新初一英语暑假预习知识点大全.docx
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1、新初一英语暑假预习知识点大全第一部分:基础知识 字母:26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY Z abcdefgh I j k I mnopqrstuvwx y z 2.语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母:A E I 0 U 12个单元音: 前元音:i: i /e/ ae 中元音:3: a 后元音:a: d o: u : o a 双元音(8个) 合口 双元音(5 个)ai ei au au oi 集中双元音(3个)io e a ua 3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词 4,句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识 名词:名词单复数,名词的格 名词单复数 一般情况,直接加
2、-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, catcats 以 s. x. sh. ch 2吉尾,力口一es,4口: bus-buses, boxboxes, brush-brushes, watch-watcheswi I I go swimming tomorrow.现在进行时:am, i s, are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则: 一般的直接在后面加上i ng ,如doing, going , working , singing , eating 以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing , 如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类
3、动词极少)有: runn i ng , swimming , sitting , getting第三部分:句法陈述句肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如: I m a student. She i s a doctor. He works in a hospitaI. There are four fans i n our c I assroom. He wi I I eat Iunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday even i ng. (2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如: Im not a student. She i s not
4、(isn t) a doctor. He does not (doesn, t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren, t) four fans i n our cI assroom. He will not (won t) eat Iunch at 12:00. I did not (d i dn, t) watch TV yesterday even ing.疑问句 一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。 特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , who
5、se , why , how 等)开头弓I 导的句 子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes、no” 来回答。 There be 句型 There be句型与have, has的区别 There be句型表示:在某地有某物(或人) 在there be句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is ; 主语是复数,be动词用are ;如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。 there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 there be 句型与 have (has)的区别:there be 表 示在某地有某物(或人);have (has)表示某
6、人拥有 某物。 some和any在there be句型中的运用:some用 于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。 and和or在there be句型中的运用:and用于肯 定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many +名词复数+ are there +介词短语? How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语? 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What s +介词短语?第四部分六大时态结构 一般现在时概念:表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况; 总是发生的;事实真理。 时间 n夫语: Always, usua I I y,
7、often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month-*-), once a week (day, year, month-), on Sundays (on Mondays-), etc. 基本结构:主语+动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动 词上要改为第三人称单数形式) 否定形式:主语+am /is/ are+not+其他;此时态的 谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为 第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提 问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 eg:
8、It seIdom snows here.这里很少下雪。 He i s always ready to he I p others. 他总是乐于 帮助别人。 Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜于雄 辩。 一般过去时 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、 经常性的动作、行为。 时间夫语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, Iast (year, night, month-*),i n 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, Ion
9、gIong ago, once upon a time,etc. 基本结构:主语+动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词 否定形式:主语+was / were+not+其他;在行为动词前 加didnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的 过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。 eg: She often came to he Ip us i n those days.叫4 些 天她经常来帮助我们。 I didnt know you were so busy.我不知道你这么 忙。 一般将来时概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间目夫语:
10、Tomorrow, next day (week, month, year-*-), soon, in a few minutes, by, the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构:主语+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主 语+wi I I / shall+do+其它 否定形式:主语+am /i s/ are not going to+do;主语 +wi I I / sha I I not do+其它 一般疑问句:be放于句首;wi I I / shaI I提到句首。 (首字母大写) eg: They are going to have a c
