人 70 岁。Our room is 5 metres wide.我们教室宽 5 米。通常这样的句子可以用how+形容词+一般问句构成特殊疑问句。例：How wide is your room?How deep is the river?5. On average, it weighs more than 26 tons

24、.平均，它（鲸）重26吨多。weigh动词,重多少。weight n.重量。例：The desk weighs 10 kilos.这书桌重 10 公斤。The weight of the desk is 10 kilos.The desk is 10 kilos heavy.6. The average blue whale is about four times as big as the biggest elephant.平均蓝鲸是的大象的四倍。four times as+原级+as是的几倍 例：This room is three times as big as that one.Thi

25、s is twice bigger than that one.times是倍数，有时也可以当次数讲。例：I have been to the Great Wall twice.7. Does anyone have any other ideas?有人有别的主意吗？any other用在肯定句中后常加单数名词。any other在疑问句和否定句中加复数名词。例：The boy is taller than any other boy in his class.这个男孩比他班里任何别的男孩都高。I dont want any other oranges.我不要任何别的桔子。8. I have

26、some more.我有更多一些。some more更多一些，后加可数或不可数名词。much more后加不可数名词many more后加可数名词复数I want many more books.我想要更多的书。9. Its a man who can ride his bicycle backwards while playing the violin. 那是一个能边拉小提琴边倒骑车的人。while (when)当时，时间状语从句。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致或是it时，在时间、条件、让步从句中且从句中的 谓语动词含有be时，则可以省略从句的主语和be。例：I will go to visi

27、t Beijing if （it is） possible.Although （I am） ugly, I am gentle.尽管我丑，我很温柔。初三的英语语法知识点：形容词和副词一、形容词的用法：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。也可以放在联 系动词后面作表语。1 .直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度 副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。That s a heavy box.（定语）He, s very happy to come here.（表语）The good news made me very happy.（宾语补足语）2 .有些形容词

28、是表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。 例如：afraid害怕的alone单独，独自asleep睡着的ill生病的。He is an ill man.（错） The man is ill.（对）She is an afraid girl.（错） The girl is afraid.（对）这类形容词还有：well,（身体）好的unwell （身体）不舒适的，alike相象的， alive活着的，awake醒着的等。3 .形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等

29、不定代词时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice1.）4.形容词使用中应注意的几个问题：1）大部分形容词加Ty可构成副词。但friendly友好的，lovely可爱的，lonely 孤单的，lively热闹的，有生气的，活泼的，等仍为形容词。She sang lovely.（错）Her singing was lovely.（对）He spoke to me very friendly.（错）He spoke to me in a very friendlyway. -（对） politely, truly, terribly2）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词

30、的复数连接。如：the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry 如：The poor are losing hope.3）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。the British, the English, the French, the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.4.）多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词一数词一描绘词一（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）一出处一材料性质，类 别一名词a small roun

31、d table a dirty old brown shirta tall gray building a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例题：1）Tony is going camping with boys.A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two答案：Co由限定词一数词一描绘词一（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）一性质一 名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。

32、2）One day they crossed the bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old答案A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+ 来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。3） How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last