Module 4 Section Ⅲ 　Grammar——复习被动语态和by＋v.ing形式.docx

《Module 4 Section Ⅲ 　Grammar——复习被动语态和by＋v.ing形式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Module 4 Section Ⅲ 　Grammar——复习被动语态和by＋v.ing形式.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Section KI Grammar复习被动语态和by+v.-ing形式语境自主领悟1先视察原句后自主感悟Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries. Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.The research was supported by the government. In Pakistan rice will be grown in many parts of the country.Thc new hybrid ri

2、ce has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.The shop closes at 6： 00 pm every day.The apple tastes good.The new product by the company sells well.Open the door by winding the handle.(10) People usually greet each other by shaking hands.1 .句接受了一般现在时的 被动语态，其构成形式为

3、： am/is/are + done。2 .句接受了一般过去时 的被动语态，其构成形式为： was/weci+done。3 .句分别用了一般将来 时和现在完成时的被动语态。4 .句中谓语动词以主 动形式表示被动意义。5 .句中，by+o.-ing形 式表示通过方式。语法精要点拨i.各种时态的被动语态的构成被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态 由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are+doneBefore you leave the lab, make sure the electricity is turned off

4、 and the windows are shut.在你离开试验室之前，要确保电源被切断，窗户被关好。(2)一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+doneThe foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.孩子们热忱地 欢迎外宾。(3)一般将来时被动语态的构成：shall/will + be+doneMore space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探究。(4)现在进行时被动语态的构成：am/

5、is/are+being + doneThey are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is being rebuilt.他们现在短暂和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。(5)过去进行时被动语态的构成：was/were+ being+doneAfter school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it was being decorated.放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览

6、室正 在装修。(6)现在完成时被动语态的构成：has/have been+doneLi Hua has been elected monitor of our class to take the place of Ma Li.李华已取代马丽，被选为我班班长。(7)过去完成时被动语态的构成：had been+doneWhen we got on the spot of the accident, we were told that the injured had been sent to the nearest hospital.当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最 近的医院。(8)

7、将来完成时被动语态的构成：win/shall + have been+doneOn her next birthday, Ann will have been married for twenty years.到下一次过生日的时候，安结婚就要满二十年了。(9)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+ bc+doneThe boy feels hot on the forehead, so he must be sent to hospital at once.这个男 孩的额头摸起来发热，所以必需被马上送往医院。即时训练I用所给词的被动语态填空More efforts, as reported,

8、 will be made (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structure reform.一Did you enjoy the party?Yes, we were treated (treat) well by our hosts.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached (reach) so far by the two sides.【导学号：12112030】2 .运用被动语态时应留意的状况(1)不及物动词或动词

9、短语无被动语态(take place, break out, come true, belong to date from, happen 等)。A fire broke out in his house yesterday.昨天他家着火了。(2)含有介词或副词的及物动词短语变为被动语态时，介词或副词不行省略 (look after, look for, take care of, put off, break into 等)。The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园里被照看得很好。(3)带复合宾语(宾语+宾

10、补)的动词变被动语态时，一般把复合结构中的宾语 变成主语，而把宾语补足语(在被动语态中叫作主语补足语)放在动词之后。We always keep the classroom clean and tidy.f The classroom is always kept clean and tidy by us.我们总是保持教室干净 而且整齐。名师点津see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make 等感官动词或使役动词 后作宾补的不定式不带t。，但当主动语态变为被动语态时，不定式符号t。必需 加上。A girl saw my wallet dro

11、p when she passed by.f My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.一个姑娘路过时看到我的钱包掉了。即时训练2完成句子这种活动每四年在不同的国家实行一次。The game takes place every four years in a different country.我们在试验室做了许多好玩的试验。Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory.我们经常听到他弹吉他。He is often heard to play t

12、he guitar.那座古庙起源于明朝。The old temple dates from the Ming Dynasty.3 .主动形式表示被动意义的用法(1)某些连系动词，如 look, sound, smell, feeL taste, prove 等，可用主动 形式表示被动意义，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。That dog looks dangerous.那只狗看起来很紧急。(2)某些可用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的及物动词，如:lock,shut, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, dra

13、w, cut, drink, eat 等 常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些词后常有副词修饰，如well, easily等。The cloth washes well and is comfortable to wear.这种布很简洁洗而旦穿起来很舒适。(3)need, require, want, deserve等词，当主语为物时，接动名词的主动形 式，表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The flowers need watering or they will die.=The flowers need to be watered or they will die.这些花须要浇水

14、，否则它们会死。(4)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The picture- book is well worth reading.这本图画书很值得一读。(5)在“主语+bc+形容词(+forsb.) + todo”结构中，句子的主语与构成不 定式的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用 主动形式表示被动意义。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, interesting, strange, impossible, comfortable, dangerous 等。This article is dif

15、ficult to read.I need someone to explain it to me.这篇文章很难读懂。我须要一个人给我说明一下。(6)不定式作定语修饰名词，与前面的名词有动宾关系，且句中有不定式的 逻辑主语时，用动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。I have a lot of homework to do this afternoon.今日下午我有许多的家庭作业要做。Please give me something to eat.请给我些东西吃。(7)某些动词不定式如to blame, to let等，作表语时用主动形式表示被动意义。The boy was to blame fo

16、r what he had done.这个男孩为他的所作所为受到了指责(指责)。即时训练3用所给词的适当形式填空A Midsummer Nights Dreamopens (open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.As a result of the serious flood, two- thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing (repair).The stone is heavy for the boy to lift

17、 (lift).4 . by +也ing形式(l)by +u.ing形式，表示以某种方式来达到某种目的He passed the exam by working hard.通过努力学习，他通过了考试。(2)by表示“方式”的其他用法by+交通工具，如：by car/bus/bike/plane 等。I go to school by bike every day.我每天骑自行车去上学。by+the+具体的时间或度量名词,如 by the day/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen (按打)等。He is paid by the hour.他按小时得到酬劳。即时训练4用by d

18、oing形式改写下列句子You can reach there if you take a bus.f You can reach there by taking a bus.Students learn things when they do exercises after school.-*Students learn things by doing exercises after school.【导学号：12112031】语法应用落实I .单句语法填空1. He hoped that he would be given (give) a more suitable job.2. Havi

19、ng been trapped (trap) in the mine for two days, the miners finally were rescued.3. Everyone dislikes being made (make) fun of by others.4. Dont lose heart! The problem can be prevented (prevent) from getting worse.5. About thirty volunteers will have been selected to the Mars throughout the world b

20、y 2023.6. Shakespeares play Hamlethas been made (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.7. So what is the procedure?一All the applicants are interviewed (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.8. We are confident that the environment will be improved (improve

21、) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.9. The government announced that six highways had been built (build) by the end of last year.10. A dinner party was being held (hold) in celebration of the great achievements she had made when I called her yesterday.II .单句改错1. Having shown the classroom,

22、we were taken to the library.Having 后力口 been2. The children are taught how to operate the machine now.are 后力口 being3. By the end of last month, all of his works have been published.havefhad4. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth wash well.washwashes5. In the last few years thousands of films had been produced all over the world.had- have