11、ompetition with usin studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。 It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 现在进行时 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语:Now, at this time, days, Iook, I isten, etc. 基本结构:主语+be+doing+其它 否定形式:主语+be+not+doi ng+其它 一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 eg: Are you fee I i ng good today?你今天感觉如何? He i s doing we I I i n h i s I essons.在课上他表现
12、 得很好。过去进行时 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的 行为或动作。 时间斗夫语:at this time yesterday, at that time 或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语 等。 基本结构:主语+was / were+doi ng+其它 否定形式:主语+7725/亚6匹+门0+101便+其它 一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母 大写) eg: At that time she was working in a company. 刃口 段时间她在一家公司工作。 When he came i n, I was read i ng a
13、 newspaper.他进来时,我正在读报纸。 现在完成时 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或 结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语:yet, a I ready, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点,千or+时间段,recent I y, I ate I y, in the past few years,etc. 基本结构:主语+have / has+过去分词+其它 否定形式:主语+have / has+not+过去分词+其它 一般疑问句:have或has放句首。 eg: I ve wr i tten
14、an art i c I e.我已经写了一篇论文。 The countrys i de has changed a Iot i n the past few years.在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。第五部分英语作文分类指导 人物类作文1 我自己Myself 要涉及的话题或句型: 一、姓名 My name i s Wang Xiaomi ng. /Thi s i s Wang Xiaomi ng. 注意名字有两个字时,要连在一起,只大写第一个字如 王小明 Wang Xiaoming 二、年龄 Im twelve. / Im twe I ve years old. 三、喜欢的食物水果与运动
15、/功课等等 My favour ite fruit/ food i s I like playing badminton. Because it s good for my body. 四、经常在何时做运动或爱好 I often pI ay badminton with my cI assmates after schooI. 五、家人 There are three peopIe in my fami ly: my father, mother and I. 六、家人职业及爱好(简略) My father is an engineer.He Iikes reading books.He of
16、ten asks me to go to the Iibrary with him.七、结束语 I Iove my father. And Iove my famiIy. This is me. 人物类作文2 我的朋友My friend 与Mysel千的区别:主语由I变He /She.动词由动词原 形变为动词第三人称单数形式.代词由my变his /her 要涉及的话题或句型:开头句I have a f r i end. 一、姓名 H i s name i s Wang Xiaomi ng. /Hes Wang xiaoming.注意名字有两个字时,要连在一起,只大写第 一个字 如王小明Wang
17、 Xiaoming. 二、年龄 Hes tweI ve. /He s tweI ve years old. 三、喜欢的食物水果与运动/功课等等 Hi s favour ite fruit food i s He Iikes playing badminton. Because it s good for his body. 四、经常在何时做运动或爱好 He often pI ays badminton with me after schooI. 五、家人 There are three peopIe in his fami ly:His father,mother and he. 六、家人职业
18、及爱好(简略) His father is an engineer. He I ikes reading books. 七、结束语 I like my fr iend. 人物类作文3 我的一天My day 时态一般现在时 重要句型主语+动词原形+其它. 在几点使用at. I get up at 6:00. Then I wash my face and brushmy teeth. I eat breakfast at 7:00.Then I go to school. I have seven cI asses every day. CI asses begin at 8:00.School
19、 i s over at 4:30. After school, I often p I ay tab Ie tenn i s with my f r i ends. I eat d i nner at 7:00.Then I Ii sten to mus ic. I do my homework at 8:00. I go to bed at 9:30. Th i s i s my day. 人物类作文4 某人的一天Toms day 时态一般现在时 重要句型 主语(第三人称单词形式)+动词第三人称单 词形式+其它. 注意与My day的区别 主语由I变为He. 形容词性物主代词由my变为hi
20、s 动词由原形变为第三人称单数形式,简单记忆方 法就是动词后加s或es Tom gets up at 6:00. Then he washes his face and brushes h i s teeth. He eats breakfast at 7:00. Then he goes to school. He has seven cI asses every day. Classes begin at 8:00.School is over at 4:30. After school, he often pI ays tab Ie tennis with h i s f r i end
21、s. He eats dinner at 7:00.Then he Iistens to music. He does h i s homewoark at 8:00. He goes to bed at 9:30. Th i s i s Tom1s day. 时态类作文5 下周末打算怎么过 时态一般将来时 重要句型 主语+be+going to do sth. 主语+be+going to地点 I am going to have a busy/happy weekend. On Saturday mor ing. I m going to In the afternoon,. In the
22、 evening,.例文 Hi, this is Liu Yun. I m going to have a busy weekend!On Staurday, Im going to the bookstore by subway. I m going to buy a new CD and some story-books. Then, I m going to go home and read the new books. On Sunday, I m going to the supermarket with my mother. We re going after Iunch.Then
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